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1.
浙江方岩丹霞地貌发育的年代、成因与特色研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
方岩丹霞地貌在大地构造上隶属于华南褶皱系构造单元,该单元在燕山运动时期,由于太平洋板块俯冲入欧亚板块之下,促使大陆边缘地壳重新活动.晚侏罗世末至早白垩世,本区构造应力场由晚侏罗世的北西-南东向挤压,转为早白垩世的北东-南西向挤压和北西-南东向的拉张,发育了永康早白垩世断坳盆地,在盆地中沉积了下白垩统永康群馆头组(K1g)、朝川组(K1c)和方岩组(K1f)地层.中生代晚期永康盆地逐渐隆升,结束了红层沉积,遭受侵蚀,方岩地区丹霞地貌密集围谷、密集方山和廊穴等青年期的地貌特点表明该区大规模的抬升发生在较近的地质年代. 相似文献
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浙江江郎山丹霞地貌区岩性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对浙江江郎山丹霞地貌区主要岩层方岩组(K1f)的22块岩石标本进行常量元素、氧化物含量的X荧光和薄片偏光显微镜鉴定,分析了江郎山丹霞地貌发育的岩性特征与地貌成因的关系:(1)方岩组(K1f)砾岩中的火山岩砾石和岩屑含量普遍较高,SiO2含量普遍也很高(在44.90%～75.80%之间),表明岩性总体上抗风化能力强,这使江郎山丹霞地貌最具特色的"三爿石"历经沧桑仍能巍然屹立,江郎山也因此成为丹霞地貌发育晚年时期的典型代表.(2)方岩组(K1f)的砂岩抗风化能力相对较弱,其胶结物的主要成分为方解石,粒间孔隙约占20%～25%,局部可见方解石胶结物的溶蚀现象.岩石薄片鉴定可看出,其粒间孔隙很可能是方解石胶结物被溶蚀后的结果,而且构成砂岩的岩体的流纹岩岩屑等其本身就具有气孔构造,这些岩屑在显微镜下可见已经强烈泥化,岩体抗风化程度较低,这是构成该区地貌岩性之一的砂岩被侵蚀和风化程度较高的主要原因.(3)在江郎山丹霞地貌发育过程中方岩组(K1f)岩性对地貌的形成起了基础和决定性的作用.这种岩性的特征及抗风化能力的不同导致的差异风化现象,对该区丹霞地貌后期的微地貌发育具有重要的影响,岩性差异风化是江郎山山体崩塌、扁平状洞穴的形成的重要因素,这也为研究江郎山等丹霞地貌山区地质灾害的岩性特征奠定了基础. 相似文献
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广东省共有丹霞地貌 67 处,分布在 22 个断陷盆地中,主要受古近纪―新近纪抬升区、5 条北东向深大断裂和 1 条东西向深断裂控制,地层层位以丹霞组和南雄群为主,岩性以砾岩、砂砾岩、砂岩为主。古近纪―新近纪地壳升降运动控制了丹霞地貌在区域上的总体分布,大致以 22.5°N 为界线,以北为抬升区,发育丹霞地貌,以南为沉降区,不发育丹霞地貌;晚更新世以来的地壳升降运动,造成不同地区丹霞地貌的数量和规模有所区别：粤北、粤东北为抬升区,发育数量多、规模较大;粤中为沉降区,发育数量少、规模较小。深大断裂控制断陷盆地的分布,从而控制丹霞地貌具体的发育位置。根据地质构造背景和丹霞地貌发育特征,可将广东省划分为 4 个丹霞地貌发育区：粤北区、粤中区、粤东北区和粤西区。 相似文献
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丹霞地貌是一种重要的风景地貌,研究其地貌特征和演化过程可以为保护与利用这一地质遗迹提供科学支持。中生代红层是我国丹霞地貌发育的物质基础,在美国西部的科罗拉多高原亦有大量分布。为增进国内同行对美国西部红层与丹霞地貌的了解,以犹他州Zion国家公园为例,通过实地考察,岩样理化性质测试,并结合GIS和DEM分析,对其地貌特征和演化过程进行探讨。结果表明:区域构造方面,Zion公园红层沉积于大型的弧后盆地——西部内陆盆地,盆地抬升时形成的节理群对丹霞地貌发育具有控制作用;红层岩性方面,Zion公园发育丹霞地貌的红层以风沙沉积为主,岩性为细砂—粉砂岩,但不同段的风成砂岩在胶结特性和岩石强度上存在较大差异;地貌特征方面,Zion公园整体为高原—深切峡谷景观,其中高程为1800～2000 m的部分占比最大,公园南部比北部切割侵蚀程度更高,形成的单体地貌以块状山崖—沟谷组合为主,同时还因地下水的基部渗流侵蚀和风蚀作用在崖壁上发育有各种洞穴景观;演化过程方面,Zion公园丹霞地貌发育经历了构造盆地形成—红层堆积—地壳隆升—外力塑造四个阶段,三叠纪末期形成的西部内陆盆地为红层堆积提供了相对稳定的沉积环境,侏罗纪期间干旱的气候环境下形成了大规模的风沙沉积,白垩纪末期科罗拉多高原的抬升及形成的节理裂隙为外力侵蚀提供了条件。其中,强烈的流水下切是该地区丹霞地貌发育的主导外营力,并一直持续至今。 相似文献
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通过野外考察,并结合地质资料和样品分析,对陕北丹霞地貌形成的地质构造背景、红层岩性、形态特征、演化过程等进行系统阐述,并与中国东南部湿润区及国外的典型丹霞地貌进行对比,总结其共性和差异。结果表明：陕北丹霞地貌形成的构造环境为大型内陆坳陷盆地——鄂尔多斯盆地,主要成景地层为洛河组紫红色中-细粒长石石英砂岩,形成于早白垩世的干旱沙漠环境,发育大型交错层理,其碎屑颗粒分选性和磨圆度较好,但结构松散,胶结程度较弱,颗粒表面有碟形撞击坑等典型风成砂岩特征。陕北丹霞地貌最显著的特征是顶部有第四纪黄土盖层,形成覆盖型丹霞,地貌发育总体上处于青年期,整体为高原-峡谷景观,发育密集的沟谷群和连续的丹霞崖壁,但孤立的单体地貌较少。陕北丹霞地貌演化过程可划分为早白垩世红层沉积-晚白垩世红层盆地构造抬升和古丹霞发育-古近纪以来间歇式抬升-第四纪黄土覆盖等4个阶段。国内外对比方面,陕北丹霞与中国东南部湿润区的丹霞地貌在构造环境,物质基础,地貌特征等方面差异较显著,但与美国西部的丹霞地貌存在许多相似性。 相似文献
6.
崆峒山丹霞地貌地层归属演化及地貌年龄 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地学报》2015,(4)
依据对崆峒山丹霞地貌的实地考察和现有资料分析,结合阶地样品测年分析结果,针对崆峒山丹霞地貌的一些争议问题提出一些新观点。认为崆峒山主景区,前峡中部以上至后峡上部之间,其出露地层为下白垩系六盘山群三桥组(K1s)的棕红色粗碎屑岩,丹霞地貌发育处于青年期,保留有三级剥蚀面及百米以上常见的陡崖为其特征。前峡中部以下十万沟及后峡中下部延伸约5 km出露地层主要是上三叠统延长群(T3yn)的紫红色粗碎屑岩,本区已发育至壮年早期,是国内古老地层中发育最好的一处丹霞地貌。根据作者2012-05-18及2012-11-16的采样释光测年(TL/OSL)数据分析,采用"黄进丹霞地貌定量计算公式",测算出崆峒山丹霞地貌区平均地壳抬升速度是0.51 m/(104a)。由此计算出崆峒山丹霞区各景点的地貌年龄,分别是香山13 Ma、隍城11.5 Ma、中台8.7 Ma。 相似文献
7.
龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌特征及与国内其他丹霞地貌的对比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
江西龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌景观发育于信江盆地中生代红层中,以发育老年早期孤峰、峰林、残丘类地貌景观为特征,是我国丹霞地貌发育最好的地区之一。断裂切割、岩性差异、流水侵蚀和重力崩塌作用,是造成丹霞地貌景观差异的主要原因,同时由于所处盆地内位置、出露的红层性质以及构造发育特征的不同,也影响地貌发育的特色。目前国内所发现的丹霞地貌主要分布于东南、西南和西北地区。由于它们所处的大地构造位置、地壳活动特征、自然地理条件的不同,丹霞地貌的成因机制也不相同。阐述了龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌景观类型及其特色,并着重研究丹霞地貌景观的成因机制,以及与其他地质公园、遗产地进行比较研究。 相似文献
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2010年8月1日,在巴西首都巴西利亚举行的联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会第34届大会上,审议通过了将中国湖南崀山、广东丹霞山、福建泰宁、贵州赤水、江西龙虎山和浙江江郎山6景区联合申报的"中国丹霞地貌"列入《世界遗产名录》。 相似文献
11.
ZHU Cheng PENG Hua LI Zhongxuan ZHANG Guangsheng LI Lan YU Jinbiao ZHU Guangyao OUYANG Jie ZHONG Yishun ZHU Qing ZHOU Shuqin ZHENG Chaogui ZHOU Riliang LI Dong ZHU Yuming LV Wen WU Honglin XU Longsheng 《地理学报》2009,19(5):615-630
Jianglang Mountain is situated at the transitional zone of South China fold-system, Jiangshan–Shaoxing deep fracture zone and Baoan–Xiakou–Zhangcun fracture zone. The forming of the Xiakou basin was attributed to the pull-apart fault depression by the above fractures in earlier Cretaceous, afterward, series deposits such as Guantou formation (K1g), Chaochuan formation (K1c) and Fangyan formation (K1f) which belong to Yongkang group, the lower Cretaceous layer accumulated in the Xiakou basin. In late Cretaceous, the above fractures occurred to extrude and the basin began to uplift, meanwhile, amounts of tension fissures and joints were produced since Cenozoic, which accelerated water-dicing into bed-rock. Consequently, landform-building processing: weathering, eroding and collapsing etc. were prevalent as finally to develop the so-called Danxia landform. The Jianglang Mountain landscape zone of the Danxia landform to apply for world natural relics are relying on unique and unparalleled peak, sky-split valley with vivid stones and reviving of platform. What is more, there is significance of study at lithology, stratigraphy and paleo-biology. According to dating for specimen of ophitic vein through-crossing the Yongkang group of Yafeng Peak by K-Ar method, this article revealed the uplift age of red-bed basin to be 77.89±2.6 MaBP (K2) i.e. late Cretaceous, and it is the first chronological datum of Danxia landform research in China. 相似文献
12.
基于地形动力学的海滩裂流安全性评价 ——以三亚大东海为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章基于海滩地形动力学模型建立了海滩安全性评价方法,认为低潮沙坝/裂流海滩类和沙坝类海滩出现裂流概率最大,沙坝消散类和有裂流的低潮台地类海滩裂流风险中等,没有裂流的低潮台地海滩、没有沙坝的消散海滩、超消散型、完全反射型海滩裂流风险很小。以三亚大东海为例,利用该评价方法分析了海滩溺水事故频发的原因,结果显示：1）该海滩状态以沙坝型和低潮沙坝/裂流海滩型为主,属于高风险海滩,此结论与当地救生实践吻合;2）该海滩溺水事故发生的根本原因为裂流危险性高,故容易发生溺水事故。 相似文献
13.
MA Chunmei ZHU Cheng PENG Hua ZHENG Chaogui XIANG Fusheng SUN Yufei HU Jiyuan ZHU Guanghui LU Jianjun CHENG Guanghua 《地理学报》2006,16(1):45-56
The Danxia landform of Qiyun Mountain is mainly developed on the red granule conglomerates named Xiaoyan Group (K2x1) of middle Cretaceous series, which is controlled mainly by three faulted zones, namely, Jingdezhen-Qimen faulted zone, Jiangwan-Jiekou compressional faulted zone and Kaihua-Chun’an folding faulted zone. During the Cretaceous period, this area firstly experienced massif subsidence to become a continental faulted basin, then having thick Cretaceous red sediments accumulated on it. In the supervened neotectonism, this area experienced an uplifting process, which made the thick Cretaceous sediments into a mountain with an altitude of 500-600 m. After undergoing the processes of vertical joint development, weathering, denudation and transportation, as well as evidently differential weathering and denudation influenced by lithology and structure between sandstone and conglomerate, the grand Danxia landscape consisting of peak forests, steep cliffs, caves, mesas, castellated peaks, natural bridges and so on formed. The three nick points located respectively at 585 m, 400 m and 150 m generally reflect the three dominated uplifting processes during the neotectonism. 相似文献
14.
安徽齐云山丹霞地貌成因 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
齐云山丹霞地貌主要发育于中白垩统小岩组K2x1红色砂砾岩层中, 该区地貌发育主要受景德镇-祁门断裂带、江湾-街口挤压破裂带和开化-淳安褶断带三大断裂带控制。在白垩世该区经历了地块沉降, 成为陆上的断陷湖盆, 由此接受了巨厚的白垩系红层堆积。在新构造运动中, 该区经历了隆升过程, 巨厚的白垩系沉积物变成了海拔500~600 m的山体。白垩系红色砂砾岩在经历了垂直节理发育、风化破坏阶段及剥蚀搬运阶段后, 同时受岩性本身砂岩与砾岩在组分和结构上的影响, 差异性风化剥蚀显著, 因此形成了壮观的峰林、崖、洞、方山、城堡及天生桥景观。该区585 m、400 m和150 m处的三级裂点, 大致反映了该区新构造运动中三次主要的抬升过程。 相似文献
15.
浙江江郎山丹霞地貌发育的年代与成因 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
article revealed the uplift age of red-bed basin to be 77.89±2.6 MaBP (K2) I.e. Late Cretaceous, and it is the first chronological datum of Danxia landform research in China. 相似文献
16.
安徽齐云山丹霞地貌成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马春梅 朱诚 彭华 ZHENG Chaogui XIANG Fusheng SUN Yufei HU Jiyuan ZHU Guanghui LU Jianjun CHENG Guanghua 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(1):45-56
According to the study of some local scholars (Peng Hua et al., 2000), over 400 sites of Danxia landform have been already discovered in China. Chen Guoda (1935), Zeng Zhaoxuan et al. (1978), Huang Jin et al. (1992; 1994; 1996) and Peng Hua et al. (1998; … 相似文献
17.
OUYANG Jie ZHU Cheng PENG Hua YU Jinbiao LI Lan ZHOU Riliang ZHANG Guangsheng ZHU Guangyao LI Zhongxuan ZHONG Yishun ZHU Qing LV Wen HU Yongqi ZHENG Chaogui LV Zhenrong HU Chang WU Honglin XU Longsheng 《地理学报》2009,19(5):631-640
The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value. 相似文献
18.
Continental systems tracts of the Brazilian Cretaceous Bauru Basin and their relationship with the tectonic and climatic evolution of South America 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alessandro Batezelli 《Basin Research》2017,29(Z1):1-25
The application of sequence stratigraphy concepts to continental deposits lacking the referece provided sea level has been a challenge, mainly because the temporal relationships between stratigraphic surfaces and systems tracts depend on the tectonic and climatic evolution of the area. Using the concept of accommodation space (A) and sediment supply (S), we identify specific stacking patterns of aeolian, lacustrine, fluvial and alluvial systems that correspond to the particular tectonic and climatic evolution of the southeastern portion of South America. With the end of the Early Cretaceous volcanism (133 Ma), the southeastern portion of South America underwent tectonic restructuring, which generated basins that encompassed continental sedimentary sequences. The tectonic events responsible for the accumulation of these sequences occurred during two primary phases. The first phase is related to Early Cretaceous thermal subsidence, which was more pronounced in the regions where the thickest Serra Geral Formation basaltic successions are found, resulting in the formation of Bauru Basin. The second phase was related to the Late Cretaceous uplift in southeastern Brazil as a result of magmatic/volcanic activity associated with the Trindade Mantle Plume. Stratigraphic analysis based on well‐logs and outcrops and aided by petrographic studies identified three sequences that are bounded by regional unconformities that record important changes in the Bauru Basin's tectonic and paleoenvironmental conditions. The unconformity K‐0 is related to the origin of the Bauru Basin in the Early Cretaceous. The Early Cretaceous Sequence 1 (Caiuá Group) is interpreted as a second‐ order sequence, formed by aeolian and fluvial deposits and constituting a Fluvial‐Aeolian Systems Tract. Unconformity K‐1 that was generated in the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian – Campanian?) is related to the tectonic evolution of the basin and source area. Overlying Unconformity K‐1, lacustrine, fluvial and alluvial deposits display progradational characteristics of the two‐third‐ order sequences: Sequences 2A and 2B, constituted by the Fluvial‐Lacustrine and Alluvial Systems Tracts, respectively, and separated by the Unconformity K‐1A. Sedimentological characteristics, paleosols and stratigraphic architecture, suggest that A/S ratio was neutral in the late stage of the Sequence 1, whereas in the Sequence 2 there was an increase (Sequence 2A) followed by a decrease in the A/S ratio (Sequence 2B). Aeolian facies and paleosol P1 (Sequence 1), fluvial‐lacustrine facies and hydromorphic soils (Sequence 2A), and alluvial facies and Paleosol P2 (Sequence 2B), indicate climatic changes in the South American during the Cretaceous. The stratigraphic framework, subaerial unconformities and paleosols provide key elements for subdividing of the Brazilian continental sequence into third‐order sequences and systems tracts, for identification of allocyclic and autocyclic patterns in time and space. 相似文献