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1.
介形虫化石壳体被认为是反映古湖泊沉积环境的理想对象。在过去的30年,介形虫壳体的δ13C和δ18O测定已经被广泛应用到湖泊沉积古气候及古环境的重建。由于湖泊生物碳酸盐样品不同的前处理方法可能会影响到稳定同位素测试结果的重现性和辨析率以及实验室之间数据的可比性,采用有效的方法对介形虫壳体进行预处理是保证介壳稳定同位素测试的一个关键环节。在总结目前常用的湖泊生物碳酸盐稳定同位素测试样品处理方法的基础上,通过对青海湖现代和古代沉积物中介形虫的测定,讨论各种处理方法对介形虫壳体稳定同位素测试结果(δ13C和δ18O)的影响。实验表明:不同处理方法对所测介壳样品的δ13C值和δ18O值不会产生大的影响,在介壳样品的稳定同位素测试之前不需要对介壳样品进行处理。 相似文献
2.
兹格塘错是位于藏北高原腹地的封闭型湖泊,其变化过程可直接反映区域气候变化。对一支深727 cm沉积岩芯中介形虫进行了壳体同位素分析,发现介形虫壳体氧同位素变化主要取决于壳体形成时的湖水氧同位素组成和湖水温度的变化;封闭湖泊湖水的氧同位素组成主要取决于降水和蒸发比值的变化。兹格塘错介形虫壳体碳、氧同位素变化特征表明两者可能受控于不同的环境因子。介形虫壳体同位素记录反映了全新世气候环境变化的整体特征,同时对晚第四纪特征气候事件都有明确记录,包括8.2 ka冷事件、Roman暖期、中世纪暖期以及小冰期等,在响应全球气候变化的过程中又记录了区域间的差异响应。 相似文献
3.
4.
青海湖Q14B沉积物柱芯560~415 cm(约14.0~10.5 ka B.P.)段,介壳1δ8O高于无机碳酸盐1δ8O可能反映了此时青海湖表层水温高于底层水温;介壳1δ8O与无机碳酸盐1δ8O之间的较小差值可能揭示了此时青海湖水位很浅,气候干冷;介壳1δ8O变幅大于无机碳酸盐1δ8O变幅,则可能源于此时青海湖水位大幅度波动导致的底层水温变幅超过表层,以及无机碳酸盐1δ8O测自全碳酸盐所致。在利用湖泊碳酸盐1δ8O进行气候及环境变化研究时,有必要分别测试不同种属介形虫及不同无机碳酸盐矿物的同位素值。 相似文献
5.
近800年来内蒙古岱海地区古气温的定量重建 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
根据对现代湖水、现生介形类壳体以及湖泊沉积岩芯中同一种属介形类壳体的Sr/Ca分析,利用现代湖水Sr/Ca与湖水盐度的关系,确定了不同沉积时期湖水盐度;其次,在室内模拟实验,建立了湖水盐度与湖水氧同位素的函数关系;结合210Pb测定沉积速率和14C测年资料,利用沉积剖面的自生碳酸盐氧同位素及由湖水盐度推算的湖水氧同位素组成,定量恢复了不同时期的湖水温度,进而根据碳酸盐结晶时水温与年均气温关系推测了古气温。结果表明:在近800年内蒙古岱海地区的气温变化序列中,中世纪暖期、现代小冰期以及近百年增温均有明显表现。研究时段内,岱海地区中世纪暖期比当代30年的年均气温高1℃以上;在公元1240年左右突然降温过程表现特别突出,在其后约60年的时段内气温下降1.8℃;小冰期最大降温幅度2℃以上,大于华北其它地区。不同于我国西部古里雅冰芯的记录,岱海地区近百年增温程度仍没有达到中世纪暖期水平,预示气候变暖对我国西部地区的影响将大于东部。 相似文献
6.
同位素地质温度计的概念一经提出,便被应用于海洋古水温恢复。该方法被部分学者运用到湖泊领域,利用湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素记录,对古湖水温做定量研究,进而定量反演古气温。在利用湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素记录进行古温度定量研究时,需要考虑如下因素:气温对湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值变化的影响机制;介形虫Sr/Ca与古盐度的关系;湖泊沉积碳酸盐成因及种类鉴定等等,做了相应评述。 相似文献
7.
8.4 ka 以来纳木错湖芯介形类组合的环境变化意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对青藏高原中南部纳木错长332cm的NMLC1孔湖芯研究发现,沉积物的介形类动物群计有6属15种。介形类属种生态特征和组合变化分析表明这些介形类对环境条件具有敏感性,其组合能够很好地反映过去环境变化的特征。结果表明,8．4ka以来具有三个不同的环境变化时期：早期在8400～6800aBP,湖泊由浅向深发展,环境具有相对冷湿的特征：中期在6800～2500aBP,湖泊深度逐渐加大,环境经历了暖湿-冷湿-冷干的变化．其中由冷湿向冷干的转化奠定了纳木错现今环境条件的基础：晚期在2500--9aBP,湖泊深度继续增加,这个时期的较早阶段,继续保持了前一时期的冷干特点,但湖水盐度可能开始增加．较晚阶段的冷干化加剧,陆面流水的活跃性大大降低。研究发现,纳木错NMLC1钻孔介形类黑色壳体的高峰值与介形类的最大生产量相一致,并且与沉积水动力条件增强相适应．指示了这些黑壳的产生与介形类的大量繁殖处于同一阶段．并且主要为异地搬运为主。钻孔中出现大量Candona幼虫壳体．其原因可能与沉积环境的水动力条件迅速改变有关。 相似文献
8.
对前人提出的湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素组成（δ18Oc）多种环境解释模型作了评述,指出了各种模型存在的局限性。提出在利用δ18Oc变化进行气候和环境变化研究时,需注意气温对湖泊δ18Oc的影响机制,湖水不同深度层的水温差异对化学沉积和介壳碳酸盐δ18Oc的影响δ18Oc和湖泊水位、降水δ18Oc、湖水盐度的关系,碎屑和自生碳酸盐矿物的分离,湖泊不同碳酸盐矿物间δ18Oc差值的确定,单矿物同位素组成的测试,不同前处理方法对δ18Oc测定的影响,以及碳酸盐沉积时的不平衡效应等问题。 相似文献
9.
利用黄旗海冬季坚固的冰封面作为稳固的司钻平台 ,在湖泊中央成功地获取了高质量的湖底连续沉积岩芯。对其中长 1 1m的HQH4岩芯中的介形类化石进行了属种古生态和壳体稳定同位素研究。结果显示 ,在 1 0 2 0 0aB .P .前后黄旗海进入了稳定的湖泊阶段。在此之前 ,介形类的丰度极低。介形类的最大丰度出现在 1 0 2 0 0 -680 0aB .P .,反映了早全新世期间黄旗海较高的生物生产率。在此期间 ,介壳的δ18O值的变化范围较大 ,反映了黄旗海水体氧同位素组成在全新世早期的变幅较大。从 680 0aB .P .起 ,介形类的丰度突然大幅度降低 ,介壳δ18O值随后降低 ,反映了中全新世黄旗海湖水变深 ,湖底还原性显著增强。从 3 2 0 0aB .P .起 ,湖泊水位显著下降 ,湖底氧化条件明显增强 ,介形类的丰度继续下降 ,直到大约 1 3 0 0aB .P .才出现回升 相似文献
10.
150年来青藏高原南红山湖的介形类与环境变化 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
青藏高原西北部南红山湖2孔湖芯沉积物中的介形类动物群计有4属4种,据其分布特征划分出5个组合,各组合间的差异表现在介形类动物群丰度和每个种的丰度变化以及特征种的出现。通过分析介形类属种生态特征和组合变化对150年来的南红山湖环境变化进行了探讨。分析结果表明:1884年前为有缓慢水流注入的滨岸浅水期;1885～1970年间为湖水相对温暖期,在这期间湖泊环境仍有次一级的变化,其中,1885～1905年湖面迅速抬升,水深增大,水温也较高,1923～1944年为湖水温度另一个稍高期,1961～1969年湖面再次出现明显上升;1970年以来湖泊退缩、咸化。 相似文献
11.
Trace-element and stable-isotope geochemistry of non-marine ostracod shells in Quaternary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Jonathan A. Holmes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):223-235
Ostracods are small bivalved aquatic crustancean. They secrete shells of low-Mg calcite that are often preserved in lake sediments. Recent work has shown that the uptake of trace elements (especially Mg and Sr) into the shell may be a function of the salinity and temperature of the host water. Furthermore, ostracod shells are a source of carbonate for stable-isotope analysis. This paper reviews the application of ostracod shell chemistry to Quaternary palaeolimnology. Although such work has revealed the excellent potential of these techniques to provide quantitative palaeolimnological reconstructions, a number of problems have also emerged. These problems relate to (1) methods used for extraction of ostracod shells from sediment and their subsequent cleaning (2) post-mortem diagenesis and alteration of the shell (3) complications with the calcification mechanism (4) spatial and temporal variability in shell composition (5) the ecological tolerances of individual species and (6) the relationships between shell chemistry and palaeohydrology. To some extent, these problems are an inevitable outcome of the diversity of lacustrine systems: they may be overcome by developing a thorough understanding of the physiology, life-cycle and ecology of the species concerned, together with the modern limnology of the study site. Overall, these techniques have excellent potential in Quaternary palaeolimnology, especially when used with other palaeoenvironmental indicators. 相似文献
12.
K. W. Keatings I. Hawkes J. A. Holmes R. J. Flower M. J. Leng R. H. Abu-Zied A. R. Lord 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(2):261-283
The utility of ostracod-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction was evaluated using instrumental data for Lake Qarun, Egypt.
The euryhaline ostracod Cyprideis torosa was the only species found in the lake’s recent sediment record. This species is known to tolerate salinity levels and water
solute compositions that may prevent colonisation by other species. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of ostracod carbonate
from lake sediments covary with changes in instrumental values for lake level and salinity for the period 1890–1974. δ13C-values correlate negatively with lake water salinity (r
2 = 0.87) and δ18O-values correlate negatively with measured lake level changes (r
2 = 0.41). Other ostracod proxy data provide qualitative information on lake level trends. Fossil assemblage data (juvenile/adult
and valve/carapace ratios and valve preservation) provide information on wave energy. Ecophenotypic variation of C. torosa valves provided some useful palaeolimnological information. Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios in ostracods were not found to reflect
water composition, due to the uncoupling of these ratios with salinity in Lake Qarun. Overall, our results highlight the need
to calibrate ostracod proxy data in modern systems prior to their use for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. 相似文献
13.
Stable isotopes and trace elements in modern ostracod shells: implications for reconstructing past environments on the Tibetan Plateau,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nicole Börner Bart De Baere Lailah Gifty Akita Roger Francois Klaus Peter Jochum Peter Frenzel Liping Zhu Antje Schwalb 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,58(2):191-211
Stable isotopes and trace elements in ostracod shells have been used widely in paleolimnological investigations of past lake hydrochemistry and climate because they provide insights into past water balance and solute evolution of lakes. Regional differences in lake characteristics and species-specific element fractionation, however, do not permit generalization of results from other regions or ostracod species to the southern Tibetan Plateau, in part because most common taxa from the southern Tibetan Plateau are endemic to the area. This study evaluated relations between present-day environmental conditions and the geochemical composition of modern ostracod shells from the southern Tibetan Plateau, to assess the suitability of using shell chemistry to infer hydrological conditions. We studied nine lakes and their catchments, located along a west–east transect in the south-central part of the Tibetan Plateau. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values and trace element concentrations in recent shells from the four most abundant ostracod species (Leucocytherella sinensis, ?Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Limnocythere inopinata, Tonnacypris gyirongensis) were measured, together with hydrochemical properties of host waters at the time of sampling. Results revealed significant between-species differences in stable isotope fractionation and trace element incorporation into shell calcite. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values of ostracod shells were correlated significantly with the stable isotope composition of the respective water body \( \left( {\updelta^{18} {\text{O}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} \,{\text{and }}\updelta^{13} {\text{C}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} } \right) \), reflecting salinity and productivity, respectively. Offsets between δ18Oshell and δ13Cshell and inorganic calcite, the latter representing isotopic equilibrium, suggest shell formation of T. gyirongensis during spring melt. L. sinensis reproduces throughout the monsoon season until September and shows several consecutive generations, and L. inopinata molts to the adult stage after the monsoon season in August/September. The influence of pore water δ13C was displayed by L. inopinata, suggesting shell calcification within the sediment. Mg/Cashell is primarily influenced by water Mg/Ca ratios and salinity and confirms the use of this shell ratio as a proxy for precipitation-evaporation balance and lake level. In addition, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used to infer changes in salinity, at least in closed-basin lakes with calcite saturation. Observed effects of water Sr/Ca and salinity on Sr/Ca incorporation are biased by the presence of aragonite precipitation in the lakes, which removes bioavailable Sr from the host water, resulting in low Sr/Cashell values. Changes in carbonate mineralogy affect the bioavailability of trace elements, a process that should be considered in paleoclimate reconstructions. Oxygen isotopes and Mg/Cashell ratios were unaffected by water temperature. Positive correlations among Fe/Ca, Mn/Ca and U/Ca in ostracod shells, and their negative correlation with δ13C, which reflects organic matter decay, show the potential to infer changes in redox conditions that can be used to reconstruct past oxygen supply to bottom waters and thus past water-circulation changes within lakes. The intensity of microbial activity, associated with organic matter decomposition, can be inferred from U/Ca ratios in ostracod shells. These findings highlight the value of fossil ostracod records in lake deposits for inferring paleoenvironmental conditions on the southern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
14.
Jonathan A. Holmes Patrick A. Fothergill F. Alayne Street-Perrott R. Alan Perrott 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,20(4):369-380
The ostracod record from Kajemarum Oasis in the Sahel zone of Northeastern Nigeria covers the last c. 4000 cal. years of a 5500 cal. year lake-sediment sequence. The first appearance of ostracods, around 4000 cal. yr BP, reflects the switch from a very dilute lake during the mid-Holocene, to slightly oligosaline conditions that favoured the occurrence and preservation of ostracods. Between 3800 and 3100 cal. yr BP, the lake remained permanent and fresh or slightly oligosaline, with a Ca-Mg-HCO3 composition. A rise in salinity c. 3100 cal. yr BP, accompanied by a change to more variable conditions on a seasonal to interannual timescale, led to the influx of more-euryhaline taxa. Oligosaline conditions continued between 3100 and 1500 cal. yr BP. Around 1500 cal. yr BP, there was a sharp rise in salinity, probably accompanied by a shift to Na-CO3-type water, with marked seasonal and interannual variability. Salinity decreased after 900 cal. yr BP, although short-term variations were marked between 900 cal. yr BP and the top of the sequence, 95 cal. yr BP. Changes in the species assemblages and ostracod abundance were a response to climate-driven variations in the seasonal and interannual stability of the lake, together with changes in its salinity and solute composition, but there is no simple relationship between ostracod faunas and salinity. Within Kajemarum, there is no evidence of ostracod assemblages typical of deep, fresh water, nor of hypersaline Na-Cl waters. The sediments associated with the freshest waters at Kajemarum did not favour ostracod preservation, and the driest climatic conditions were associated with oligosaline to mesosaline water of Na-CO3-type. The species-poor assemblages reflect the short-term instability of the lake, coupled with the limited opportunities for the colonisation of this isolated basin. 相似文献
15.
A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assemblages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of climate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present environment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simultaneous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abundance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment. 相似文献
16.
A 332-cm long lacustrine core was drilled in the Nam Co in the central-southern part of the Tibetan Plateau. From the core, 15 species of ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda), which belong to 6 genera have been identified. According to the variations of the ostracod assem-blages and the ostracods ecological features, which are sensitive to the changing environ-ment, three main stages can be distinguished as follows: Stage I was from 8400 to 6800 a BP, during which the climate was cold-humid, and the lake depth changed from shallow to deep. Stage II was from 6400 to 2500 a BP, during which the climate changed from warm-humid to cold-humid, and then to cold-dry. The lake depth gradually became deep. The shifting of cli-mate, from wet-cold to dry-cold during this period, had constructed the basis of present en-vironment in the Nam Co. Stage III was from 2500 a BP to the present, which showed a trait of lake depth increasing. At the earlier period of this stage, the climate kept as cold-dry as that in the former stage, but the salinity of the lake increased. At the later period of this stage, the degree of cold-dry was enhanced, and the activities of land surface runoff tended to be weakened. Our research also found that the peak values of ostracods with black shell was coherent with the maximum production of the ostracods, and agreed with the increasing sedimentary water dynamics. This indicated that the ostracods with black shell was simulta-neous with the high prolificacy of ostracod, and transported from other places. The abun-dance of Candona juvenile shells reflected the high mortality of that kind of ostracods under an unfavorable condition. This was probably a result of the rapid change of water dynamics of sedimentary environment. 相似文献
17.
We established the relationships between water chemistry changes in a pool fed by a permanent spring and seasonal variations in trace-element contents (Sr & Mg) in the shells of the ostracod species Herpetocypris intermedia, based on monthly collections of ostracod and water samples. The water chemistry of the investigated pool (Maïques, Valëncia, Spain) was dominated by calcium and bicarbonate, and showed marked seasonal variation in alkalinity, Ca2+ content, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Although the variability in the water chemistry was relatively low (~10% relative standard deviation over the entire period), the trace-element contents in the ostracod shells tracked the seasonal change in the water chemistry of Maïques pool. Moreover, due to the rapid renewal of H. intermedia population, this species is able torecord in its shells the evolution of the water chemistry at a monthly time scale. Our results also showed that, in the Maïques pool system, ostracod Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios increased with the decrease in water salinity.To our knowledge, this is the first geochemical study of ostracods dwelling in spring environments. The results of this study may be applied to paleohydrological reconstruction using ostracods preserved in sediments deposited around springs (i.e. travertine and tufa deposits). 相似文献
18.
Steffen Mischke Ulrich Bößneck Bernhard Diekmann Ulrike Herzschuh Huijun Jin Annette Kramer Bernd Wünnemann Chengjun Zhang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(3):589-608
A calibration data set of 51 surface sediment samples from Lake Donggi Cona on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was investigated
to study the relationship between sub-fossil ostracod assemblages and water depth. Samples were collected over a depth range
from 0.6 to 80 m. A total of 16 ostracod species was identified from the lake with about half of the species restricted to
the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain ranges and poorly known in terms of ecological preferences, and the other half
displaying a mainly Holarctic distribution. Living macrophytes and macroalgae were recorded in Lake Donggi Cona down to a
depth of about 30 m, and bivalve (Pisidium cf. zugmayeri) and gastropod (Gyraulus, Radix) shells were found down to depths of 43 and 48 m, respectively. The ostracod-water-depth relationship was assessed by multivariate
statistical analysis and ostracod-based transfer functions for water depth were constructed. Weighted averaging partial least
squares (WA-PLS) regression provided the best model with a coefficient of determination r
2 of 0.91 between measured and ostracod-inferred water depth, a root mean square error of prediction of 8% and a maximum bias
of 10.6% of the gradient length, as assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. Our results show the potential of ostracods
as palaeo-depth indicators in appropriate settings. However, transfer-function applications using fossil ostracod assemblages
for palaeo-depth estimations require a thorough understanding of the palaeolimnological conditions of lakes and therefore
detailed multi-proxy analysis to avoid misinterpretation of ostracod-based inferences. 相似文献
19.
The last 42,000 years of hydrological history of Lake Frome, a large playa located in the arid part of northern South Australia, which is hypersaline and most often dry today, is reconstructed using a combination of ostracod assemblages, other microfossil remains, and the trace elemental composition of the selected halobiont ostracod species of Diacypris and Reticypris.The Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca of ostracod valves from 2 cores relate to significant hydrological changes that affected the lake over time. The reconstruction of the Sr/Ca of the lake’s waters, based on the Sr/Ca of ostracod shells, shows that when the lake fills the waters originate mostly from runoff, not from hypersaline waters located below the lake or the surrounding aquifers. The Last Glacial Maximum saw gypsum deflation from the lake.Prior to 25K yBP, Frome had a stable hydrological regime, permanent water and low salinities, with occasional freshwater conditions between 42 and 33K yBP. From 25 to 20.3K yBP, salinities fluctuated and ephemeral conditions operated. After that, until ∼14.8K yBP, a brine pool was located below the lake and was therefore under a different hydrological regime. Between 13 and 11.2K yBP, wet conditions occurred, but such conditions were not seen again during the Holocene. 相似文献
20.
Jonathan A. Holmes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,19(2):115-128
Two assemblages typify the ostracod fauna of a 9.23 meter core taken from Wallywash Great Pond, a small perennial freshwater marl lake in Jamaica. The first, dominated by Cypretta brevisaepta, lived in deep water, similar to present-day conditions. The second, dominated by Candonopsis sp., reflects the existence of a shallower lake. The core has a basal date of c. 125 kaBP. Four inferred deep-water phases occurred in the period 125–93.5 kaBP with periods of inferred shallower water in between. The lake was dry between 93.5 kaBP and c. 10 kaBP as suggested by the absence of ostracods or fossils of other aquatic organisms. Ostracod faunal evidence indicates that there have been three highstands and two lowstands of the lake during the Holocene, although ostracods are not preserved in the organic mud and lignite that formed under swampy conditions as the basin filled at the start of the Holocene and during part of the two subsequent lowstands of the lake. A major hydrological perturbation, associated with the flooding of the nearby Black River catchment around 1.2 kaBP, caused an increase in the ostracod species diversity of the Great Pond, although this was relatively short lived and the lake attained a faunal composition similar to present around 1 kaBP. Major variations in ostracod assemblages in the core thus represent lake-level changes and accord well with previously-published interpretations of water depth based on lithofacies variation and stable oxygen isotope ratios in authigenic carbonates. 相似文献