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1.
地表粗糙度是影响雷达后向散射系数的重要因素。该文在基于SAR影像反演地表土壤水分的过程中,考虑到地表粗糙度的野外测量误差、取值范围和雷达入射角等方面的影响,统计了裸土、农用地和草地等几种典型地表的粗糙度测量数据,以此限定AIEM模型的输入参数范围。首先,利用AIEM模型模拟雷达后向散射系数与粗糙度、土壤水分之间的关系,构建了基于曲面拟合思想的、与入射角相关的组合粗糙度参数,并以此为基础利用Envisat ASAR双极化数据(VV、VH)建立了土壤水分反演模型。经实测数据验证,在不同入射角范围内,基于该文建立的模型得到的土壤水分反演结果与实测值都有良好的相关性。与其他形式的组合粗糙度参数进行对比,该文提出的模型反演精度较高,能够适用于入射角范围在(5°,65°)内的SAR影像的反演。  相似文献   

2.
基于新的组合粗糙度参数的土壤水分微波遥感反演   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
土壤水分的时空分布是水文、气象等领域研究的重要参数。微波遥感因其全天时、全天候对地观测以及较强的穿透能力成为土壤水分反演的重要手段。该文以风沙滩地区为研究区,利用AIEM模型模拟雷达后向散射系数与粗糙度、土壤水分之间的关系,提出一种新的组合粗糙度参数S3/L,以法向菲涅尔反射系数代替土壤水分,建立了雷达后向散射系数与组合粗糙度、法向菲涅尔反射系数Г0的经验关系,利用Radarsat-2C波段双极化(VV、HH)数据构建了土壤水分反演模型。经实测数据验证,模型反演结果与实测值有着良好的相关性(R~2=0.8541),平均绝对误差为4.95%,均方根误差为6.00%。与以往同一区域的研究成果相比,该文提出的反演模型精度较高,更适合于风沙滩地区土壤水分的反演。研究结果可为该地区的水循环及水环境评价研究提供支持。  相似文献   

3.
利用遥感技术反演土壤水分对于我国西北地区农业干旱问题研究具有重要意义。该文以新疆焉耆盆地为研究区域,分别利用微波遥感数据(Sentinel-1ASAR)和光学遥感数据(Landsat8)计算土壤后向散射系数(σ0soil)和改进型温度植被干旱指数(MTVDI),并将σ0soil和MTVDI参数作用于支持向量机(SVM)回归算法,探讨了不同参数条件下SVM模型在土壤水分反演中的适应性。实验结果表明,相比只用单因子(σ0soil或MTVDI)作为模型参数,以σ0soil和MTVDI两者共同作为SVM模型输入参数时,土壤水分监测精度显著提高,其建模集决定系数R2=0.81,均方根误差RMSE=3.16%;验证集R2=0.89,RMSE=3.15%。最后,利用最优模型对研究区土壤水分进行了反演,并对不同土地类型含水量进行了评价,可为光学遥感与微波遥感协同反演土壤水分提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
植被覆盖地表主动微波遥感反演土壤水分算法研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
刘万侠  王娟  刘凯  钟凯文 《热带地理》2007,27(5):411-415,450
主动微波遥感监测土壤水分具有全天时、全天候并对地物有一定的穿透能力等特点,突破了传统测量方法和光学遥感获取土壤水分的局限。文中在分析植被对微波信号影响的基础上,总结了当前国内外基于主动微波遥感监测植被覆盖地表土壤水分的原理和方法,指出利用,宋朝景“水-云模型”从总的极化雷达后向散射中去除植被影响后,能够改进后向散射系数和土壤含水量之间的关系。最后利用ENVISAT ASAR数据,结合实地采样获得的土壤含水量数据拟合两者之间的关系,结果表明农作物覆盖地表土壤水分变化的估算算法还需要进一步发展和改进以提高反演精度。  相似文献   

5.
基于机载极化雷达技术的农作物覆盖区土壤水分估算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘伟  施建成  余琴 《干旱区地理》2005,28(6):856-861
从研究区辅助数据中获得植被覆盖区域农作物含水量,并对“水云模型”的参数进行了修改。从总的极化雷达后向散射中去除了植被影响;再应用简化的裸露地表模型和多极化数据特征消除了地表粗糙度的影响,从而能够通过多极化雷达数据得到地表土壤水分。经过文测数据验证表明农作物覆盖地表土壤水分变化的估算算法还需要更进一步发展和改进以提高反演精度,并探讨了应用极化雷达技术估算植被覆盖区土壤水分的方法。  相似文献   

6.
以香港东南海域为试验区,利用2006-2009年39幅ENVISAT ASAR影像反演风速,并用QuikSCAT风场数据对反演结果进行验证。在此基础上,计算出研究区2006-2009年平均风功率密度,从空间分布的角度对风能资源进行评价;同时基于同期1 096幅QuikSCAT风场数据,绘制月平均风速时序变化图,从时间尺度上对风能资源进行评价。结果表明:1)综合使用ENVISAT ASAR影像和QuikSCAT风场数据可实现较高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率的结合;2)基于CMOD5模型的风速反演方法切实可行且精度较高;3)该海域风能资源丰富,可用于并网风力发电;4)该海域风速的季节变化规律明显,具体表现为冬、秋季风速较大,夏、春季风速较小。  相似文献   

7.
基于水云模型分析植被后向散射系数的影响,采用考虑组合粗糙度定标的积分方程模型(IEM)与Oh模型,在不利用实测土壤含水率的前提下,建立基于多时相多极化SAR影像的IEM和Oh模型地表土壤含水率反演方法,以2004年5期Walnut Gulch流域ENVISAT-ASAR影像为例,采用加权平均、算术平均两种融合方法对两种模型的3期反演结果进行融合.结果表明:1)流域植被覆盖度低,各地类在植被去除前后的土壤含水率差值多期均值多在0.002 cm3/cm3以下,植被对反演结果的作用不显著;2)基于IEM、Oh模型反演的0720期、0805期、0824期土壤含水率的时空分布较一致,基于IEM模型反演的0714期与0818期土壤含水率较低,基于Oh模型的反演方法受影像极化方式制约,0714期、0818期土壤含水率的空间连续性差;3)基于IEM模型反演结果的均方根误差(RMSE)与偏差(Bias)低于Oh模型,其中0805期土壤含水率存在低估,而Oh模型反演结果在各期存在不同程度高估;4)考虑数据权重的加权平均方法优于算术平均方法,两种方法融合后的RMSE值降低了0.003~0.065 cm3/cm3,0720期、0805期两种方法的融合结果均改进了IEM模型反演结果偏低、Oh模型反演结果偏高的不足.该研究可为基于多时相SAR的多模型/方法土壤含水率反演以及多时相高精度土壤含水率获取提供参考.  相似文献   

8.
丁建丽  姚远 《地理科学》2013,(7):837-843
当前在干旱区土壤水分研究工作中,开展利用微波遥感技术高精度估算稀疏植被覆盖条件下地表粗糙度参数的研究是一项非常有意义的工作。基于微波遥感数据,结合土壤水分实测资料,以IEM模型为基础,分析雷达后向散射系数与土壤含水量、地表粗糙度参数之间的关系,利用最小二乘法和非线性回归的方法,建立光滑地表条件下的土壤含水量模型。结果表明:模型提取的土壤水分与实测值之间有很好的相关性,决定系数达到0.886,所建立的土壤水分信息提取模型在裸土以及稀疏植被覆盖地区能够得到较好的应用效果。  相似文献   

9.
一种改进的土壤水分微波遥感反演模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用微波遥感数据反演地表土壤水分有着较好的物理基础,可实现大范围土壤水分状况的遥感监测。本文基于被动微波传感器AMSR-E的X波段数据,将土壤水分值分解成基准值和日变化量两个部分,并分别建立反演模型,同时引入降雨修正因子来进一步提高土壤水分的估算精度;利用IDL语言实现了我们所研发的模型,并集成为新疆土壤水分遥感反演系统模块之一;利用Watch Dog2400与传统铝盒采样获取的新疆地面土壤水分数据,提取适合的模型经验参数,并对模型结果进行精度评价。结果表明,经改进的模型反演得到的新疆土壤水分结果比美国冰雪数据中心的土壤水分产品在精度上有显著提高:均方根误差由8.4%降低为4.25%;所研发的软件模块可为相关应用部门提供快速的大范围土壤水分监测产品。  相似文献   

10.
EnviSat ASAR数据在水情监测中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
在微波遥感领域,星载雷达是目前获取地球信息最主要的技术手段之一,而欧空局EnviSat卫星上搭载的先进合成孔径雷达ASAR是目前功能最为强大的星载雷达系统。以ASAR作为数据源,通过分析入射角、极化方式等因素对水体后向散射特性的影响,提出遥感水情监测中对ASAR数据产品的选取原则。根据水体在雷达图像数据中具有较低值的特点,使用阈值法识别水体。结果表明,使用H/H极化或V/H极化方式的数据都可以比较准确地提取水体信息。  相似文献   

11.
干旱半干旱地区砂田结构及水分特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为研究砂田的剖面结构和水分特征,对可用砂田和废弃砂田的剖面结构、土壤含水量、容重和田间最大持水量进行分析测定;建立模拟砂田,研究不同的砾石覆盖条件对土壤水分的影响。结果表明,具有共性的砂田剖面分为5层,分别命名为覆盖层、混合层、根系密集层、淋溶层和钙积层。砾石覆盖可以显著增加土壤含水量,加深淋溶层的下限,剖面结构完整的砂田比结构不完整的砂田的土壤水分状况好。下层土壤含水量显著受上层土壤含水量的影响。以小粒径砾石覆盖且覆盖厚度9 cm,最适土壤水分积累。砂田在覆砂的第一年土壤水分含量最低,之后逐渐增加,至覆砂后的6~12 a,土壤水分含量达到最高,之后逐渐降低。覆砂后6 a左右,土壤容重最小,田间持水量达最大值,此后随着砂田使用年限的增加,土壤容重逐渐增大,田间持水量逐渐减小。  相似文献   

12.
Sunlight is unpolarized; if it is reflected from a soil surface it will become partially polarized. The degree of polarization will be dependent upon the soil surface roughness and moisture content. The study of polarized visible light (PVL) reflectance has developed in the past two decades, from the use of a non-imaging photometer-polarimeter to record the surface roughness of laboratory samples, to the use of a camera and polarizing filter to estimate surface soil moisture in the field. It is demonstrated that PVL recorded at a high phase angle, from up to light aircraft altitudes, can successfully estimate surface soil moisture. This is possible regardless of solar angle, soil albedo or soil slope, over a wide but not umlimited range of surface soil moisture states, but only if surface disturbance and cloud cover are minimized.While PVL cannot, in general, rival currently available techniques for the remote sensing of surface soil moisture it is eminently suitable where an estimate of surface soil moisture is required at low cost for a small area.  相似文献   

13.
人工固沙植被区土壤水分动态及空间分布   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
土壤水分是干旱区固沙植被生长发育最主要的限制因子,了解其动态变化特征对沙区人工植被建设具有重要意义。本研究利用EnviroSMART土壤水分监测系统,于2009-2013年对宁夏沙坡头地区人工固沙植被区的土壤水分动态进行连续监测。结果表明:(1)降水对土壤水分状况及动态变化有较大的影响。土壤水分总体处于过度消耗状态,在非生长季,土壤水分没有明显的回升现象。(2)生长季初期(4-5月)为土壤水分弱消耗阶段;生长旺盛期(6-8月)为土壤水分快速消耗阶段,水分变化波动较剧烈,空间异质性最强;生长季末期(9-10月)的土壤水分处于相对稳定状态。(3)土壤水分随深度增加呈“S”形变化趋势,浅层的土壤含水量明显高于其他深度,200 cm深度土壤含水量较低且年际间变化不大(1.53%~2.10%)。湿润年份土壤水分剧烈变化的土层深度为0~100 cm,而干旱年份为0~20 cm。(4)相对于干旱年份,湿润年份的土壤含水量不但较高,而且水分变化波动较为剧烈。当土壤水分较低时,其变异性会随着土壤水分含量的增加而增加。(5)试验区灌木盖度在5年间呈下降趋势,一年生草本受降水量影响年际变化较大。受降水时空分布影响的土壤水分是沙坡头人工植被演替的重要驱动力。  相似文献   

14.
Overgrazing by increasing numbers of livestock in the Horqin Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, China, has led to extensive degradation of the region's sandy steppes. Degraded grasslands are generally classified into four main types: fixed (least degradation), semi-fixed (light degradation), semi-shifting (moderate degradation) and shifting (severe degradation) sandy lands, representing four stages of degradation development. An experiment was conducted in the Horqin Sandy Land to investigate changes in intensity of wind erosion at different stages of degradation development in sandy grasslands and determine the extent to which surface wind erosion was affected by surface-related soil and vegetation factors through their effects on surface roughness length and wind regimes. Daily wind erosion rate was monitored at four sites of degraded grassland over an erosive period from 1 April to 10 June in 2001. Soil and vegetation properties for these sites were also measured twice: one in mid-April prior to the establishment of vegetation and again in mid-June after the establishment of vegetation. Relationships between surface roughness length and soil and vegetation variables were examined at each of the two stages of vegetation development. This study shows striking differences in the intensity of surface wind erosion among sites. The daily wind erosion rate in the fixed sandy land was, on average, only about 1/5 of the rate in the semi-fixed sandy land, 1/14 of the rate in the semi-shifting sandy land and 1/47 of the rate in the shifting sandy land suggesting a much higher resistance of the fixed sandy land to wind erosion compared to other sites. Differences in rate of wind erosion between sites were attributed to between-site differences in soil and vegetation properties that exerted significant effects on wind regimes by altering surface roughness length. At the pre-establishment stage of vegetation, surface roughness length was determined by a combination of litter amount on the ground, soil surface hardness and soil moisture content, with litter amount explaining the greatest proportion of the variation. At the post-establishment stage of vegetation, the development of the surface roughness effects was mainly governed by vegetation characteristics (vegetation cover in particular), while the effects of soil surface hardness and soil moisture on surface roughness length are likely to be masked by vegetation effects. The findings suggest that better management practices of restoring vegetation in degraded grasslands are required to reduce soil erosion losses and achieve a sustainable livestock production in the Horqin Sandy Land, an ecologically fragile sandy land ecosystem.  相似文献   

15.
Plant moisture content(PMC) is used as an indicator of forest flammability, which is assumed to be affected by climate drought. However, the fire-induced drought stress on PMC and its spatial and temporal variations are unclear. Based on a parallel monitoring experiment from 2014 to 2015, this study compared the PMCs and soil moisture contents(SMC) at five post-fire sites in central Yunnan Plateau, Southwest China. The number of years since last fire(YSF), season, topographic position, plant species and tissue type(leaf and branch) were selected as causal factors of the variations in PMC and SMC. A whole year parallel monitoring and sampling in the post-fire communities of 1, 2, 5, 11 and 30 YSF indicated that drought stress in surface soils was the strongest in spring within the first 5 years after burning, and the SMC was regulated by topography, with 64.6% variation in soil moisture accounted for by YSF(25.7%), slope position(22.1%) and season(10.8%). The temporal variations of PMC and SMC differed at both interannual and seasonal scales, but the patterns were consistent across topographic positions. PMC differed significantly between leaves and branches, and among three growth-forms. The mean PMC was lower in broad-leaved evergreen species and higher in conifer species. Season and soil temperature were the primary determinants of PMC, accounting for 19.1% and 8.3% of variation in PMC, respectively. This indicated phenology-related growth rather than drought stress in soil as the primary driver of seasonal changes in PMC. The significant variations of PMC among growth forms and species revealed that seasonal soil temperature change and dominant species in forest communities are useful indicators of fire risk assessment in this region.  相似文献   

16.
土壤水分、盐分时空变异强,是影响土壤光谱特征的两个重要因素。土壤水分与盐分之间的关系以及土壤水分、盐分与土壤光谱特征间的关系直接关系到利用遥感光谱信息监测土壤盐渍化的精度。该文运用多元统计学及可见光-近红外反射光谱分析方法对2010年10月渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲盐渍土水分、盐分数据和盐渍土野外光谱数据进行分析,探讨该绿洲盐渍土表层(0~10cm)水盐信息与野外光谱特征间的关系。结果表明:1)土壤水分和土壤电导率可用Cubic曲线拟合,相关系数R=0.8503,土壤盐分和土壤电导率也可用Cubic曲线拟合,相关系数R=0.842,但土壤水分与盐分之间的显著性较弱,相关系数R=0.74。2)与原始野外光谱相比,包络线消除后光谱波段与土壤水分和土壤电导率之间的Pearson相关性都有不同程度的提高,利用包络线消除法后的波段分别建立盐渍土土壤水分、土壤电导率后向回归预测方程,为动态水盐条件下的盐渍土遥感监测提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

17.
Soil carbon dioxide content, temperature, and moisture were measured biweekly for one year at Pigeon Mountain, GA. Levels of soil CO2 ranged from 0.04% to 2.4% and were highest during the growing season, lowest during the winter. Soil temperature correlated positively with soil CO2, accounting for 90% of CO2 variation. Soil moisture variations decreased CO2 concentration at times of high soil water content when CO2 was flushed downward, and also at times of low soil moisture content when CO2 production was inhibited. A predictive model of logistic form using 14-day means of daily actual evapotranspiration fit the data well (R2= 0.83). The model also tested well against soil CO2 data acquired in the coastal plain at Rocky Point, NC. If actual evapotranspiration rates are known, the model permits estimation of soil CO2 without preliminary field work, and can be used for studies of karst denudation, which require soil CO2 data for seasonal and regional comparison of solution rates.  相似文献   

18.
快速、无损监测农田土壤水分含量,是智慧农业的重要研究内容。以新疆南疆阿拉尔国家农业科技园区膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象,运用EM38-MK2大地电导率仪快速、高效的获取了4组不同时期的棉田土壤表观电导率数据,并同步采集表层土壤(0~20 cm)样品,通过构建表观电导率数据与室内测定含水量数据间的反演模型获取了测点的含水量数据,并按照土壤水分干旱分级标准对研究区土壤水分进行划分,综合利用GIS软件和地统计方法对土壤水分的时空变异性进行研究。结果表明:4个时期的土壤水分反演模型决定系数均大于0.80且均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对百分误差(MAPE)均较小,表明反演模型精度较高,土壤表观电导率与表层土壤水分相关性较好;不同时期土壤含水量数据表明土壤水分具有很强的时间变异性,变异性由中等变异转变为弱变异再转变为中等变异;受人为灌溉等因素的影响,变异函数模型也存在差异;半方差分析中4个时期的土壤水分块金值与基台值之比均大于75%,表明土壤水分在空间上趋近于弱空间相关;高程反距离权重(IDW)插值图及水分克里格插值图表明微地形是影响土壤水分分布的重要因素。本研究可为干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤水分动态监测提供重要的方法支撑,从而更好地指导农业灌溉。  相似文献   

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