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Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), and its construction and financing by China, exemplifies the prominence accorded to mega‐infrastructural projects in contemporary economic development, as well as the dependence this has engendered on external loans. Alongside, multiple geographies intertwine in the SGR which is both a component of China's global ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI), as well as an East African regional link between coastal Kenya and neighbouring landlocked countries. In most popular and academic analyses, the role of China is emphasized over the SGR's positioning within East Africa. Does this then lead to an undermining of the meanings that are attached to the SGR within Kenya? This article seeks to add Kenyan perspectives to the debate over China's infrastructural loans by examining the range of news media discourses that have emerged around the SGR. Utilizing the theoretical lens of South‐South cooperation and African agency, this study analyzes how material infrastructure becomes meaningful within the context of a political superstructure. For Kenya, this political superstructure is shaped not only by Kenya‐China relations, but also by infrastructural competitions within East Africa, as well as within Kenya itself. 相似文献
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Migration‐as‐development repackaged? The globalizing imperative of the Singaporean state's diaspora strategies 
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下载免费PDF全文 Diaspora strategizing is becoming an important field of public policy in countries that seek to advance development through migration. Diaspora strategies present a way of complicating interpretations of development, as countries that represent different levels of development seek to mobilize diaspora networks nonetheless. While Singapore's diaspora strategies prioritize diaspora knowledge networks, it bears the stamp of the country's colonial history, postcolonial priorities and developmental state apparatus. We suggest that these factors result in a distinctive diaspora strategy characterized by a centralized and technocratic approach more similar to diaspora strategies found in emerging economies. Earlier research on diaspora strategies has been concerned with assessing successes or failures, but a more critical scholarship that questions the logics and outcomes of diaspora strategizing is emerging. We bring the Singaporean case into dialogue with four such critiques: first, the intellectual foundations of diaspora‐centred development; second, the hyperextension of state infrastructure for emigration and stakeholder alignment; third, the selective mobilization of the idea of diaspora; and fourth, the evidence base upon which diaspora‐centred development is predicated. Our goal is to further critical interrogation into the logics, efficacy and sustainability of diaspora strategizing. We situate our analyses in the international literature on diaspora knowledge mobilization. 相似文献
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Elena Dell'Agnese 《Geographical review》2013,103(4):575-579
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STEVE W. LYON ELIN J. JANTZE HELEN E. DAHLKE FERNANDO JARAMILLO MATTIAS WINTERDAHL 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(3):237-245
In this short communication, we report on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon concentrations from a summer stream monitoring campaign at the main hydrological catchment of the Tarfala Research Station in northern Sweden. Further, we place these unique high‐alpine observations in the context of a relevant subset of Sweden's national monitoring programme. Our analysis shows that while the monitoring programme (at least for total organic carbon) may have relatively good representativeness across a range of forest coverages, alpine/tundra environments are potentially underrepresented. As for dissolved inorganic carbon, there is currently no national monitoring in Sweden. Since the selection of stream water monitoring locations and monitored constituents at the national scale can be motivated by any number of goals (or limitations), monitoring at the Tarfala Research Station along with other research catchment sites across Fennoscandia becomes increasingly important and can offer potential complementary data necessary for improving process understanding. Research catchment sites (typically not included in national monitoring programmes) can help cover small‐scale landscape features and thus complement national monitoring thereby improving the ability to capture hot spots and hot moments of biogeochemical export. This provides a valuable baseline of current conditions in high‐alpine environments against which to gauge future changes in response to potential climatic and land cover shifts. 相似文献
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The aim of this paper was to analyze the role of border and borderland type in transborder cooperation. To this end, 591 projects under six Interreg IIIA Programs in which Polish border regions participated from 2004 to 2006 were examined. These programs were compared to identify the various factors influencing projects in different border regions. Although research on cooperation usually focuses on a national scale, actual cooperation depends largely on regional and local conditions, which are the focus of this study. Despite a common legal and institutional framework, the Interreg projects were not all realized in the same way. Different local conditions had impacts on programs and implementation. Therefore, the effectiveness and achievement of transborder cooperation objectives depended on the modification of each program to specific regional conditions. 相似文献
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Do perceptions of the Red‐tailed Hawk indicate a human‐wildlife conflict on the island of La Gonave,Haiti? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Justin White Lisa M. Kennedy Maria Elisa Christie 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(2):258-268
The Caribbean subspecies of the Red‐tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis solitudinus or B.j. jamaicensis) is the largest native carnivore on the island of La Gonave, Haiti, and the island's apex predator. On other Caribbean islands, raptors have been persecuted by local people typically because of their depredation of livestock. In addition to possible persecution from humans, Red‐tailed Hawks on La Gonave face challenges from island‐wide timber overharvest and rapid land‐cover changes. To better understand the human‐apex predator relationship on La Gonave, we surveyed islanders about their perceptions of, and interactions with, the Red‐tailed Hawk. According to 121 respondents from 10 villages, La Gonavans do not hunt, kill, or consume Red‐tailed Hawks. Our study revealed a notable absence of negative perceptions of the hawk by respondents despite intense hawk depredation of domestic chickens. While the chicken depredation may lead outside observers to consider the human‐hawk relationship on La Gonave as representative of a human‐wildlife conflict, our interview data do not support that conception. Our findings reflect an important conversation in related contemporary scientific literature about what constitutes human‐wildlife conflicts across various cultures. Despite tolerance by residents, Red‐tailed Hawks on La Gonave remain threatened by habitat degradation. 相似文献
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本文利用1961—2010年北疆地区20个气象台站的逐日降水量、最高气温、最低气温及平均气温资料,采用国际气候诊断与指数小组(ETCDDMI)所提供极端降水和气温事件的各种指标,对极端气候事件时空变化规律进行分析。结果表明:近50年,北疆地区极端降水和气温事件有显著的增加趋势;在北疆不同气候区极端降水指标变化趋势表现不同,其中准噶尔盆地地区增长趋势最慢;冷夜(日) 指数呈现下降趋势,为-4.05 d/10a(-1.51 d/10a),暖夜(日)指数呈现增加趋势,为4.36 d/10a (1.64 d/10a)。线性趋势分析发现,在20世纪80年代后极端降水事件有明显的增加趋势;应用M-K检测年最高气温和年最低气温,发现大多数站点在20世纪80年代后年最高气温和年最低气温也呈现显著增加。这表明在20世纪80年代后,北疆地区的极端气候事件增加趋势更加显著。 相似文献
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Samuel M. Otterstrom 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):147-149
Ryan, James R. Picturing Empire: Photography and theVisualization of the British Empire Sizoo, Edith (ed.) Women's Lifeworlds: Women's Narratives on Shaping their Realities. Teaford, Jon Post-Suburbia Government and Politics in the Edge Cities. Warhus, Mark Another America: Native American Maps and the Historyof Our Land Yeung, Y. M. and Chu, David K. Y. (eds.) Guangdong: Survey of aProvince Undergoing Rapid Change Young, E. M. World Hunger 相似文献
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利用小海子（XHZ）采样点标准化树轮年表重建了博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州)中东部地区1622—2010年上年7月至当年6月降水量,相关系数为0.599,方差解释量达35.8%（调整自由度后为34.6%）。利用多种统计参数和独立资料对重建结果进行验证,表明降水量重建值具有较好的可信性。对重建降水量的分析表明:在这389年中,博州中东部地区降水量大体经历7个偏少阶段和7个偏多阶段,且与天山山区年降水显著相关,在波动上也比较一致;重建降水量序列具有2年左右的显著准周期。 相似文献
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西伯利亚是全球环境变化的重要敏感性区域,但以往缺乏该区域中高分辨率地表覆盖数据,对其地表覆盖的整体分布与变化缺乏深入的认识。本文利用中国新近研制的2000、2010年两期30 m分辨率地表覆盖数据产品GlobeLand30,对2000-2010年西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布格局、变化幅度、区域差异及主要地类的变化原因进行了综合分析。研究发现：①西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布现状具有明显的地带性特征。②10年间,西伯利亚地区地表覆盖整体变化幅度较大,其中林地及草地呈显著缩减、湿地呈较大幅度增加、耕地呈微弱减少、人造地表呈增加态势。③10年间,西伯利亚地表覆盖变化具有显著的区域差异性。变化最显著的为西西伯利亚地区,其中以湿地增加最明显,主要分布于鄂毕河—叶尼塞河流域,林地、草地及耕地减少集中于西伯利亚西南部。④人类活动和气候变暖是引发西伯利亚地表覆盖变化的主要原因。大规模林地砍伐导致林地减少;冰冻层消融,林地、草地和水体向湿地的转化是湿地增加的主要原因;耕地的人为废弃和撂荒导致耕地面积有所减少。 相似文献
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基于科学引文索引数据库SCI-E, 检索获得2010—2014年美国海洋学研究型文献9 702篇, 在确定文献集中词频不低于40的54个高频关键词基础上, 运用共词分析法, 以SPSS 20.0为工具, 探索美国近5年海洋学研究热点。结果表明, 2010—2014年间美国海洋学研究热点集中在6大主题领域: 海洋环流动力学研究、海洋灾害研究、科学技术和方法在海洋中的应用研究、海洋初级生产力研究、海洋污染研究、海洋生物多样性研究。在此基础上, 运用社会网络分析法, 借助可视化工具Ucinet, 对6大研究主题和高频作者共现矩阵进行可视化, 揭示出各研究主题的作者团体。 相似文献
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1951—2010年中国土壤温度时空变化特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤温度状况对于研究气候变迁、地球物质能量循环以及土壤性质演变具有重要意义,但目前对国家尺度上土壤温度状况的长期序列和空间变化缺少研究。因此,本文基于土壤温度内插法和地理加权回归（GWR）模型,使用1951—2010年中国880个气象站点的观测数据,研究了中国土壤温度状况时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 中国60年来土壤温度变化整体趋势为东北地区升温,西南地区少部分地区降温;② 中国土壤温度状况可划分为冷性土壤温度状况（东北地区、青藏高原地区和内蒙古东部）、温性土壤温度状况（新疆南部、内蒙古和山西南部以及山东）和热性土壤温度状况（华中、华东、华南以及西南的云南、贵州和四川）;③ 经纬度和气温与土壤温度具有良好的响应关系,其中气温是最重要的影响因素;④ 中国60年来整体呈现温性土壤向北迁移（约46.5 km）、冷性土壤向南迁移（约43.4 km）的趋势。研究结果可为地理学、土壤学等相关领域深入研究提供一定参考,并为土壤系统分类研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本项研究选取柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖区作为研究区,筛选出了9种优势盐生植物,开展了盐生植物生长区土体颗粒、容重、含水量等物理性质指标,以及土体中HCO<sub>3</sub><sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、Cl<sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、SO<sub>4</sub><sub><sup>2-</sup></sub>、K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>、Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>、Ca<sub><sup>2+</sup></sub>和Mg<sub><sup>2+ </sup></sub>7种易溶盐离子含量试验测试,分析了区内芦苇、海韭菜等9种盐生植物茎叶和根系部分HCO<sub>3</sub><sub><sup>-</sup></sub>、Cl<sub><sup>-</sup></sub>等7种易溶盐离子含量及其分布规律。在此基础上,探讨了区内9种盐生植物对易溶盐离子吸收作用及其差异性；采用盐生植物地上茎叶部分K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>/Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>值结果,定量评价了区内9种盐生植物耐盐性及变化规律,结果表明,区内9种盐生植物茎叶部分K<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>/Na<sub><sup>+</sup></sub>比值,其由大至小依次为：小花棘豆0.84、羊齿天门冬0.58、白刺0.55、盐地风毛菊0.52、海韭菜0.50、无脉苔草0.47、洽草0.41、芦苇0.39和赖草0.34。本项研究结果,利用为尕斯库勒湖区及其周边地区,利用盐生植物有效改良土壤盐渍化方面提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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State‐led talent return migration programme and the doubly neglected ‘Malaysian diaspora’: Whose diaspora,what citizenship,whose development? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sin Yee Koh 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(2):183-200
This paper questions the assumptions of ‘diaspora’, ‘citizenship’ and ‘development’ underlying diaspora strategies targeting a specific pool of overseas Malaysian ‘talent’ migrants. I examine the Malaysian state's discursive attempts to construct a carefully contained economic ‘diaspora'—the ‘Malaysian diaspora'—through its talent return migration programme. In this process, there is a portion of the ‘Malaysian diaspora’, especially non‐bumiputeras (sons of soil), who are doubly neglected and excluded: first, from access to full and equal citizenship (which arguably contributed to their emigration in the first place); and second, from eligibility and recognition to participate in Malaysia's talent return migration programme. However, recent political activism calling for electoral reform and overseas voting rights challenges state‐constructed visions of the ‘diaspora’ and their expected roles in advancing ‘development’. This paper concludes by highlighting questions raised by the Malaysian case, linking these explicitly to how diaspora strategies—as they have been conceived, practised and contested—challenge the broader Migration and Development paradigm. 相似文献
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利用陕西黄土高原地区68个气象站降水资料,选择标准化降水指数（SPI）为干旱指标,分析了该地区最近40年（1971—2010年）的月、季、年干旱特征,在此基础上利用经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法进行了干旱分区,并分析了全年及各季节干旱站次比和干旱强度的年际变化。结果表明:EOF分解第1、2、3特征向量分别反映了陕西黄土高原地区干旱的一致变化、南-北反向分布和中部-南北反向分布的不同特点;年度干旱站次比和干旱强度有明显的阶段性分布特点,在年代之间有重-轻-重-轻的变化趋势。2001年以来,年度和夏、秋、冬季干旱强度都有不同程度降低,春季干旱有增强趋势。陕北和关中地区的春季、夏季干旱变化趋势相反,秋季、冬季干旱变化趋势一致。地区平均每年出现干旱月3.8个,几乎每年都有干旱月出现,最多的一年可出现6—9个干旱月。 相似文献
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Qian Hui Tan 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(1):94-109
This paper gathers together young smokers’ senses of present‐futures in the context of Singapore, where smoking is generally frowned upon. Accordingly, I examine how young smokers perceive and perform a multiplicity of healthful subjectivities, which is set within the context of an aggressive state‐driven pre‐emptive politics striving to nip the ‘problem’ of smoking in the bud. In providing a range of justifications for their smoking practices, young smokers have attempted to redefine their own spaces of healthfulness and happiness beyond those imposed by public health discourses. More specifically, although some of them are able to recognize the mutual imbrication of the present and future, others are more inclined to privilege the here‐and‐now over the there‐and‐then. In this way I disrupt stereotypes of young people as being only emblems of the future and as passive victims of their own irresponsibility. Rather, I argue that in responding creatively to anti‐smoking messages that propagate the inevitability of dystopic smoking destinies, young smokers play an active role in reproducing their own futural geographies. In so doing, I hope to extend critical geographical perspectives by highlighting the influence that the future can have on the spatio‐temporalities that young people experience. 相似文献
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A synthesis has been undertaken based on regionally compiled data from the post early Eocene foreland basin succession of Svalbard. The aim has been to generate an updated depositional model and link this to controlling factors. The more than kilometer thick progradational succession includes the offshore shales of the Gilsonryggen Member of the Frysjaodden Formation, the shallow marine sandstones of the Battfjellet Formation and the predominantly heterolithic Aspelintoppen Formation, together recording the progressive eastwards infill of the foredeep flanking the West Spitsbergen fold‐and‐thrust belt. Here we present a summary of the paleo‐environmental depositional systems across the basin, their facies and regional distribution and link these together in an updated depositional model. The basin‐margin system prograded with an ascending shelf‐edge trajectory in the order of 1°. The basin fill was bipartite, with offset stacked shelf and shelf‐edge deltas, slope clinothems and basin floor fans in the western and deepest part and a simpler architecture of stacked shelf‐deltas in the shallower eastern part. We suggest a foredeep setting governed by flexural loading, likely influenced by buckling, and potentially developing into a wedge top basin in the mature stage of basin filling. High‐subsidence rates probably counteracted eustatic falls with the result that relative sea‐level falls were uncommon. Distance to the source terrain was small and sedimentation rates was temporarily high. Time‐equivalent deposits can be found outbound of Stappen High in the Vestbakken Volcanic Province and the Sørvestsnaget Basin 300 km further south on the Barents Shelf margin. We cannot see any direct evidence of coupling between these more southerly systems and the studied one; southerly diversion of the sediment‐routing, if any, may have taken place beyond the limit of the preserved deposits. 相似文献