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1.
未来气候变化对淮河流域径流深的影响 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
本文运用多元回归方法,建立有关气候-径流深的数学模型,并用该模型预测在未来气候变化的15种可能情景下淮河三个代表子流域径流深的变化。结果表明:年径流深随年降水量的增加而增加,随年均温度的升高而减少;不同流域对各种气候变化的响应存在着明显的差异,反映出整个淮河流域不同自然地理条件的影响;不同季节的径流深对各种气候变化的响应也存在明显的差异,体现了季风气候对径流的影响。文章还特别关注了暖干天气组合下径流深的变化,提出这种极端气候情景对工农业生产和国民经济建设有着严重的负面影响 相似文献
2.
近50 a来黄河上游水循环要素变化分析 总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5
根据水文、气象台站观测资料,分析了黄河上游有器测资料几十年来降水、温度、径流等水循环素的变化过程与特征。结果显示,温度近几十年来流域各个地方有着不同程度的上升,与全球变暖有着明显的对应关系;而随着气温的上升,蒸发和下渗呈增加的趋势。降水变化的区域性特征十分明显,降水量的增减随地理位置不同而差异较大。受主要产流区域降水减少,气温上升的影响,黄河上游产水量呈持续递减的态势。在上述分析基础上,利用全球气候模式(GCMs)与统计模式对未来流域降水和径流的可能变化进行了预测。结果表明,未来30 a里,随着温度将进一步上升,降水量将比目前有明显增加,黄河上游的径流量将随降水量的增加而进入一个相对丰水的时期。 相似文献
3.
LAN Yongchao ZHAO Guohui ZHANG Yaonan WEN Jun HU Xinglin LIU Jinqi GU Minglin CHANG Junjie MA Jianhua 《地理学报》2010,20(6):848-860
Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959-2008. The result indicates that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50 years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff- producing area obviously decreases and the annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly. 相似文献
4.
黄河源区径流对气候变化的响应及敏感性分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Response of the runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility are analyzed based
on the measured data at the four hydrological stations and ten weather stations during the period 1959–2008. The result indicates
that change of temperature in the region has an obvious corresponding relationship with global warming and the changes of
annual average temperature in each subregion in the region have been presenting a fluctuant and rising state in the past 50
years. However the change of precipitation is more intricate than the change of temperature in the region because of the influences
of the different geographical positions and environments in various areas, and the change of annual precipitation in the main
runoff-producing area has been presenting a fluctuant and decreasing state in the past 50 years. And there is a remarkable
nonlinear correlativity between runoff and precipitation and temperature in the region. The runoff in the region has been
decreasing continuously since 1990 because the precipitation in the main runoff-producing area obviously decreases and the
annual average temperature continuously rises. As a whole, the runoff in each subregion of the headwater region of the Yellow
River is quite sensitive to precipitation change, while the runoff in the subregion above Jimai is more sensitive to temperature
change than that in the others in the region, correspondingly. 相似文献
5.
6.
气候变化情景下青海湟水流域径流变化的HIMS模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于国产HIMS(Hydro-Informatic Modeling System)模型,以青海湟水流域为研究区域,利用1986-2000年33个雨量站和8个气象站的逐日降水和气温数据,对其径流变化进行模拟;选取流域内6个水文站同期的实测径流数据,进行参数率定及验证。结果表明:HIMS模型日、月率定及验证结果良好,在湟水流域具有良好的适用性。在此基础之上,分析了湟水流域1961-2010年降水及气温的变化趋势,并对不同气候变化情景下的水文响应(径流量)进行模拟分析。结果显示气候变化对湟水流域径流量变化趋势影响显著,随气温升高和降水量的减少,径流量呈明显的减少趋势,反之,呈增加趋势。 相似文献
7.
全球气候变暖情景下黑河山区流域水资源的变化 总被引：40，自引：19，他引：21
利用有关水文气象观测资料,对全球气候变暖情景下祁连山区黑河流域水资源的变化特征、成因及趋势进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了未来各种假定气候情景下黑河山区径流变化的计算模式。分析及计算结果表明:黑河山区水资源对全球气候变暖的响应十分明显,但受其特殊地理位置的影响,水资源的变化又有着显著的地域性特征。总体上,山区的气温和降水随全球增温均呈上升和增加的趋势,且气温上升的幅度大于全球平均水平,山区径流亦随降水量的增加而增加,但增幅随着气温升高而逐渐减小,除非遭遇到比较极端的气候情景,如气温升幅与降水减幅同时出现较大值的"暖-干"气候组合或气温降幅与降水增幅的同时出现较大值的"冷-湿"气候组合等。因此,可以预计,未来几十年里黑河山区水资源量虽随着降水、气温的变化而上下波动,但变化相对稳定,其幅度基本在目前出山径流量的±10%左右范围内。 相似文献
8.
青海湖水量变化模拟及原因分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了探讨气候变化和人类活动对流域水文过程的影响,以分布式水文模型SWAT为基础,结合湖泊水量平衡模型,建立了青海湖水位(水量)模型,模拟了青海湖过去几十年水位变化过程。水文因子分析表明,20世纪80~90年代青海湖流域径流和湖泊水位变化的主要原因是气候变化。根据不同气候情景,对未来青海湖水位变化进行了预测。结果表明,未来30年径流增加的可能性比较大,青海湖水位下降速度将会减缓甚至出现上升趋势。这一结果将会缓解青海湖流域水资源日益紧张的局势,并有利于植被的恢复,减少土地沙化面积,对流域生态环境的改善和社会经济的发展将会有极大的帮助。 相似文献
9.
黄河入海径流变化及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄河入海径流是黄河水循环的重要分量,涉及整个流域,它的变化是流域气候与人类活动的综合体现。以黄河入海口利津水文站1963～2009年实测径流量年均值为基础,采用随机水文学方法,对入海径流动态变化进行了分析;结合流域内7个径流来源区的78个气象站同时段月均降水和气温数据及流域内取水量和水利工程等资料,探讨了不同径流来源区的气候因素和人类活动对入海径流量的影响。结果表明:近50年来入海实测径流量呈显着下降趋势,且存在1968年、1985年、1996年与2002年这四个突变点;入海天然径流量同样呈显着下降趋势,只有1985年一个突变点。唐乃亥以上区间的降水量、兰州至龙门区间的气温以及龙门至三门峡区间的降水和气温是引起入海天然径流量变化主要因素;气温因素的季节性变化对入海天然径流量也有影响,其中夏季降水与冬季气温是重要的因素。自20世纪70年代以来,人类活动对入海径流量的影响不断加强,且在耗水量、水土保持及水利工程等方面表现出明显的空间差异。取水量、降水、气温对黄河入海实测径流量变化的贡献率分别为42.2%、39.2%、18.6%. 相似文献
10.
选取开都河与乌鲁木齐河山区流域为研究区域,利用有关水文气象台站1960-2005年的观测资料,对研究区域的气温、降水与出山径流的变化特征及趋势进行了分析,并根据研究区域气候变化的特征与趋势及出山径流与山区降水、气温之间的关系,假定不同的气候情景组合,建立山区径流对气候变化的响应模型,以揭示天山南、北坡河流出山径流对气候变化的响应及其差异.结果表明,开都河与乌鲁木齐河山区径流与气温、降水量均呈正相关关系,受山区降水、气温持续增加和上升的影响,出山径流总体呈上升趋势,1990年代以后的升幅尤为显著;相对而言,乌鲁木齐河山区径流对降水变化更为敏感,而开都河出山径流对气温变化的敏感性略甚于气温. 相似文献
11.
The Heihe River drainage basin is one of the endangered ecological regions of China. The shortage of water resources is the bottleneck, which constrains the sustainable development of the region. Many scholars in China have done researches concerning this problem. Based on previous researches, this paper analyzed characteristics, tendencies, and causes of annual runoff variations in the Yingluo Gorge (1944–2005) and the Zhengyi Gorge (1954–2005), which are the boundaries of the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River drainage basin, by wavelet analysis, wavelet neural network model, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have principal periods of 7 years and 25 years, and its increasing rate is 1.04 m3/s·10y; (2) annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge have principal periods of 6 years and 27 years, and its decreasing rate is 2.25 m3/s·10y; (3) prediction results show that: during 2006–2015, annual runoff variations of the Yingluo and Zhengyi gorges have ascending tendencies, and the increasing rates are respectively 2.04 m3/s·10y and 1.61 m3/s·10y; (4) the increase of annual runoff in the Yingluo Gorge has causal relationship with increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches, and the decrease of annual runoff in the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific basis for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River drainage basin. 相似文献
12.
塔里木河三源流区气候变化对径流量的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
结合对近50年塔里木河源流区气象、水文资料的分析,探讨了过去半个世纪塔里木河源流区气候变化及其对河川径流的影响。研究结果显示,在过去50年里,塔里木河三源流径流流量总体呈现增加的趋势,期间有波动过程;对影响径流变化的气温、降水和蒸发等因子分析发现,降水量变化对塔里木河径流量变化影响最为显著,而温度的升高,加速了山区冰雪资源的消融,加大了冰雪融水对径流量的补给,但同时导致蒸发量增大,增加了地表淡水资源的消耗,对山区来水量的增大起到一定的削弱作用。 相似文献
13.
综合运用距平分析、连续小波变换（CWT）、交叉小波变换（XWT）、小波相干（WTC）和时滞相关性分析等方法对秦岭北坡灞河流域径流与六大气象因子进行了多尺度分析。结果表明：水文气象因子在不同时频域中存在1~4个显著性周期,且都能通过95%置信水平检验;太阳黑子数8~11.4 a的显著性周期对同时间尺度年均SOI和年均MEI的连续小波能量谱具有明显的影响;交叉小波变换和小波相干分析相结合的方法在识别水文和气象要素的共振周期、相位角变化、丰枯阶段转换、时滞性、相关性、突变与显著性检验等方面具有独特的优势;同期降水是灞河流域径流形成和变化的控制性因素,年均太阳黑子数的影响作用微乎其微,月均流量滞后月均AOI0个月或8~9个月时的相关系数绝对值达到最大,滞后月均SOI2个月或7~8个月达到最大,滞后月均MEI6~8个月达到最大。 相似文献
14.
西北地区对全球气候变化十分敏感,研究分析该地区干湿变化特征,对区域发展至关重要。本文从气象（降水、温度、蒸发）、水文（地表水、土壤湿度、陆地水储量）和植被等角度综述了近50年西北地区干湿变化特征。结果表明：西北整体气温升高,降水增加,呈暖湿化。但考虑陆面因素作用的分析表明该地区呈现东西部分化的格局。考虑蒸发因素的结果显示西部趋向暖湿化,而东部趋向暖干化。地表水资源和土壤湿度也显示西部增加、东部减少的态势。同时,西北西部植被状况正在明显改善。但陆地水储量显示,西北地区整体水资源仍十分匮乏,且处于不断减少的趋势。未来,西北地区气温仍将持续升高,降水、径流和土壤湿度也将会增加,整体向暖湿化转变。 相似文献
15.
甘肃省气温与降水变化趋势及其对主要流域径流量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于气温和降水格点资料及水文站年径流量数据,对甘肃省不同区域气候变化趋势及其与径流量的关系进行了分析。结果显示:1961-2011年,甘肃省大部地区气温呈显著升高趋势(p<0.05),而降水量则在乌鞘岭东西两侧地区存在明显的反向变化趋势。气温和降水的变化趋势对不同区域径流量起不同作用。过去51年来,在乌鞘岭以西地区,受河源区降水量增加的影响,黑河与疏勒河流域径流量有增加趋势;在乌鞘岭以东地区,由于降水量减少及气温升高,区域河流径流量以减少趋势为主。虽然气温和降水对径流量均有影响,但降水与径流量的关系更为密切。然而从长时间尺度来看,虽然甘肃省区域平均降水量无明显减少趋势,但径流量仍呈现减少趋势,可能与气温持续上升趋势带来的蒸发增强、水分损耗增加等因素有关。 相似文献
16.
开都河流域气候变化对地表水的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1IntroductionWetlands, forests and oceans are the three main ecosystems with the highest ecological values in the world. According to the data of United Nations Environment Programme in 2002, the annual production value of the wetland ecosystems per hecta… 相似文献
17.
To reveal the changing trend and annual distribution of the surface water hydrology and the local climate in the Bayanbuluk alpine-cold wetlands in the past 50 years, we used temperature, precipitation, different rank precipitation days, evaporation, water vapor pressure, relative humidity, dust storm days and snow depth to analyze their temporal variations. We conclude that there were no distinct changes in annual mean temperature, and no obvious changes in the maximum or minimum temperatures. Precipitation in warm season was the main water source in the wetlands of the study area and accounted for 92.0% of the annual total. Precipitation dropped to the lowest in the mid-1980s in the past 50 years and then increased gradually. The runoff of the Kaidu River has increased since 1987 which has a good linear response to the annual precipitation and mean temperature in Bayanbuluk alpine-cold wetland. Climate change also affected ecosystems in this area due to its direct relations to the surface water environment. 相似文献
18.
Climate change is likely to affect hydrological cycle through precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the climate change and the sensitivity of estimated evapotranspiration to each climatic variable for a semi-arid region of Beijing in North China using data set from 1951 to 2010. Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). Changes of ETo to each climatic variable was estimated using a sensitivity analysis method proposed in this study. Results show that in the past 60 years, mean temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were significantly increasing, relative humidity and sunshine hours were significantly decreasing, and wind speed greatly oscillated without a significant trend. Total precipitation was significantly decreasing in corn season (from June to September), but it was increasing in wheat season (from October to next May). The change rates of temperature, relative humidity, VPD, wind speed, annual total precipitation, sunshine hours and solar radiation were 0.42℃, 1.47%, 0.04 kPa, 0.05 m·s-1, 25.0 mm, 74.0 hours and 90.7 MJ·m-2 per decade, respectively. In the past 60 years, yearly ETo was increasing with a rate of 19.5 mm per decade, and total ETos in wheat and corn seasons were increasing with rates of 13.1 and 5.3 mm per decade, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that mean air temperature was the first key factor for ETo change in the past 60 years, causing an annual total ETo increase of 7.4%, followed by relative humidity (5.5%) and sunshine hours (-3.1%); the less sensitivity factors were wind speed (0.7%), minimum temperature (-0.3%) and maximum temperature (-0.2%). A greater reduction of total ETo (12.3%) in the past 60 years was found in wheat season, mainly because of mean temperature (8.6%) and relative humidity (5.4%), as compared to a reduction of 6.0% in ETo during corn season due to sunshine hours (-6.9%), relative humidity (4.7%) and temperature (4.5%). Increasing precipitation in the wheat season will improve crop growth, while decreasing precipitation and increasing ETo in the corn season induces a great pressure for local government and farmers to use water more efficiently by widely adopting water-saving technologies in the future. 相似文献
19.
雅鲁藏布江流域径流特性变化分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
本文采用Morlet小波对1956~2000年雅鲁藏布江流域6个站点的径流序列进行了分析,揭示了不同时间尺度下四个季节以及年平均径流量的丰枯交替特性、突变性和周期性,通过小波方差确定各序列存在的主要周期。结果表明:在15年时间尺度上,雅江流域四个季节的径流变化趋势基本一致;发生突变的年份主要在1957、1967、1976、1983、1992年;径流序列第一主周期主要以15年长周期和2年短周期为主,第二主周期以15、6、2~3年的长、中、短周期为主;秋季和冬季径流序列的周期空间分布基本一致,年平均径流序列的周期分布与夏季最为接近;除拉萨河子流域春季在2~3年尺度上处于枯水期外,其他子流域其他时段在任何时间尺度上未来几年里都将处于丰水期。 相似文献
20.
YongChao Lan ZhengYao M YongPing Shen ChengFang L Jie Song XingLin Hu HongWei Din 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0274-0280
The mountain watersheds of Kaidu River and Urumqi River, which separately originate from the south and north-side of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are selected as the study area. The characteristics and trends on variation of temperature, precipitation and runoff, and the correlativity between temperature, precipitation, and runoff were analyzed based on the past 40 years of observational data from the correlative hydrological and weather stations in the study areas. Various weather scene combinations are assumed and the response models of runoff to climate change are established in order to evaluate the sensitivity of runoff to climate change in the study areas based on the foregoing analysis. Results show that all variations of temperature, precipitation, and runoff overall present an oscillating and increasing trend since the 1960s and this increase are quite evident after 1990. There is a markedly positive correlation between mountain runoff, temperature, and precipitation while there are obvious regional differences of responding degree to precipitation and temperature between mountain runoff of Urumqi River and Kaidu River Basins. Also, mountain runoff of Urumqi River Basin is more sensitive to precipitation change than that of Kaidu River Basin, and mountain runoff of Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to temperature change than that of Urumqi River Basin. 相似文献