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中国北部沙漠-沙地作为亚洲风尘系统的重要组成部分，是亚洲重要的粉尘源区。对松嫩沙地和欧亚黄土带最东端黄土沉积的源-汇系统进行研究，有利于了解松嫩平原冰期-间冰期大气环流模式与粉尘传输路径之间的关系，并为区域生态环境和沙尘天气治理提供科学依据。本研究采集了松嫩沙地全范围的47件样品（<63μm）进行元素地球化学分析（常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素），建立了完整的松嫩沙地地球化学数据库，并通过主成分分析和频率模型进行物源定量重建，结合物源判别图解探讨松嫩沙地对下风向区域风尘物质的贡献度。结果表明：松嫩沙地处于化学风化初级阶段，沉积物的成熟度较低，由大多数初次循环和少数再循环沉积混合组成。定量重建结果将松嫩沙地划分为西北部、西南-W部、西南-E部3个分区，对哈尔滨黄土的贡献度依次为西南-E部（即松花江水系沉积物）40.5%～66.3%、西南-W部24.9%～48.9%、西北部1.9%～13.2%。物源判别图解表明哈尔滨黄土与现代尘暴粉尘有相似的源区，揭示了松嫩平原冰期-间冰期粉尘传输路径一直以西南方向为主，与冰期以西北风为主导的环流模式存在差异。哈尔滨西北方向粉尘源区（松嫩沙地西北部和呼... 相似文献
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黄土广布于全球各地,而不同区域黄土沉积特征存在差异,记录环境变化的机制亦有所不同。对以色列西南部Har Keren(简称HK)地区黄土状沉积剖面进行野外考察,发现其沉积特征与风积黄土较为相似。研究结果表明,HK剖面粒度特征虽表现出风成成因,但粒径整体偏粗且缺少细粉砂组分,说明剖面沉积物主要由近源风力搬运而来,并且在堆积过程中受坡积作用影响,沉积过程较为复杂。HK剖面稀土元素结果表现为右倾型特征,且轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,Eu中度负异常,与典型风积黄土变化趋势基本一致,但∑REE明显偏低,可能与其物质来源、搬运模式和沉积环境的不同有关。HK剖面常量元素UCC标准化结果与腾格里沙漠边缘黄土分布曲线较为类似,化学蚀变指数(CIA)指示其处于中等化学风化程度,由于研究区气候干旱少雨,主要以物理风化为主,不可能发生较强的化学风化,认为其CIA异常偏高可能与源岩区的化学风化结果有关,由于搬运来的沉积物质中碱金属及碱土金属元素含量整体偏低而导致CIA异常偏高,因此不能真实反映剖面的化学风化程度。 相似文献
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哈尔滨黄土的粒度与地球化学特征及其对粉尘物源的指示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
哈尔滨黄土位于欧亚黄土带的最东端，对它的风尘物源研究是深层次理解风尘堆积与区域构造-地貌-气候变化耦合关系的关键。然而，对哈尔滨黄土地球化学组成的研究尚未开展，对其性质还存在认识上的不统一。为此，我们研究了哈尔滨天恒山剖面L1黄土层的粒度和地球化学组成，并对其化学风化和物源等展开讨论。为了示踪哈尔滨黄土的物源，我们还对东北沙地（浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地和松嫩沙地）进行了表土采样和地球化学分析。结果表明：哈尔滨黄土不含细砂组分（125~250 μm），含有极细砂组分（63~125 μm，4.8%~10.5%），粉砂（4~63 μm）和黏土组分（<4 μm）占绝对优势，分别占73%~82%和12%~18%；粒度模式为三峰态分布（众数分别为36~40、8~10 μm和0.8 μm），与黄土高原典型黄土的粒度分布模式一致，但明显粗于黄土高原中部黄土。哈尔滨黄土经历了初级的化学风化过程，具有较低的成熟度和再循环历史。单靠地球化学方法不能很好地确定哈尔滨黄土的物源，但整合的方法（包括粒度、元素和同位素组成、MDS和PCA统计方法以及自然地理要素等）很好确定了哈尔滨黄土有一个混合源，松嫩沙地松花江水系沉积物为哈尔滨黄土提供了主要的粉尘贡献，浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地为哈尔滨黄土提供了部分细颗粒粉尘。 相似文献
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青海湖区是研究亚洲季风和西风环流强度变化和相互作用的良好区域。与青海湖湖泊钻孔沉积物一样,青海湖岸边广泛堆积的陆相风成沉积独立地记录了青海湖区晚第四纪以来的环境演变。过去对青海湖风成沉积的元素地球化学特征虽有过一些研究,但对于这套风成沉积的化学风化研究相当薄弱。通过对青海湖东岸种羊场剖面晚第四纪风成沉积的常量元素组成及主要的化学风化指标进行研究,结果表明:1)化学风化指标CIA(化学蚀变指数)、CIW(化学风化指数)、K2O/Na2O和Fe2O3/Mg O比值均反映了种羊场风成沉积经历了早期化学风化强度弱、中期强和晚期再度变弱的变化特征;2)在距今~5 ka时,风化指标显示化学风化作用最强,可能记录了青海湖区暖湿的气候特征;3)种羊场风成沉积的Fe2O3/Mg O比值与!fd%(频率磁化率的百分比)呈显著线性正相关(相关系数R2为0.939),指示在化学风化过程中Fe元素的富集对于磁化率增强具有重要贡献。 相似文献
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青海省五道梁地层剖面晚第三系沉积物与古土壤辨析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辨别沉积地层剖面中的古土壤层(原位沉积)具有重要的地学意义。论文拟以青海省五道梁地层剖面为例,尝试从剖面样品外部形态特征与内部性质探讨晚第三纪或更早之前沉积物与古土壤辨析方法。形态特征包括沉积物的色调、层次结构、生物扰动作用、植物根系等分析基本排除了研究地层剖面中的层段为古土壤。沉积物中较高的CaCO3含量、较低的铁游离度,均<20%,反映出沉积物源的风化程度低,都说明沉积物形成时的气候条件湿热程度不高。样品稀土元素和微量元素等地球化学特征显示,地层剖面沉积物是经过异地搬运、沉积形成的。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地灌丛沙丘稀土元素地球化学特征与物源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析了柴达木盆地灌丛沙丘剖面风沙沉积物中稀土元素及其相关特征参数、分布模式和（La/Yb）N-REE（稀土元素）物源特征。结果表明：灌丛沙丘剖面风沙沉积物中REE值100.52~163.47 μg·g-1,接近于新疆灰钙土,而略低于中国黄土;LREE（轻稀土元素）值87.80~144.65 μg·g-1,占总量86.62%~90.53%,决定了稀土总量的变化。总体表现为LREE相对富集,而HREE（重稀土元素）丰度相对较低,分馏特征基本相似,呈斜"L"型缓右倾斜,Eu大致呈现中度负异常的分配模式,而Ce未表现出明显异常,且更多地反映了其物源特性。其物源主要由东昆仑北麓冲积扇碎屑沉积物质经过风化、搬运、沉积而成,而并非来自于干旱期的湖底剥蚀物。总体而言,灌丛沙丘沉积过程稀土元素分异特征反映了灌丛沙丘发育时期柴达木盆地总体处于干燥的气候环境,化学风化作用弱,植被发育相对较差,成壤作用不明显。 相似文献
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沙漠/沙地中沉积物的粒度是物源及各种地表过程长期作用的结果。研究沉积物粒度特征对认识沙漠/沙地形成演变和防沙治沙具有重要意义。本文对浑善达克沙地不同类型沉积物进行了详细采样,对其进行粒度和端元分析。结果表明,浑善达克沙地风成沙受风力分选作用影响,平均粒径和分选系数沿盛行风向存在显著变化趋势。偏度和峰度的空间格局较为复杂,可能与局地物源、沉积环境和植被覆盖等因素有关。端元分析结果显示,风成沙含有6个端元（EM）,其中EM1与沙地西部湖相沉积露头有关;EM2来自松散的河湖相沉积物,在风力作用下呈现显著空间变化;EM3是风成沙的主要物质来源,与河流携带的碎屑物质有关;EM4可能来源于周围山体的冲洪积物;EM5和EM6粒度最粗,与间冰期河湖相沉积物中的粗粒组分相似。浑善达克沙地沉积物粒度特征表明,风成沙主要来自沙地附近不同时期的河湖相沉积物,远源贡献较少。沙地西部是风成沙的主要源区,在风力作用下较细组分的风成沙向沙地中东部运移,而沙地南缘和东缘河流也为其邻近区域贡献了沙源。本文研究说明,通过高密度采样并结合端元分析,沉积物粒度可解决地表过程复杂的沙漠地区风沙物源识别问题。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物地球化学元素组成及指示意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雅丹沉积物蕴含丰富的区域环境变化和物源演变信息。以柴达木盆地西北部的长垄状雅丹为研究对象,通过对地球化学元素的研究,探讨沉积物的化学风化特征及其对物质输移的指示意义。结果表明：（1）雅丹沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、MgO和Na2O为主,微量元素Cl、Sr、Ba和Zr含量较高。相较于上陆壳平均化学元素组成,雅丹沉积物常量元素CaO和MgO富集程度较高,微量元素中Cl和As富集程度较高。（2）雅丹沉积物的CIA值平均为39.03,且在A-CN-K三角图上准平行于A-CN连线,主体在斜长石与钾长石连线的下方,因此雅丹沉积物的化学风化程度较低,处于初期的脱Na、Ca阶段。（3）特征元素比值表明雅丹体内赋存的大量细颗粒物质为廊道流沙的源区。细颗粒物质经过外营力的风化、剥蚀等过程而出露,在雅丹廊道内堆积并向下风向输移,遇阻堆积而形成沙丘。雅丹是否为下风向黄土的物源区,尚需进一步验证。 相似文献
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以柴达木盆地西南缘山前沙丘区为研究区,采用地球化学元素分析方法,阐明了研究区不同类型地表沉积物的地球化学元素特征,并探讨其风化特征、物质来源及输移过程。结果表明：(1)研究区沉积物常量元素组成以SiO2、Al2O3和CaO为主,三者的平均含量总和超过83%。微量元素以Cl、Ba、Sr和Zr含量较高。与上陆壳(UCC)平均化学元素组成相比,常量元素CaO轻微富集,微量元素As高度富集,Co轻微富集。(2)研究区化学蚀变指数(CIA)变化较小,为40.90～53.05,平均47.51,化学风化程度较弱,均处于风化的初期阶段。(3)特征元素比值表明,研究区沉积物具有相同的物质来源。柴达木盆地西南缘东昆仑山中的岩石经过风化剥蚀产生的碎屑物质在季节性流水作用下被搬运至山前堆积,形成广布的山前冲-洪积平原,后经风力吹蚀改造形成现在的地表景观。本研究不仅可以丰富区域风沙地貌研究内容,而且也可为区域风沙灾害的防治提供理论基础。 相似文献
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中国东部沙区表层沉积物粒度特征 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
通过分析中国东部沙区表层沉积物粒度特征及其与风力、植被覆盖的相关性,探讨了东部沙区现代风沙沉积环境及其区域差异性。结果显示:东部沙区各沙漠/沙地粒径级配相对一致,均以细沙、中沙为主,粒度分布整体呈单峰形态,中等分选,粒度分布和分选性均与西部沙区有较大不同。风力和植被覆盖状况的差异决定了各沙地所处的风沙环境性质和风沙活动强度不同,导致东部沙区表层沉积物粒度特征存在明显的区域差异性。其中,库布齐沙漠粒度特征与该区风蚀、搬运、堆积过程频繁交替的风沙活动方式密切关联;呼伦贝尔沙地粒度特征反映了风蚀主导的风沙环境;科尔沁沙地、浑善达克沙地,毛乌素沙地粒度特征和风沙活动方式相对复杂,与这3个沙地内部风蚀主导区和沙尘沉降主导区镶嵌分布的格局有关。东部沙区表层沉积物平均粒径和分选系数均与沙地年均风速和植被总盖度双因素之间具有显著的非线性相关性。 相似文献
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ZHU Bingqi YU Jingjie QIN Xiaoguang Patrick RIOUAL LIU Ziting XIONG Heigang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(1):177-190
Sandy desert landscape is a geological product of arid climate and abundant sand materials supply in natural conditions, therefore the formation of sandy desert is an ideal studying object for understanding the interaction between various stratigraphic/epigenetic spheres of the earth system. However, until now, the knowledge about the provenance and formation of these deserts in Xinjiang, Central Asia is diverse and inconsistent, a systematic review is necessary. Ancient aeolian sand sediments in the internal areas of these deserts and their twin dust deposits in the Cenozoic strata surrounding the Xinjiang deserts are direct and indirect clues reflecting the provenance of sand materials and the formation and evolution of deserts. Based on the geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic evidences of desert sands and relevant deposits in the peripheral regions, this paper reviews the research progress on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Many proofs proposed that desert sands in Xinjiang were mainly sourced from the ancient pluvial, alluvial and fluvial sediments and were eventually achieved because of the local sand supply. It pointed out that the settings of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made sediments both in the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by regional hydrological system and aeolian processes originated from the planetary wind system of westerly, the East Asian winter monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds. However, the directions of transpor- tation paths are different between the hydrological dynamics and the aeolian dynamics, which are decided by the slantwise structures of the basins tectonics and the regional atmospheric circulation routes, respectively, and have determined anisotropies of the transport pathway of these sediments delivered by different agents. This results in a geological cycle of detrital sediment transportation in the two large sediment mixing, alternation and recycle basins and thus largely increases the degree of between younger and older sediment sources, as well as the complexity and diversity of sand provenances. 相似文献
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Abstract:Sandy desert landscape is a geological product of arid climate and abundant sand materials supply in natural conditions,therefore the formation of sandy desert is an ideal studying object for understanding the interaction between various stratigraphic/epigenetic spheres of the earth system.However,until now,the knowledge about the provenance and formation of these deserts in Xinjiang,Central Asia is diverse and inconsistent,a systematic review is necessary.Ancient aeolian sand sediments in the internal areas of these deserts and their twin dust deposits in the Cenozoic strata surrounding the Xinjiang deserts are direct and indirect clues reflecting the provenance of sand materials and the formation and evolution of deserts.Based on the geochemical,mineralogical and isotopic evidences of desert sands and relevant deposits in the peripheral regions,this paper reviews the research progress on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang,Northwest China.Many proofs proposed that desert sands in Xinjiang were mainly sourced from the ancient pluvial,alluvial and fluvial sediments and were eventually achieved because of the local sand supply.It pointed out that the settings of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made sediments both in the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by regional hydrological system and aeolian processes originated from the planetary wind system of westerly,the East Asian winter monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds.However,the directions of transportation paths are different between the hydrological dynamics and the aeolian dynamics,which are decided by the slantwise structures of the basins tectonics and the regional atmospheric circulation routes,respectively,and have determined anisotropies of the transport pathway of these sediments delivered by different agents.This results in a geological cycle of detrital sediment transportation in the two large basins and thus largely increases the degree of sediment mixing,alternation and recycle between younger and older sediment sources,as wellas the complexity and diversity of sand provenances. 相似文献
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ZHU Bingqi YU Jingjie QIN Xiaoguang Patrick RIOUAL LIU Ziting XIONG Heigang 《地理学报》2014,24(1):177-190
Sandy desert landscape is a geological product of arid climate and abundant sand materials supply in natural conditions, therefore the formation of sandy desert is an ideal studying object for understanding the interaction between various stratigraphic/epigenetic spheres of the earth system. However, until now, the knowledge about the provenance and formation of these deserts in Xinjiang, Central Asia is diverse and inconsistent, a systematic review is necessary. Ancient aeolian sand sediments in the internal areas of these deserts and their twin dust deposits in the Cenozoic strata surrounding the Xinjiang deserts are direct and indirect clues reflecting the provenance of sand materials and the formation and evolution of deserts. Based on the geochemical, mineralogical and isotopic evidences of desert sands and relevant deposits in the peripheral regions, this paper reviews the research progress on the development of the sandy deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Many proofs proposed that desert sands in Xinjiang were mainly sourced from the ancient pluvial, alluvial and fluvial sediments and were eventually achieved because of the local sand supply. It pointed out that the settings of tectonic structure in Xinjiang had made sediments both in the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin being influenced greatly by regional hydrological system and aeolian processes originated from the planetary wind system of westerly, the East Asian winter monsoon and the topographical mountain-valley winds. However, the directions of transportation paths are different between the hydrological dynamics and the aeolian dynamics, which are decided by the slantwise structures of the basins tectonics and the regional atmospheric circulation routes, respectively, and have determined anisotropies of the transport pathway of these sediments delivered by different agents. This results in a geological cycle of detrital sediment transportation in the two large basins and thus largely increases the degree of sediment mixing, alternation and recycle between younger and older sediment sources, as well as the complexity and diversity of sand provenances. 相似文献
15.
Rare earth elements of aeolian deposits in Northern China and their implications for determining the provenance of dust storms in Beijing 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Xiaoping Yang Yongsheng Liu Chaozhu Li Yuling Song Heping Zhu Xindi Jin 《Geomorphology》2007,87(4):365-377
This paper contributes to a better understanding of the source of dust storms in northern China and the relationship between these sources and other aeolian sediments in this region. Sediment samples in potential source areas were collected from the Hunshandake Sandy Land, Heaven Desert, the loess deposits of the Bashang area, the mountainous basins and valleys north of Beijing and from the Badain Jaran Desert and Hulunbaier Sandy Land (Fig. 1). Dust samples were collected in Beijing during two dust storms in March 2002 and April 2006. The laboratory methods used in this study included measurements of abundance of trace elements, in particular the rare earth elements (REEs), mineral assemblages and grain size. The REE contents, Eu and Ce anomalies show clear differences between various deposits. Provenance is considered to be the key factor influencing REE patterns in the study areas. The REE abundances and patterns indicate that the aeolian sand north of Beijing, such as in the Heaven Desert, is mainly of local origin rather than from desert encroachment from the north. The mineral grains carried in dust storms, however, are highly mixed, and may come partly from local sources but mainly from distant desert regions in western China. 相似文献
16.
东部沙区表土有机质和速效养分与风沙环境关系初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东部沙区表土有机质、速效养分含量普遍较低。按照库布齐沙漠、毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地的次序,有机质和速效K含量逐渐增大,这种分布格局与区域风沙环境性质、风沙活动方式密切相关;各沙漠/沙地内部,表土有机质和速效K含量分别与植被盖度、颗粒平均粒径、分选系数之间存在较好的相关性。速效N和速效P含量未表现出上述变化规律。可见有机质和速效K含量对风沙环境的变化较为敏感,因而其在表土中的再分配可以在一定程度上反映局地风沙环境的变化,而速效N和速效P对风沙环境的指示意义不明显。东部沙区表土有机质、速效N及速效P含量普遍高于西部沙区,而速效K含量明显偏低。 相似文献
17.
通过实地考察、观测和采样,利用Google Earth遥感影像和激光粒度分析仪,研究了科尔沁沙地大型沙波纹（large-scale ripples, LSR）的空间分布、单体和群体的基本形态和粒度特征,探讨了LSR粗颗粒的来源、它同普通沙波纹和普通风成沙在颗粒组成、形态特征和内部沉积结构方面的区别。结果表明：（1）科尔沁沙地的LSR主要分布于翁牛特旗中部和北部地区。（2）LSR空间单元的空间形态具有片状、斑块状和条带状3种类型,分别发育于宽阔的丘间地、沙丘中上部、槽形低地3类地形部位。（3）LSR平均长度为6.32 m,总体走向为东北—西南,平均波长为1.68 m,空间分异较为明显;单体LSR的前后坡不对称。（4）LSR的颗粒为中砂-粗砂粒级,其中粗颗粒主要来自旧河道的河流冲积层、下伏Q3河湖相地层、剥蚀残山的风化壳和山麓洪积物。（5）LSR同普通沙波纹在外观、物质组成、几何形态和内部沉积结构方面有明显差异。该项研究将有助于促进风沙地貌学的理论发展和实践。 相似文献
18.
同位素示踪方法在风成沉积物物源研究领域应用较广泛,由于风成物质在风化、传输和沉降过程中其同位素地化特性不会发生变化,因此通过物源区和沉积区风成沉积物同位素组成的对比,相似同位素组成的地区可确定为物源区。同位素物源示踪的主要方法有石英颗粒的δ18O、硅酸盐部分的Sr-Nd组成、沉积物的Hf和Pb组成特征等。这些方法在中国西部盆地(如塔里木盆地)沙漠砂来源、黄土高原黄土物源(如柴达木盆地对黄土高原的物源贡献)等领域得到了广泛应用,取得了众多成果。 相似文献