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1.
云南元谋干热河谷土地退化及其防治对策*   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
崔书红 《地理研究》1995,14(1):66-71
本文探讨了云南元谋干热河谷土地退化的特点、分布及其危害,提出了加强基础教育、控制人口增长、改革耕作制度、继续农业基础设施建设、因地制宜发展林业和农业等于热河谷土地退化防治对策。  相似文献   

2.
宁南干热河谷内共有种子植物81科276属115种。当地拥有全部15类种子植物区系地理成分,其中以热带性质的属占优势,全热带分布的类型就有81属,比值32.0%,当地植物区系起源古老,与外地植物区系联系广泛。宁南(金沙江)干热河谷植物区系是热带植物界在当地的残存,并逐步演化而成。  相似文献   

3.
元谋干热河谷近50年分季节降水变化的DFA分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
运用消除趋势波动分析法(DFA)分析元谋干热河谷1956~2006年分季节降水量变化趋势,对1978~2006年进行滑移分析.结果表明,元谋干热河谷分季节降水量时间序列至少在50 a的尺度上具有微弱的Hurst效应:夏、冬季具有较弱的长期持续性及较强的随机性,春、秋季具有较弱的反持续性.植被生物量和盖度的年际和季节变化所引起的下垫面性质改变,是干热河谷分季节降水量变化的重要原因.元谋干热河谷降水量的变化对当地植被恢复和农业生产活动等具有较强的指导意义.  相似文献   

4.
以云南省元谋县为例,集成3S技术,对多期Landsat-TM数据进行土地利用/土地覆被信息提取及建立数据库,采用单一土地利用/土地覆被动态度和综合土地利用/土地覆被动态度指标,分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被结构变化规律,提出基于生态环境建设的金沙江干热河谷区土地利用优化对策。并结合DEM数据分析分析金沙江干热河谷区土地利用/土地覆被垂直分异及其变化规律,结果表明:1.草地和林地是土地利用/土地覆被的主体,但林地以疏林地为主,草地以低、中覆盖度草地为主,具有相当大的敏感性和脆弱性;2.土地利用较为粗放,如水浇地占耕地、人工草地占草地及城乡建设用地占总用地面积的比例等相对较低;3.土地利用/土地覆被结构发生了较快的变化,耕地、草地、水域、未利用土地面积有所减少,而林地、城乡建设用地面积增长较快;4.低山区和中低山区为以林草地为主、耕地亦有一定比例的类农林牧交错带,是干热河谷区生态环境最脆弱的地带。  相似文献   

5.
青藏高原东南缘干热河谷中广泛发育黄土或黄土状土,是解读中国西南季风、干热河谷环境演变与高原隆升关系的良好载体,但目前尚无关于其成因、形成时代和古气候意义的系统研究。通过对金沙江干热河谷华弹段中黄土状土的空间分布、粒度特征、化学风化指数以及沉积速率的分析,发现该区黄土状土拔河越高,粒径越小,沉积速率越低;结合前人物源示踪研究成果,证实黄土状土来源于金沙江谷底的河漫滩沉积和古堰塞湖沉积,局地山谷风环流为其提供搬运动力。磁性地层学分析显示黄土状土地层全为正极性,剖面中未出现B/M界线,结合光释光测年结果,确定金沙江干热河谷华弹段中的黄土状土形成于中更新世中期以来。通过与同河段的古堰塞湖沉积形成时代进行对比,发现黄土状土的形成时代稍晚于同河段古堰塞湖相沉积大量堆积的时代。金沙江河谷中黄土状土与古堰塞湖相沉积在时空上的紧密关联性表明,滑坡堰塞事件控制着金沙江干热河谷中黄土状土物源的丰富程度,是影响金沙江深切河谷中黄土状土形成与沉积过程的主要因素。黄土状土的粒度与化学风化指数结果表明358 ka BP以来,该段河谷中古环境气候发生过明显冷干-暖湿波动,并在冰期-间冰期尺度上响应全球气候变化。  相似文献   

6.
半干旱区植被恢复与岩土性质   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
文章分析了半干旱区不同岩土组成的坡地的土壤水份特征及对植被类型的影响,阐述了黄土高原地区森林分布与黄土厚度的关系,给出了云南元谋干热河答阶地砾石层、泥岩、片岩组成的荒山的植被恢复实例。  相似文献   

7.
宫阿都  何毓蓉 《山地学报》2001,19(3):213-219
云南金沙江干热河谷区是我国典型的土壤退化区域。通过分析土壤机械组成、团聚体及微团聚体组成、孔隙分布状况等指标,探讨了土壤结构对土壤退化的影响机制。研究发现:1.采用分散率、侵蚀率、团聚度、团聚状况、结构体破坏率、受蚀性指数EVA、孔隙度等量化指标可以较好反映土壤退化程度;2.土壤颗粒分散特性、土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性、土壤孔隙度是土壤结构稳定性评价的三个重要方面,也可反映土壤退化特征。  相似文献   

8.
金沙江干热河谷区攀枝花市土地退化初探   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张建平  刘淑珍 《中国沙漠》1998,18(2):149-153
金沙江河谷区由于河谷深切、焚风效应显著、气候干热、生态环境脆弱,加上人类活动的强烈干扰,使水土流失加剧及土地退化甚至荒漠化的发生和发展。位于金沙江干热河谷的攀枝花市土地退化面积占本市总面积的49.1%,轻度、中度、强度和极强度退化土地面积分别占总土地面积的37.2%、8.2%、3.2%和0.5%。土地退化使土层变薄、肥力下降、土地生产力降低,破坏水利设施、影响水利工程效益,加剧自然灾害。土地退化的防冶对策为:制定正确的土地退化防治政策;严格控制人口增长;加强宣传,提高农民群众的生态意识;保护现有森林,加强植树造林;巩固与加强农田水利基本建设。  相似文献   

9.
论述了金沙江干热河谷(云南段)土地资源数量、质量及其农业开发潜力,并提出其开发利用途径及合理布局建议,供该区农业综合开发和研究参考.  相似文献   

10.
金沙江干热河谷区泥石流易发性评价模型及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈剑  黎艳  许冲 《山地学报》2016,(4):460-467
金沙江上游奔子栏-昌波河段属典型的干热河谷区,气候干热少雨,但泥石流灾害发生频繁。采用指标熵模型对干热河谷区泥石流的影响因子进行敏感性分析,最后筛选出流域地貌熵值、岩土类型、坡向、坡度、植被归一化指数、月均降雨量等6个因子作为泥石流的易发性评价因子。将研究区划分为217个小流域,以流域单元为评价单元,采用权重系数法建立了泥石流的易发性评价模型,并利用该模型制作易发性分区图。分区结果表明:研究区泥石流极高易发区和高易发区主要分布在北部的昌波-贡波段、中东部的徐龙-曲雅贡段和南部的金沙江沿岸。极高易发区和高易发区面积占研究区总面积的36.4%,两区内的泥石流流域面积占泥石流总流域面积的58%。经检验泥石流的预测成功率为69.6%。  相似文献   

11.
Land use changes in mountainous regions were greatly enhanced as the rapid development of economy due to the expanded population in developing countries. Acting geographically as the basic unit of mountainous regions, valleys are the primary sites of economic activities. Therefore optimization of land use policy in valleys is of critical important to the sustainable development in mountainous regions. On the basis of land use data in 1995 and 2012, this study explored the changes of land use according to the assessment of varied topographic factors (i.e., altitude and slope) in typical valleys of the Beijing mountainous regions, China. Our results showed that the valley is an efficiently geographical unit to evaluate land use changes in mountainous regions. We also found that major land use changes in mountainous regions of Beijing from 1995 to 2012 were the dramatic losses of grassland to the cultivated and construction lands, while most of these changes took place at the altitude of 0-400m and the slope of 6-15°. Considering the ever increasing economic development in Beijing mountainous regions, the increases of the construction and cultivated lands are inevitable, however, the great changes at a steeper slope imply the need to tailor land use structure coming into line with topographic factors, and suggesting ecological barriers and water conservation must be exercised in the developments of these areas.  相似文献   

12.
A solar-radiation-based water balance model has been developed for use in sloping arid and semiarid lands. This model consists of equations for the calculation of direct beam, diffuse, and global radiation values from local values of extraterrestrial radiation, percent possible sunshine, latitude, declination of the sun, atmospheric pressure, and slope; an adaptation of the Makkink formula for calculation of evapotranspiration; and a modification of the Thornthwaite and Mather method for determining the soil moisture. Calculated global radiation values are within 4% of the measured values provided in the Climatic Atlas of the United States. Water balances determined for several mountainous sites show significant variation with slope and aspect.  相似文献   

13.
滇西北的怒江、迪庆两州地处云南省高寒高山峡谷区,地形破碎而陡峻,耕地稀缺,陡坡种植业占有很高的比重。由于人口的增长,陡坡耕地仍将作为该地区的主要耕地长期存在。这种传统的耕种方式已对环境产生了深刻的负效应。本文根据其生存条件和利用现状就通过改良以取得持续利用的方向和途径作了初步探讨。  相似文献   

14.
中国干旱区土地沙砾化过程的空气流压场分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
在野外调查和资料分析的基础上,应用空气流压场原理,矢量分析法,分析了我国干旱地区不同地貌类型分区的土地沙砾化过程,及其所导致的风蚀,风积地形的分布规律,高山地区,风蚀风积地形从山顶到山木麓呈带状分布,在平坦地区,随气流强弱,扰动,就地就近起沙,形成了低缓沙丘,河湖淤泥平原,土地干裂迭加风力,形成了残丘雅丹地形,在丘陵地区的迎风坡为土地砾化,背风坡为沙化。  相似文献   

15.
乔木的斜向支撑效能及其坡面稳定意义   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
周跃  骆华松  徐强  陈晓平 《山地学报》2000,18(4):306-312
以滇中地区的松林为例,初步定量探讨了乔木对顺坡有的浅层土壤的斜向支撑作用。研究,树根可能提供的锚固力可达0.69kN;在有效的锚固作用下,单株树干的支撑力(抗滑力)最高为0.42kN,平均为0.17kN;受斜向支撑作用的影响,本来不稳定的浅层松散物质的稳定性系数F值,由0.54提高到1.10,使坡面成为稳定斜坡。如果在特定条件下,树根的锚固力全部转化为支撑力,坡面的F值可以达到2.82。  相似文献   

16.
Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oasis- and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.  相似文献   

17.
Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oasis- and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.  相似文献   

18.
中国干旱区地表水与地下水的转化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
汤奇成 《地理研究》1990,9(2):51-57
地表水与地下水的转化是中国干旱区水文的主要特征之一。本文按山区和平原两部分阐明地表水与地下水转化的特点,并对水资源作了估算。  相似文献   

19.
何世水 《中国沙漠》1985,5(4):18-24
本文通过小流域径流农业系统的合理布局、最佳结构形式以及防洪、防淤的试验研究。根据坡地径流理论,建立坡地表面径流平衡方程,计算了坡面不同技术处理的多年平均流量。降雨集存系统和保水技术对于改善干旱地区生态环境,加速某些地区的沙漠化综合治理,对封闭农业环境进行人工调控,为干旱地区创造成本低、质量高的新水源等提供科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
坡耕地水土流失与可持续利用图是综合表示滇东北山区各个坡耕地单元的水土流失状况及其可持续利用的专题地图。该图表示的基本内容是坡耕地类型、土壤类型、坡度级别、侵蚀强度、可持续利用程度、合理利用方向与措施。以土壤流失方程为基础,应用地理信息系统编制了该图。该图的编制为治理本区坡耕地水土流失、合理利用坡耕地资源提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

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