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粒度分析在塔克拉玛干沙漠研究中的应用 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：18
本文重点探讨了塔克拉玛干沙漠的风成沙粒度组成特征及其与物源的关系，同时对沙丘的下伏地层沙、现代河流沙及丘间地沙的粒度组成也进行了对比。通过对该沙漠第四纪沉积物的粒度分析，证实了风成沙的粒度分布以极细沙为主，不含粗沙，粉沙含量极小；粒度组合、分选主要受营力和源区物质制约，结果使粒度空间分布形成格局。总之，通过粒度分析得到一系列量化指征，可为研究风沙流运动，探讨沉积环境和改造沙漠、发展沙产业提供理论依据。 相似文献
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本文通过对新疆伊犁塔克尔穆库尔沙漠砂的粒度分析和矿物鉴定,并结合野外实地资料,探明了沙漠砂的来源与特征,分析结果表明:该区沙漠中,两种不同成因类型的沙——水成沙和风成沙在粒度特征上有较明显的差异,后者在某种程度上仍保留着前者的痕迹。两者所含矿物种类相同,其中各类矿物所占比例大致相似,表面结构也无显著区别,证明该两种不同类型沙在本质上是相互联系的,来自同一物源。水成沙是源于天山山脉,流经伊犁盆地,汇于伊犁河谷的水系搬运而来;风成沙是在本区沙漠形成过程中,由水成沙进行短距离搬运经不同程度的改造而成。 相似文献
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青藏铁路格尔木-拉萨段风成沙物源及其粒度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏铁路格尔木-拉萨段沿线地表松散沉积物广泛分布,为风沙活动的产生提供了丰富的物质来源。地表松散沉积物按成因分为现代风成沙,河流冲积物,古风成沙和洪积、湖积沉积物。粒度分析结果显示,格-拉段沿线风沙物质（沙丘沙、防沙体系积沙）样品（56个）平均粒径变化于1.29～3.25 Φ之间,均值2.36 Φ（0.19 mm）。平均粒径在2～3 Φ（0.25～0.125 mm）之间的样品占总数的78.57%。粒度组成以细沙为主（65.20%）,其次是中沙（20.53%）,0.5～0.1 mm范围重量百分比在49.44%～99.67%之间,平均为85.98%。在所有样品中,细沙和中沙合计在90%以上者占样品总数的55.36%。极细沙平均含量为7.99%,粗沙平均含量为5.50%。样品整体分选程度较好,标准偏差σ1在0.3～1.26之间,平均为0.58。偏度变化在-0.41到 0.36之间,样品中以正态分布为主,占53.57%;正偏者占12.50%;负偏者占19.64%;极负偏和极正偏各占7.14%。KG值变化于0.56～1.24,平均为1.00,为中等峰态。KG值在0.90～1.11之间者占71.43%。粒度分析表明,不同来源沙物质粒度特征有明显的差别,能很好地反映其形成过程和环境特征。 相似文献
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中国北方农牧交错带鄂尔多斯高原段土壤表层粒度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤粒度是描述土壤性质的重要参数，研究农牧交错带土壤表层粒度对土壤质量和沙化程度评价具有科学意义。对不同沉积物类型及土地利用方式土壤表层（0~5 cm深度）粒度进行分析。结果表明：（1）沙黄土、覆沙黄土残积物、风化残积物中粉粒最多，其次为极细砂和细砂，这3个粒级含量之和表现为沙黄土（96.51%） > 覆沙黄土残积物（88.29%） > 风化残积物（77.58%）；风成沙土壤表层以细砂（53.85%）和中砂（26.13%）为主。（2）平均粒径由小到大依次为沙黄土（4.78Φ）、覆沙黄土残积物（4.62Φ）、风化残积物（3.80Φ）、风成沙（2.46Φ）；分选性由差到好依次为风化残积物、覆沙黄土残积物、沙黄土、风成沙；偏度呈现为正偏或极正偏；峰值表明风成沙（2.30）粒径分布最为集中。（3）同一地表沉积物中，砾石和极粗砂等粗颗粒在农田较多，粉粒在草地较多，极细砂在林地较多；风成沙中，粉粒在固定沙丘略多，细砂在半固定沙丘较多，砾石、极粗砂等粗颗粒仅在流动沙丘地中分布。（4）土壤颗粒分形维数表现为沙黄土（2.5242） > 覆沙黄土残积物（2.4373） > 风化残积物（2.3554） > 风成沙（2.2815）；地表沉积物类型不同，表层土壤分形维数与粒级含量相关性有着明显差异。 相似文献
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南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙的对比及关系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广泛分布于南海北部大陆架的残留风成沙,在形态、粒度、石英沙粒表面微结构、矿物组成及浅地层剖面等方面总体上具备风成沉积特征。同时,南海北部沙质海岸多处发育的晚更新世古风成沙,在粒度、沉积构造与结构等方面亦有明显的风成沉积特征。二者构成的风沙地貌体发育具有同期性、形态有相似性、空间分布有大陆架向海岸带延伸的连续性。由此表明,南海北部大陆架与毗邻沙质海岸的沙源有同源性,沉积环境有类比性。据此可以认为,南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙为近源沉积成因系列,二者为同期同相连续性沉积。 相似文献
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古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土粒度分布的空间异质性 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
系统采集古尔班通古特沙漠南部典型地段纵向沙垄和垄间地浅层风沙土(0～30 cm)样184件,运用常规粒度分析和地统计分析方法研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位风沙土粒度组成、分布特征及空间变异。结果显示:风沙土机械组成的优势粒级是细沙和极细沙,不同地貌部位粒级组成差异明显。粘土和粉沙的含量为垄间地高于沙垄,背风坡高于迎风坡和垄顶。极细沙和细沙的含量是迎风坡最高,垄顶最低。中沙、粗沙和极粗沙的含量则是垄间地低于沙垄,垄顶最高。风沙土粗物质粒径φ1和平均粒径Mz从垄间地→背风坡→迎风坡→垄顶均由细变粗,分选系数σ则由差变好。同时,φ1、Mz和σ具有中等-强空间自相关性,其空间相关范围(变程)大小顺序为φ1<σ相似文献
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沙漠/沙地中沉积物的粒度是物源及各种地表过程长期作用的结果。研究沉积物粒度特征对认识沙漠/沙地形成演变和防沙治沙具有重要意义。本文对浑善达克沙地不同类型沉积物进行了详细采样,对其进行粒度和端元分析。结果表明,浑善达克沙地风成沙受风力分选作用影响,平均粒径和分选系数沿盛行风向存在显著变化趋势。偏度和峰度的空间格局较为复杂,可能与局地物源、沉积环境和植被覆盖等因素有关。端元分析结果显示,风成沙含有6个端元（EM）,其中EM1与沙地西部湖相沉积露头有关;EM2来自松散的河湖相沉积物,在风力作用下呈现显著空间变化;EM3是风成沙的主要物质来源,与河流携带的碎屑物质有关;EM4可能来源于周围山体的冲洪积物;EM5和EM6粒度最粗,与间冰期河湖相沉积物中的粗粒组分相似。浑善达克沙地沉积物粒度特征表明,风成沙主要来自沙地附近不同时期的河湖相沉积物,远源贡献较少。沙地西部是风成沙的主要源区,在风力作用下较细组分的风成沙向沙地中东部运移,而沙地南缘和东缘河流也为其邻近区域贡献了沙源。本文研究说明,通过高密度采样并结合端元分析,沉积物粒度可解决地表过程复杂的沙漠地区风沙物源识别问题。 相似文献
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花海湖泊全新世古风成砂的发现及其古环境解释 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过野外调查和室内分析,发现在花海剖面全新世出现了三次风成沙沉积,并对其原因进行了初步分析。初步认为风成沙的细粒组分可能主要为近源湖相,而粗粒组分则为沙漠戈壁区吹来。前两次风成沙在形成时代上可能与第一新冰期相对应,反映了沙漠的扩张状态。而且分析表明第一风沙形成期的冬季风强度和沙漠化过程似要比第二风沙期强,持续时间长。本区在全新世人类大规模活动之前就曾存在两次明显的沙漠化扩张过程,这为研究区域土地退化、荒漠化等问题提供了自然背景,特别是对西部大开发战略重点之一的生态环境保护与建设具有特殊的意义。 相似文献
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北京地区沙物质的重矿物成分、结构特征与风沙的沙物质来源 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
北京地区不同类型的风成沙经重矿物成分、特征进行详细分析鉴定表明,与本区河床沙、平原堆积物和坡积物均很相似,与河床沙更为接近.但与区外沙漠沙丘砂的重矿物成分资料对比,差异较大.研究表明:1)本区河床沙与沙丘沙重矿物含量相对较高;2)本区沙丘沙与河床沙中,辉石,尤其紫辉石含量相对较高;3).本区沙物质中不稳定矿物与较稳定矿物含量高,重矿物磨圆度普遍较差,河床沙与沙丘砂尤为明显;4).本区沙丘沙与河床沙存在着明显的继承关系.故本区风成沙主要来自本区河床沙,风沙的来源区域有限,在治理上应着眼于本区为主。 相似文献
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Women,Politics, Elections,and Citizenship 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):1-10
Abstract Significantly more women than men are registered voters in the United States, and a higher proportion of women voters actually cast ballots on election day. Yet the 106th Congress (1999-2001) includes only 56 women members, 12% of the total membership of the House and Senate. Likewise, women hold only 22% of the total seats in state legislatures. The purpose of this article is to examine this paradox. It first examines the history of the women's movement in the United States. It then turns to an evaluation of women's progress in gaining elected office. Finally it considers three primary obstacles to women gaining equitable representation: solidarity among women, political culture, and the single-member district system now employed in the United States. 相似文献
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Rolf Sternberg 《Geographical review》1998,88(3):327-348
ABSTRACT. Wilhelm Richard Wagner fused fantasy based on epic and lore with seamless scores, using landscapes and urban images to forge spatial order on stage. As a footloose composer-conductor, Wagner was considered a globetrotter for his time, and from trans-European tours he drew inspiration for numerous stagings. Nine of his operas have rustic pastoral settings, with actors silhouetted against geological formations, forests, vistas of undulating terrain for pilgrimages, or raging seas, all visually believable scenery. Rienzi and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg are urban in setting, whereas Die Feen and Das Liebesverbot are set in a castle-like format. 相似文献
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Robert G. Darmody & Colin E. Thorn 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1997,79(4):215-222
Chemical weathering and associated soil development trends on glacial forelands are commonly assumed to exhibit increases with time elapsed since glaciation. However, this gross trend is complicated by several other factors including elevation, aspect, and microtopography. This paper demonstrates that on the glacial foreland at Storbreen, Jotunheimen, Norway, chemical weathering and associated soil development trends show significant elevational influences. We sampled soils at shallow depths (0–1, 1–5, and 15–20 cm) at two sites on a moraine dated to 1750 at its elevational extremes of 1155 m (site L) and 1385 m (site H). The two moraine sites also differed developmentally from an adjacent 9000-year-old surface (site T) at an intermediate elevation, 1205 m. Analyses were conducted on the fine-earth fractions. Extractable elemental composition exhibited detectable differences between the same-age soils at different elevations with the lower site L tending to have measured parameters intermediate between the high site H and the older site T. Weathering, as indicated by mineralogy, was more pronounced at the 9000-year-old site T and least evident at the high elevation site H. In addition, elevation under the conditions of the field research may inhibit pedogenesis as indicated by the chemical data. Site H, for example, showed little variation with depth and had in general, less organic matter accumulation, smaller C:N ratio, greater pH, and lesser amounts of the measured extractable elements than the soil at site L. Site T generally had smaller pH and larger levels of the measured elements than the other sites. It was concluded that elevation has a significant control on weathering and pedogenesis that may mask the effects of age in this cold and wet environment. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):306-317
This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips. 相似文献
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Ibipo Johnston-Anumonwo 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(3):306-317
This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and Inc.ome affect commuting time. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, New York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-Inc.ome jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute to suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIn academic and policy discourse, the concept of urban resilience is proliferating. Social theorists, especially human geographers, have rightfully criticized that the underlying politics of resilience have been ignored and stress the importance of asking “resilience of what, to what, and for whom?” This paper calls for careful consideration of not just resilience for whom and what, but also where, when, and why. A three-phase process is introduced to enable these “five Ws” to be negotiated collectively and to engender critical reflection on the politics of urban resilience as plans, initiatives, and projects are conceived, discussed, and implemented. Deployed through the hypothetical case of green infrastructure in Los Angeles, the paper concludes by illustrating how resilience planning trade-offs and decisions affect outcomes over space and time, often with significant implications for equity. 相似文献
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