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1.
研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)为原料合成锂吸附剂的基本工艺路线,并探究了加料方式、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间和加料速度等对所合成吸附剂吸附量的影响,研究结果表明配比是影响吸附剂吸附量的最主要因素,得到了最佳合成条件,在此条件下所合成吸附剂对锂离子的吸附容量为6.1 mg/g。推断吸附剂的主要成分为晶态或非晶态的LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O,同时含有Al(OH)_3、(CaO)_3Al_2O_3·6H_2O及LiCl·H_2O等成分。从吸附结果来看,结晶度较差的片状LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O和非晶态的Al(OH)_3为主成分的吸附剂吸附性能最好。  相似文献   

2.
Boron resources are abundant in the Da Qaidam Salt Lake of the Qaidamu basin in China,which has generated significant attention due to the presence of polyborate species in brine from this lake. In this study,Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the existing form of boron in brine during evaporation. MgO·2 B_2 O_3-H_2 O,MgO·2 B_2 O_3-MgCl_2-H_2 O,and MgO·2 B_2 O_3-MgSO_4~-H_2 O solutions were also studied to determine the influence of boron concentration,pH,and electrolytes on the borate speciation from brine. The mononborates B( OH)_3 and B( OH)_4~-were found to be the only forms present in natural salt lake brine. Brine evaporation promoted the formation of the polyborate anions B_3 O_3( OH)_4~-,B_5 O_6( OH)_4~-,and B_6 O_7( OH)_6~(2-)and also promoted the disappearance of the B( OH)_4~-ion from brine at boron concentrations of more than 11 g/L B_2 O_3. The pentaborate ion B_5 O_6( OH)_4~-was sensitive to the solution pH and appeared only at p H values less than 8. 0. Meanwhile,the hexaborate ion B_6 O_7( OH)_6~(2-)was observed to be more dependent on the electrolyte magnesium chloride due to its special properties,such as promoting boron accumulation,lowering solution pH,and also its strong affinity for water molecules,which were all beneficial for the polymerization of borate ions in brine. Interaction mechanisms between polyborate anions during evaporation are also proposed herein. ake; evaporation; polyborate species; interaction mechanism.  相似文献   

3.
一、引言(一)硼酸盐的多样性以固态形式存在的硼酸有正硼酸(H_3BO_3),偏硼酸(HBO_2)(α,β,γ,三种变体)。当将正硼酸、不同形式的偏硼酸以及氧化硼(B_2O_3)溶于水中以后,从水溶液中析出的只有一种硼酸——正硼酸,而硼酸盐则可以呈各种形式的固体存在。例如钠的硼酸盐,最熟悉的就有 NaB_5O_8·5H_2O,  相似文献   

4.
采用MgO、MgCl_2·6H_2O和Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为原料,通过XRD、SEM、FTIR等测试方法,研究不同镁源对碱式硼酸镁形貌和组成的影响。在190℃条件下反应10 h,制备碱式硼酸镁(MgBO_2(OH))。结果表明,以MgO为反应物时,由于其反应活性较差,导致产物中出现大量氢氧化镁杂质;以MgCl_2·6H_2O为反应物时,所得产物长径比较小;以Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为反应物时,得到分散性高、形貌规整的棒状产物。  相似文献   

5.
石天阳  余红发  麻海燕  李颖 《盐湖研究》2021,29(3):38-46, 55
氯氧镁水泥(Magnesium oxychloride cement, MOC)具有快凝、早强、高强、防火和不腐蚀玻璃纤维等优点,非常适合于制作玻璃纤维增强薄壁制品,在农业灌溉工程中具有良好的应用前景。采用XRD和TOPAS分析了新型抗水氯氧镁水泥制成内蒙古防渗渠的物相组成,探讨了氯氧镁水泥制品在自然环境的水化产物与相转变规律、以及相组成对强度的影响。结果表明,在水分缺少的条件下,氯氧镁水泥的水化产物主要为5Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·8H_2O(5·1·8)和Mg(OH)_2;在水分充足的条件下,水化产物主要为Mg(OH)_2和5·1·8,碳化产物为碳化氯氧化镁Mg(OH)_2·MgCl_2·2MgCO_3·6H_2O(1·1·2·6)和水菱镁矿4MgCO_3·Mg(OH)_2·4H_2O(4·1·4)。水化产物对强度有促进作用,而碳化产物会降低强度。通过10年的工程环境考验,证明新型氯氧镁水泥制品在环境中能够保持主要强度相5·1·8的稳定性,具有良好的长期力学性能。  相似文献   

6.
用合成的水合四硼酸钾和偏硼酸钾晶体,配制一系列溶液,研究了pH与浓度变化的关系,并计算硼酸根离子的摩尔分数-浓度(δ-c)关系图。用拉曼光谱方法研究四硼酸钾和偏硼酸钾溶液,给出其拉曼光谱图,并对各峰进行了归属。研究表明,四硼酸钾溶液中存在的物种主要有[B4O5(OH)4]2-、[B3O3(OH)4]-和[B(OH)4]-,而其它物种所占摩尔分数很小;在偏硼酸钾水溶液中,[B(OH)4]-占绝大多数,有很少量H3BO3、[B4O5(OH)4]2-和[B3O3(OH)4]3-。硼酸盐离子浓度越低,越容易水解为聚合度较低的简单物种。  相似文献   

7.
李军  李冰 《盐湖研究》2004,12(3):26-30
用差示FT -Raman和11BNMR光谱研究了MgB6O10 ·7 5H2 O、MgB4O7·9H2 O、Mg2 B6O10 ·1 5H2 O三种镁硼酸盐饱和和过饱和溶液的结构机理 ,其结果表明饱和溶液和过饱和溶液中均存在B(OH) 3 、B(OH) -4、B3 O3 (OH) -4、B5O6(OH) 4 -粒子。镁硼酸盐的结晶过程是一个复杂的动力学平衡过程  相似文献   

8.
基于热重和红外光谱数据,三水碳酸镁可表示为 Mg(OH)(HCO_3)·2H_2O,用热重法研究了钾化合物(KHCO_3·MgCO_3·4H_2O)并记录它的红外光谱和热重。基于热重研究,三水碳酸镁(MgCO_3·3H_2O)可用 Mg(OH)(HCO_3)·2H_2O 化学式来表示。为了得到有关该化合物成分的更精确的知识,记录了它的红外光谱,并发表在本文中。该化合物采用 NaHCO_3由镁盐  相似文献   

9.
在 Li~ 、Al~( 3)∥C1~-,OH~-—H_2O 四元交互体系中,证明文献中指出的化合物2LiCl·5[Al(OH)_(2.83)Cl_(0.17)]·nH_2O 在60℃时是介稳化合物。在该温度下,发现一种新的铝锂化合物存在。它的组成是 LiCl·2 Al(OH)_3·nH_2O。对该化合物的性质作了初步研究。从固相的化学分析,X—射线分析和热分析结果证明 X—射线无定型氢氧化铝[下称无定形氢氧化铝]从含锂、镁卤水中提取锂盐时平衡产物主要是 LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O 同无定形氢氧化铝的混合物。在氯化锂溶液和含锂、镁卤水中,无定形氢氧化铝同氯化锂的相互作用是固液反应。反应的初始阶段符合一级反应规律。在氢氧化铝表面形成化合物层后,反应总速度由化学反应速度和氯化锂通过产物层的扩散速度共同决定,符合自阻滞规律1/t ln a/(a-x)-β x/t=M。从而证明了该反应不仅仅停留在表面。定量地研究了温度对反应速度的影响。在卤水中,无定形氢氧化铝同氯化锂在90℃和60℃的一级反应常数分别为 k_(90)=1.42×10~(-1)和 k_(60)=4.17×10~(-3)。  相似文献   

10.
根据Li2O-B2O3-H2O多温相图合成晶体LiB5O8·5H2O。在从稀到饱和浓度范围内测定LiB5O8水溶液在40℃和50℃下的物化性质(密度、粘度、电导率和p H),并根据相应的模型进行关联。根据文献的化学平衡常数以及测定的p H值,计算出硼酸盐溶液中存在的B(OH)3、B(OH)-4、B3O3(OH)-4、B4O5(OH)2-4和B5O6(OH)-4等物种各浓度下的摩尔分数,并给出溶液中可能存在的反应及其相应的机理。  相似文献   

11.
以Co(NO3)2.6H2O、Ni(CH3COO)2.4H2O和Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O为原料,在氩气保护下用共沉淀法制备了分散均匀的前驱体[Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3]C2O4.xH2O,用TG/DSC对前驱体的热分解做了表征。前驱体与碳酸锂在乙醇-水的混合体系中均匀分散,50℃下真空干燥后于500℃下预烧,将得到的混合物压片,然后在空气中于700~1 000℃下煅烧12~24 h得到三元正极材料。将得到的样品进行XRD、电池充放电循环、循环伏安等表征和测试。结果表明,700~1 000℃合成的样品有好的晶型(六方晶系,α-NaFeO2),特别是900℃下合成的正极材料有较好的晶型、高的首次充放电容量,并具有良好的电化学性能。  相似文献   

12.
水菱镁石和斜方云石的开发与应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
郭如新 《盐湖研究》2009,17(3):63-68
对水菱镁石(3MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.3H2O)和斜方云石(3MgCO3.CaCO3)的开发与应用做了评述。内容包括简史、物化性能和开采加工,以及在氧化镁、重质碱式碳酸镁和镁质阻燃剂制取方面的应用,并展望了开发前景。  相似文献   

13.
采用水热法合成锂皂石,以LiCl-MgCl2-Na2SiO3-H2O为主要反应体系,加入NaOH调节反应体系的pH值,通过加入Al2(SO4)3.18H2O而引入Al3+进行掺杂改性,合成了系列锂皂石。对所得产物进行XRD检测,探测了产物的结晶化度和结构组成。通过分光光度计和流变仪测定了产物的透光性及粘度性能,结果发现反应体系pH值的变化可引起锂皂石产品水分散体系的透明度;控制一定的Al3+加入量,可得到具有较高粘度的锂皂石产品。  相似文献   

14.
王丽娜 《盐湖研究》2011,19(4):53-57,72
以乙酸镁为镁源,用LiOH.H2O、Fe(NO3)3.9H2O、NH4H2PO4为原料通过水溶液法制备了掺杂Mg2+的LiFePO4/C正极材料。用XRD、SEM、恒流充放电测试、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)方法,研究了Mg2+掺杂对LiFePO4/C的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Mg2+掺杂没有改变LiFePO4橄榄石型的结构;在0.1 C(1C=170 mAh.g-1)的充放电倍率下,Mg2+掺杂使正极材料首次放电比容量从153 mAh.g-1提高到159 mAh.g-1,经20循环次后,容量无损失;电化学交流阻抗显示,掺杂后材料阻抗Rct从463.1Ω减小到322.8Ω。  相似文献   

15.
The microhydration structure of nickel sulfate aqueous solution has been determined via density functional theory( DFT) calculation and extended X-ray absorption fine structure( EXAFS) spectroscopy. The geometric optimization and energy calculation of nickel sulfate hydrated clusters of the molecular formula [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0( n = 1-12) were determined via DFT using the B3 LYP method. Several possible initial structures were considered for clusters of each size to locate the equilibrium geometry.Based on the DFT calculation,the favorable structure of Ni~(2+)includes the six-coordinated form of [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0 clusters. The results of hydration energy calculation suggest that the six-coordinated contact ion pair( CIP) is the stable configuration for small hydration clusters( n≤5),while the solventshared ion pair( SSIP) represents the favorable structure for medium hydration clusters( 6≤n≤10).The solvent is separated by x water molecules( xSIP,x ≥2 is the number of water molecule between Ni~(2+)and SO_4~(2-)) in larger hydration clusters( n≥11). The EXAFS analysis of the NiSO_4 aqueous solutions and NiSO_4·6 H_2 O solid established that Ni~(2+)was surrounded by six water molecules tightly forming an octahedral structure in the first hydration shell,and no CIP was found from 0. 70 mol/L to 2. 22 mol/L( near saturation). The Ni-O distance and coordinated number were 2. 040 ± 0. 020 ? and 6. 0 ± 1. 0,respectively. These results are consistent with the DFT calculations for [NiSO_4( H_2 O)_n]~0 clusters. DFT and EXAFS are powerful techniques that can be used to enhance the resolution of NiSO_4 solution microstructure.  相似文献   

16.
The crystal structure of metal borates has been extensively investigated by X-ray and neutron diffraction,but,the structure of aqueous polyborate solutions are still largely unknown.Over the last decade,our group has focused on studying the structure of complex aqueous polyborate solutions of Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,and Mg using synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering(XRS),EXAFS,Raman,NMR,and DFT,as well as determining the density,conductivity and pH of such solutions.Polyborate species distributions were calculated using pH measurements,and the main species in the solution have been confirmed by NMR and Raman spectra.For alkali-metal metaborates,the dominant species is always B(OH)-4in a wide range of concentration,while the presence of others species is negligible.For alkali metal tetraborates,when concentration is in the extreme low range,only B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 are present in these solutions.As the total boron concentration increases,B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 polycondensated to form more complex oligomers.Of them,while B4O5(OH)2-4 in the tetraborate solutions is the main species,B(OH)3,B(OH)-4,and B3O3(OH)-4 are minor species,and B3O3(OH)2-5 and B5O6OH)-4 are present only in negligible amounts.As solution continues to concentrate,B4O5(OH)2-4 eventually becomes the dominant species,which is consistent with the congruent compound M2B4O7·nH2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) in the system M2O-B2O3-H2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs).For alkali metal pentaborates,B(OH)3 and B(OH)-4 are the main species at low concentrations.The species distribution,Raman and NMR spectroscopy results verified that the dominant species in concentrated pentaborate solutions with Li and Na is pentaborate B5O6OH)-4,but it is surprising that the main species with K,Rb,and Cs is always the triborate monoanion B3O3(OH)-4.Although all M[B5O6OH)4]·nH2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) are all congruent compounds in the system M2O-B2O3-H2O(M=Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) ,the main species in aqueous solutions are quite different because of various cation hydration distance(d),hydration number(CN),and configuration,especially charge(Z).For bivalent Mg2+,three borate minerals,namely,Inderite(2MgO·3B2O3·15H2O),Hungchaoite(MgO·2B2O3·9H2O),and Mcallisterite(MgO·3B2O3·7.5H2O),exist in the system MgO-B2O3-H2O at 298K.Inderite is a congruent compound,but Hungchaoite and Mcallisterite are incongruent compounds.The species distribution and Raman spectra demonstrat that the predominant species in all the solutions with magnesium borates is bivalent triborate B3O3(OH)2-5,while the subordinate species are B(OH)-4 at a low B2O3/MgO ratio and B(OH)3at a high B2O3/MgO ratio,and the other anions are negligible,as the high Z of the borate anion must match that of Mg2+.The disappearance of divalent B4O5(OH)2-4 is in agreement with its incongruent nature.The DFT and XRS results showed that tetrahedral Li(H2O)+4(d=0.20 nm,CN=4),octahedral Na(H2O)6+(d=0.236 nm,CN=6),and Mg(H2O)2+6(d=0.210 nm,CN=6) in the first hydration shell belong to Platonic polyhedra.However,K(H2O)+8(d=0.28 nm,CN=8,XRS and DFT),Rb(H2O)+8(d=0.293 nm,CN=7.7-8.2,EXAFS),and Cs(H2O)+8(d=0.320-0.326 nm,CN=7.6-7.9,EXAFS) are inclined Voronoi polyhedra.Therefore,the effects of cation Z and d on the structure of polyborates in aqueous solutions are deterministic,while the effect of hydrated-cation symmetry is secondary.Their hydrolysis order was:Mg>Li>Na>K>Rb>Cs,in step with hydration power.Among them,Mg2+ and Li+have a strong tendency towards hydrolysis,but Na+ scarcely hydrolyzes,especially Rb+ and Cs+ have a little protonation.X-ray scattering of aqueous alkaline sodium borohydride solutions confirmed that dihydrogen bonds exist in an aqueous solution.The four distinct features of dihydrogen bonds in aqueous solution-unidirectionality,divaricativity,multicentricity,and multidentativity have been also described here in brief.  相似文献   

17.
采用物种分布图和核磁共振实验研究了五硼酸钾溶液中含硼物种的类型、含量和溶液浓度间关系。研究表明五硼酸钾在稀溶液中几乎全部水解为B(OH)3和B(OH)4-;在较浓溶液中主要物种为B3O3(OH)4-和B(OH)3,而B5O6(OH)4-和[B4O5(OH)42-]的含量较小。核磁共振实验研究给出了B(OH)4-, B3O3(OH)4-和B5O6(OH)4-的生成常数K1, K3, K5,研究得出B5O6(OH)4-含量很少的原因是其解聚为其它类型硼酸根离子。外加离子促进五硼酸根离子的生成,而高温条件促进B5O6(OH)4-发生解聚反应。  相似文献   

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