共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
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中国北方地区近50年来气温变化特征的研究 总被引：84，自引：14，他引：70
文章分析了1951~2000年中国北方地区(包括东北、华北和西北)的平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温随时间的变化趋势特征。分析发现:在全球气候变暖的前景下,中国北方地区近50年来平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温的增温态势十分明显;东北地区的增温大于西北和华北地区;日最低气温的增温比平均气温和日最高气温更加显著;冬季增温比夏季显著。20世纪80年代中后期平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温大多发生了一次显著的变暖突变。90年代以来中国北方地区的气温明显偏高。但是不同季节、不同区域气温的多年变化特征并不完全相同,具有各自的特殊性。 相似文献
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吉林省东部山区1953—2007年气温变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用吉林省东部山区12个代表站近55年的观测数据,分析了平均气温、平均日最高气温和平均日最低气温随时间的变化趋势特征以及平均气温增温趋势的地域分布特征.结果表明:1)平均气温、平均日最高气温、平均日最低气温增温态势明显,平均日最低气温增温比平均气温和平均日最高气温更加显著;冬季增温比夏季显著;2)平均日最高气温对变暖的响应明显滞后于平均日最低气温,从20世纪80年代中后期开始,区域内夜间明显变暖,到90年代中期白天、夜间同时显著增温;3)年和季节平均气温增温趋势在空间上存在差异. 相似文献
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基于山西省境内70个气象站点的逐日最高气温、最低气温和平均气温资料,使用8个不同的极端气温指数分析其1960—2019年近60 a极端气温事件的变化特征,并分析其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明：（1）夏季日数、热夜日数、日最低气温极大值、日最低气温极小值均呈显著增加趋势,冰冻日数、霜冻日数呈显著减少趋势。（2）极端最高（低）气温的极大、极小值均上升,并且大部分地区极端气温的极小值增温幅度更大。（3）山西省平均气温呈显著变暖趋势,平均每10 a增加0.26℃,空间上气温增幅呈从东南向西北逐渐增大的趋势。各极端气温指数对气候变暖具有较好的响应,其中霜冻日数对于山西省区域增暖的响应最显著,其次为日最低气温极大值。（4）山西省半干旱区的日最低气温极小、极大值增温更快,冰冻日数减少速度快;半湿润区的热夜日数增加速度快,霜冻日数减少速度快。 相似文献
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近34 a青藏高原年气温变化 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：21
对高原地区34 a（1971—2004年）82站共13 883 d的逐日日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温资料进行了统计，用REOF方法进行了分区，并讨论了趋势变化，结果表明：①无论年平均气温，还是年平均最高气温和最低气温，以35°N为界的南北变化的区域特征明显。在年平均气温和年最低气温中，西藏地区的累计方差比青海地区大，年最高气温中青海地区的累计方差比西藏地区大。②青藏高原地区年温度的分布主要取决于海拔高度、地理位置和地形的影响，而年温度的标准差与高原地区年降水的分布相似,但趋势相反，标准差大的区域主要在高原的西北部和四川的西南部。③高原大部分地区年平均气温、年最高和最低气温基本上是以增温的趋势为主，高原的西北部地区年平均气温增温幅度最明显，尤其以柴达木盆地增温幅度最大，增加幅度为0.8℃·(10a)-1以上。年最高温度青海的增幅比西藏明显，而年平均最低温度西藏的增幅比青海明显。 相似文献
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全球变化对宁夏近40 a极端气温变化的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对全球气候变暖背景下宁夏气候变化基本事实,利用近40多年来宁夏基本气象资料,对年平均气温、极端气温的变化进行了研究。结果表明,近40多年宁夏年平均气温呈连续上升趋势,1986年之后增温速率加快,增温幅度高于全国平均值;年极端最高气温、极端最低气温均在波动中持续上升,年极端最低气温上升幅度明显超过年极端最高气温;各季极端最高、极端最低气温呈非对称性变化,秋季各地极端最高气温增温幅度超过极端最低气温,但春夏冬三季极端最低气温增温远比极端最高气温明显,该特点在夏季表现得更突出;各月极端最高气温、极端最低气温均呈升温趋势。 相似文献
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民勤荒漠区气候变化对全球变暖的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,全球变暖已成为一个全世界广泛关注的问题。那么,荒漠气候是如何响应全球变暖的呢？以中国西北典型荒漠地区民勤为例进行了分析。结果表明,民勤荒漠区年平均气温的抬升速率高于20世纪全球气温抬升速率和中国近100 a气温抬升速率;2—6月和11—12月月平均气温表现为不同程度增温趋势,其中,2月增温最明显;从20世纪全球最暖的80—90年代开始极端最高气温变幅明显增大,极端最低气温间歇式下降,极端最高气温和极端最低气温的不稳定性增大;在变暖的同时,降水量表现为增加趋势;1956年以来当地沙尘暴发生日数表现为减少趋势,其原因主要是1961年以来当地的空气相对湿度增大,暖湿气候是导致沙尘暴减少的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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宁夏冬季气温的变化及同期500hPa环流特征量的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过近40多年来宁夏冬季气温的变化进行了研究,结果表明:宁夏冬季气温总趋势是变暖的,冬季平均气温在1985年前后发生突变,突变后升温最明显的是中部干旱带;宁夏冬季气候变暖与大区域有不同之处,1967-1990年宁夏冬季升温过程,最低气温是主要的,但1990年以后宁夏冬季的变暖,并不完全是由于最低气温的变暖而形成,最高气温的变暖也是20世纪90年代以来宁夏冬季气候变暖的重要特征;宁夏极端气温变化具有明显阶段性特征,80年代末期以后极端最低气温的变率明显增大;冬季北半球500 hpa极涡面积、亚洲西风环流指数、东亚大槽位置、西太平洋副热带高压强度与宁夏冬季平均气温有较为一致的年代际气候特征;小波分析发现,以上环流特征量与宁夏冬季平均气温存在相同的4年左右的主周期变化,且在时、频域上有较为一致的对应关系。 相似文献
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利用平果县城区1958～2006年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降雨量、日照时数、低云量等气象要素和邻近的隆安、田东两县部分气温资料,通过线性趋势、滑动平均、年代际统计及对比分析,结果表明,平果城区近50年来气候变化特点为气温呈明显上升、降水和日照时数呈略减少趋势。特别是上世纪90年代以来,气温增幅更加显著,平均最低气温增幅明显高于平均最高气温;但各季增温幅度差异较大,对气候变暖贡献最大的是秋季,冬季次之,夏季增幅不明显,春季平均气温和平均最高气温甚至有弱的下降趋势。同时,通过对比分析表明,进入21世纪以来,平果县城区气温增幅整体上比邻近的隆安、田东两县高出0.4℃～0.6℃,说明城区热岛效应正在显著加强,已经对城区气候环境产生了较大的负面影响。 相似文献
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根据兴义市1970年～2000年的气温资料,从平均气温、最高气温、最低气温以及异常气温等多个方面对兴义市近30年的气温变化进行了统计分析,得出近30年来兴义市年平均气温呈上升趋势(0.15℃/10年),特别是20世纪90年代以来增温明显,且冬季变暖趋势大于夏季。可以以20世纪80年代中期为界,将兴义近30年分为冷、暖两个阶段,前期为冷期,后期为暖期。 相似文献
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On the basis of the summer daily-precipitation meteorological data collected from weather stations across Northwest China from 1957 to 2016, this study evaluated the trends in 12-daily precipitation indices in the summer season and their relations with air temperature. Precipitation-event intensity, which was averaged over the total study area, increased in recent decades although the total precipitation continuously decreased. In particular, intensity generally decreased in the northern and eastern parts and increased in the southern and western parts of the study area. None of the 12 precipitation indices was significantly correlated with temperature in Xinjiang; R95 N(number of events with precipitation greater than the long-term95 th percentile), RX1 day(greatest 1-day total precipitation), PI(simple daily intensity), and R10(number of heavy-precipitation days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature in Qinghai–Gansu. However, low correlation coefficients were observed. In the Loess Plateau, P(total precipitation), WS(maximum number of consecutive wet days),R95 N, and WD(number of wet days) were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas Gini(gini concentration index) and DS(maximum number of consecutive dry days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature. Results of the study suggested that climate shift was evident in terms of daily precipitation, and the study area faced new challenges involving precipitation-event intensity increasing in the southwestern part and unevenly dispersing in the northwest. 相似文献
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The regional changes of daily temperature extremes in North China caused by urbanization are studied further from observed facts and model estimates on the basis of homogenized daily series of maximum and minimum temperature observations from 268 meteorological stations, NCEP/DOE AMIP-Ⅱ reanalysis data(R-2), and the data of simulations by regional climate model(RegCM3). The observed facts of regional warming on long time scales are obtained by analyzing the indices of temperature extremes during two time periods of 1961–2010 and 1951–2010. For urbanization effect, the contributions to decreases in annual and winter diurnal temperature range(DTR) are 56.0% and 52.9%, respectively, and increases in the lowest minimum temperature(TNn) are 35.7% and 26.2% by comparison of urban and rural observations. Obtained by R-2 data with observations for contrast, on the other hand, increase in the number of annual warm nights(TN90p) contributed by urbanization is 60.9%. And observed facts of regional warming in daily temperature extremes are also reflected in the simulations, but what difference is urbanization progress at rural areas in North China would be prominent in the next few years relative to urban areas to some extent from model estimates. 相似文献
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The regional changes of daily temperature extremes in North China caused by ur- banization are studied further from observed facts and model estimates on the basis of ho- mogenized daily series of maximum and minimum temperature observations from 268 mete- orological stations, NCEP/DOE AMIP- Ⅱ reanalysis data （R-2）, and the data of simulations by regional climate model （RegCM3）. The observed facts of regional warming on long time scales are obtained by analyzing the indices of temperature extremes during two time periods of 1961-2010 and 1951-2010. For urbanization effect, the contributions to decreases in an- nual and winter diurnal temperature range （DTR） are 56.0% and 52.9%, respectively, and increases in the lowest minimum temperature （TNn） are 35.7% and 26.2% by comparison of urban and rural observations. Obtained by R-2 data with observations for contrast, on the other hand, increase in the number of annual warm nights （TN90p） contributed by urbaniza- tion is 60.9%. And observed facts of regional warming in daily temperature extremes are also reflected in the simulations, but what difference is urbanization progress at rural areas in North China would be prominent in the next few years relative to urban areas to some extent from model estimates. 相似文献
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中国近50年来日最低气温变化特征研究 总被引：71，自引：13，他引：58
利用1951~2000年全国241个测站1、4、7、10月(分别代表冬、春、夏、秋四季)及年平均的日最低气温资料,将中国划分为8个区域,并对不同区域在不同季节的日最低气温的变化特征进行了研究。结果发现:在全球气候变暖的背景下,日最低气温的增温是极为显著的,尤其是20?世纪80?年代中期之后,北方地区的增温比南方地区和青藏高原更加明显。20世纪70年代中期前后,日最低气温发生了近50年来的第一次变暖突变,此次变暖的趋势并不明显,而是以波动的形式表现出来,80年代中期后,出现了趋势极为明显的第二次变暖突变。研究不同季节的资料还发现,在南方及青藏高原地区夏季日最低气温有下降的趋势。 相似文献
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Quality-controlled and serially complete daily air temperature data are essential to evaluating and modelling the influences of climate change on the permafrost in cold regions. Due to malfunctions and location changes of observing stations, temporal gaps (i.e., missing data) are common in collected datasets. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Kriging spatial interpolation for estimating missing data to fill the temporal gaps in daily air temperature data in northeast China. A cross-validation experiment was conducted. Daily air temperature series from 1960 to 2012 at each station were estimated by using the universal Kriging (UK) and Kriging with an external drift (KED), as appropriate, as if all the observations at a given station were completely missing. The temporal and spatial variation patterns of estimation uncertainties were also checked. Results showed that Kriging spatial interpolation was generally desirable for estimating missing data in daily air temperature, and in this study KED performed slightly better than UK. At most stations the correlation coefficients (R2) between the observed and estimated daily series were >0.98, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the estimated daily mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax), and minimum (Tmin) of air temperature were <3℃. However, the estimation quality was strongly affected by seasonality and had spatial variation. In general, estimation uncertainties were small in summer and large in winter. On average, the RMSE in winter was approximately 1℃ higher than that in summer. In addition, estimation uncertainties in mountainous areas with complex terrain were significantly larger than those in plain areas. 相似文献