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1.
1950-2000年中国北方干旱气候变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Based on China‘s monthly precipitation data of 629 stations during 1950-2000, we calculated Z indices and separated them into seven Dryness and Wemess grades. Further, a drought area index was proposed to study changes in drought severity in northern China. The results revealed that the different severity of droughts all showed expanding trends in northern China‘s main agricultural area. Moreover, the area coverage of droughts in different seasons and different regions disolaved different trends. 相似文献
2.
黄土高原气象干旱和农业干旱特征及其相互关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择标准化降水指数（SPI）和植被状态指数（VCI）分别作为评价黄土高原气象干旱和农业干旱的指标，使用干旱频率和Sen斜率分析了黄土高原地区干旱的分布特征与变化趋势，并探讨了气象干旱与农业干旱的相关性。结果表明：① 黄土高原西部干旱频率总体上高于东部。气象干旱和农业干旱变化趋势在空间上表现有所不同，黄土高原西部、北部气象干旱呈不显著减缓趋势，东部和南部呈不显著加重趋势，但绝大部分地区的农业干旱呈减缓趋势，尤其是400 mm等降水量一线两侧区域。② 季节上，黄土高原夏季和秋季气象干旱频率较高，春季和冬季气象干旱频率相对较低。黄土高原农业干旱频率春季最高，夏季其次，VCI对农业干旱实时监测的适用性更强。③ 不同季节，农业干旱滞后气象干旱的时间长短不同，冬季滞后约2个月，春季滞后约1个月，夏季和秋季滞后少于1个月。黄土高原一熟制种植区的SPI-12值与VCI值具有较好的正相关性。研究结果可以为黄土高原的干旱监测和预警、干旱区划以及干旱灾害风险评估提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
干旱强度及发生时间对华北平原五省冬小麦产量影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2001-2016年时间分辨率为8 d的MOD09A1和MOD16A2的数据集,构建了基于NDVI和ET/PET的干旱指数（DSI）,分析华北平原五省不同程度的干旱在时间和空间上的分布情况,探究不同程度的干旱作用于冬小麦不同生长阶段对农作物产量产生的影响。研究表明：① 年际分布上,2001-2002年干旱最为严重,其余年份干旱显著减缓,年内分布上,干旱主要集中发生在春季和秋季,夏季次之,冬季最少;② 空间分布上,河北北部、河南南部、安徽及江苏的中部和北部、山东东部是干旱多发区;③ 干旱对冬小麦产量的影响研究表明,越冬期发生初旱对产量起促进作用,而在乳熟成熟阶段发生初旱则会导致农作物减产;轻旱发生在乳熟期会对冬小麦产量产生显著影响,而中旱发生在开花、乳熟成熟期都会对产量产生显著影响,随干旱程度加重,干旱对作物产量产生显著负作用的生长期越长;此外,在播种时若出现水分短缺也会对冬小麦的产量产生影响,尤其是发生重旱和特旱。研究不同强度干旱发生在不同生长阶段对冬小麦产量的影响,对研究区的灌溉时间规划以及保墒增产具有重要理论与现实意义。 相似文献
4.
基于多变量概率分析的珠江流域干旱特征研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
根据珠江流域42 个站点1960-2005 年的46 年日降水资料,以6 个月尺度的SPI 值表征珠江流域干旱情况。通过Mann-Kendall 趋势分析研究了珠江流域干旱时间演变特征,同时基于多变量Copula 函数,在定义的两种不同干旱情景下,根据两变量联合重现期及其对应的第二重现期,比较性地研究了珠江流域的干旱风险。研究结果表明：(1) 珠江流域西部有变旱的趋势而东部有变湿润的趋势,其中显著的变旱趋势集中在11、12、1 月,显著的变湿趋势集中在6、7 月。同时除个别站点外,干旱历时和干旱严重程度趋势不显著;(2) 珠江流域整体上干旱风险较大,东部要比西部干旱风险高。珠江流域内发生长历时干旱时,干旱严重程度也往往很大,对干旱风险管理很不利。在发生严重程度的干旱时,珠江流域东部的干旱高风险区域增加,威胁珠江三角洲地区水资源安全;(3) 由于第二重现期综合考虑了各种情况,可能第二重现期对干旱风险分析的结果更稳健一些。 相似文献
5.
Woonsup Choi Hi-Ryong Byun Claudio Cassardo Jinmu Choi 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(3):463-475
This study examined meteorological and streamflow droughts for the period from 1951 to 2006 using the Milwaukee River basin in Wisconsin as the study area in an effort to improve the understanding of drought propagation. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the temporal trends of meteorological and streamflow droughts identified by drought indicators? (2) How do the drought indicators manifest drought propagation? Meteorological droughts were identified using the Effective Drought Index (EDI), and streamflow droughts were identified using a threshold-level approach. The intensity and duration of both types of drought were found to have decreased over time, most likely due to increasing precipitation. Therefore, in the study area, and likely in the larger region, drought has become of less concern. The propagation of meteorological drought into streamflow drought was detected generally after moderate and severe sequences of negative EDI that eventually led to extreme meteorological drought events. The study finds that both EDI and the threshold-level approach are effective in diagnosing meteorological and streamflow drought events of all durations. 相似文献
6.
Samuel Ogunjo Adeyemi Olusola Olufemi Durowoju 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(3):479-498
Droughts affect human well-being and the economy of countries across the world. Understanding the long-term evolution of droughts within a particular region will help in drought mitigation and adaptation plans, thereby reducing drought impact on the environment. This study examined the multidecadal trends in hydrological droughts at two stations along River Niger using 3-month, 6-month, and annual time scales. Hydrological drought events were identified using the streamflow drought index (SDI) between 1915 and 1990 based on the Theil-Sen slope and Mann-Kendall approaches. Across the timescales, extreme and severe droughts occurred in 1982/84 and 1983/84 with -2 ≤ Sd < -1.5. On an annual scale, the results from the annual SDI further showed that the 7th and 8th decades (1971−1990) recorded more drought events of varying degrees ranging from mild to extreme drought in both stations than in other decades. The last two decades (7th and 8th) further revealed the most extended hydrological drought duration from 1974/75 to 1988/89 for Baro and from 1979/80 to 1988/89 for Lokoja. The highest severity recorded at Baro was -15.56 and -14.26 at Lokoja. The prolonged duration of drought events across the stations and their associated yearly intensities suggests that more proactive measures are needed to ameliorate the hydrological drought impact in the study area. 相似文献
7.
Kent M. McGregor 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):288-301
The Palmer Index was used to compare the droughts of the 1930s and the 1950s in the central United States. A series of maps was produced to compare the droughts in terms of location, severity, and duration. The results indicated the 1930s drought lasted longer and consisted of three distinct waves. The 1950s drought, although shorter in overall duration, was actually more intense over a larger area for a longer period. There were changes in the size and configuration of the drought-affected area, but both droughts were especially persistent in a core region on the High Plains. A simple index of overall drought impact was developed based on the drought-affected area and the Palmer value from each climatic division. The probability of drought occurrence was calculated for each of the 76 climatic divisions in the study area. [Key words: drought, Palmer Index, Great Plains.] 相似文献
8.
利用中国华北、东北（110~140°E，34.5~55°N）126个站1901—2015年月尺度标准化降水蒸散指数（[WTBX]SPEI[WTBZ]-1），去除11月到次年2月（即北方冬季）的数据后，利用聚类分析将研究区域分为东北地区中北部（Ⅰ区）、东北地区南部（Ⅱ区）、华北地区南部（Ⅲ区）、华北地区北部（Ⅳ区）以及华北地区西部（Ⅴ区）5个气候区，利用游程理论在识别单站强干旱事件的基础上，给出区域强干旱事件的识别标准，并与实际干旱事件相比较，检验方法的适用性；分析不同区域强干旱事件年代际的分布特征和演变规律；基于拟合优度最高的Copula函数，以华北西部（Ⅴ区）为例，分析其强干旱事件的重现规律；分析在相同重现期条件下，干旱历时与干旱强度的分布特征。结果表明：（1） 区域强干旱事件的识别标准对于中国华北、东北强干旱事件具有较好的适用性。（2） 华北北部（Ⅳ区）的强干旱最为严重，且较易发生连旱事件。（3） 华北西部（Ⅴ区）的一般性强干旱事件有约5 a～6 a的周期，1929年、1941年和1965年分别有一次特别严重的强干旱事件发生，其重现期分别约为94 a～102 a、93 a～101 a和35 a～41 a。（4） 对于2 a、5 a、10 a、20 a、50 a和100 a一遇的强干旱事件，华北北部（Ⅳ区）的强干旱事件最为严重，华北西部（Ⅴ区）次之。 相似文献
9.
衡阳盆地农业旱灾脆弱性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
衡阳盆地是湖南省重要的农业生产基地之一 ,也是全国著名的严重干旱区。旱灾已成为该区农业经济可持续发展的重要制约性因素之一。依据长时间序列的旱灾资料和经济统计数据 ,运用数学模型和有关优化分析方法 ,对衡阳盆地农业旱灾脆弱性进行定量分析 ,以揭示其旱灾脆弱性的地理分布规律 ,为该区防旱抗旱决策提供科学依据 相似文献
10.
Based on the collation and statistical analysis of flood and drought information in Baoji area from 1368 to 1911, and in the context of climate change, we investigated the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought and flood disaster chains in this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using the methods of moving average, cumulative anomaly and wavelet analysis. The results are as follows: (1) We found a total of 297 drought and flood events from 1368 to 1911 in Baoji. Among these events, droughts and floods occurred separately 191 and 106 times, which accounted for 64.31% and 35.69% of the total events, respectively. (2) We observed distinct characteristics of flood and drought events in Baoji in different phases. The climate was relatively dry from 1368 to 1644. A fluctuant climate phase with both floods and droughts occurred from 1645 to 1804. The climate was relatively wet from 1805 to 1911. Moreover, we observed a pattern of alternating dry and wet periods from 1368 to 1911. In addition, 3 oscillation periods of drought and flood events occurred around 70 a, 110 a and 170 a, which corresponded to sunspot cycles. (3) We also observed an obvious spatial difference in drought and flood events in Baoji. The northern and eastern parts of Weihe River basin were regions with both frequent droughts and floods. (4) The sequential appearance of drought and flood disaster chains in Baoji from 1368 to 1911 was in response to global climate change. Since the 1760s, global climatic deterioration has frequently led to extreme drought and flood events. 相似文献
11.
Based on the collation and statistical analysis of flood and drought information in Baoji area from 1368 to 1911, and in the context of climate change, we investigated the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought and flood disaster chains in this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties using the methods of moving average, cumulative anomaly and wavelet analysis. The results are as follows:(1) We found a total of 297 drought and flood events from 1368 to 1911 in Baoji. Among these events, droughts and floods occurred separately 191 and 106 times, which accounted for 64.31% and 35.69% of the total events, respectively.(2) We observed distinct characteristics of flood and drought events in Baoji in different phases. The climate was relatively dry from 1368 to 1644. A fluctuant climate phase with both floods and droughts occurred from 1645 to 1804. The climate was relatively wet from 1805 to 1911. Moreover, we observed a pattern of alternating dry and wet periods from 1368 to 1911. In addition, 3 oscillation periods of drought and flood events occurred around 70 a, 110 a and 170 a, which corresponded to sunspot cycles.(3) We also observed an obvious spatial difference in drought and flood events in Baoji. The northern and eastern parts of Weihe River basin were regions with both frequent droughts and floods.(4) The sequential appearance of drought and flood disaster chains in Baoji from 1368 to 1911 was in response to global climate change. Since the 1760s, global climatic deterioration has frequently led to extreme drought and flood events. 相似文献
12.
华北不同地表覆盖类型区干旱演变特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用华北地区气象站点1960～2008年共49年的降水旬数据集逐旬计算1个月、3个月、12个月尺度的标准化降水指数(SPI)序列。采用SPI历史序列的多年滑动平均和滑动标准差方法,解析研究区及3种主要地表覆盖类型区(草原区、农田区、阔叶林带)干旱在整个时间序列上的演变周期和幅度。采用线性回归分析干旱的演变趋势和变化频度,并对趋势线进行预测。对比了3个子区域全年12个月份干旱演变特征的差异。结果表明:研究区干旱发生的频率和强度呈逐渐加重的趋势,且各月份干旱发展趋势有较大差异,夏季的6月、7月降水较历史时期增多,春旱(4月)、秋旱(9月和10月)加重趋势显著。草原区在整个历史时期的干旱变化趋势不如南部农作物区和中部阔叶林带明显。农作物区9月、10月两月份干旱加重的趋势最显著,说明黄淮海平原区的夏玉米将越来越受到秋旱的威胁,防旱抗旱形势重于冬小麦面临的春旱,冬小麦的秋种受干旱的影响将加重。 相似文献
13.
The temporal variability and severity of pre-instrument record summer droughts in the Ohio River Valley (Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, USA) are not well understood. This study attempts to help fill this gap in Ohio Valley drought knowledge by using tree-ring chronologies from Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to reconstruct summer (June through August) PDSI. We found that recent meteorological droughts of 1988 and 2012 are not unusual in the context of those reconstructed for the interval of 1680–2012. Droughts prior to 1895 (when the instrument-based record began) were more severe and lasted, on average, 1.5 times longer than those after 1895. The North American Drought Atlas represents droughts well for this region, but we found that drought severity was not homogeneous across the three sites. This indicates drought in the Ohio River Valley should be examined at a sub-regional level and suggests a need for a finer spatial representation of tree-ring chronologies in the Ohio Valley. Given the context of historical drought variability, the reconstructions suggest this region should be prepared for droughts that may be more severe and longer lasting than those recently observed. 相似文献
14.
干旱作为频发的全球性自然灾害之一，造成了严重的社会、经济和生态环境问题。以西藏主要耕作区为研究区，2001—2015年MODIS、TRMM和SRTM DEM数据为数据源，利用植被状态指数（VCI）、温度条件指数（TCI）和降水状态指数（PCI）〖WTBZ〗等模型参量，采用空间主成分分析方法构建区域干旱综合监测模型，对模型精度和可靠性进行检核验证，并以所建模型对研究区2001—2015年逐月干旱进行识别，采用地理时空分析方法对研究区干旱变化特征及趋势进行研究。结果表明，干旱综合监测指数（DCMI）能够较好地反映区域土壤相对湿度与标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）的变化，干旱综合监测模型具有较好的适用性；研究区全年干旱频率在空间分布上呈现出西高东低的特征，大部分地区干旱频率小于20%，约12.41%的区域干旱频率超过20%；从不同等级干旱发生频率来看，日喀则市为轻旱、中旱易发区，重旱易发区则集中于日喀则市和昌都市的中部及东部地区；区域月际干旱频率空间格局差异较大，全年干旱易发生于1、8、11月等月份，局部地区干旱易发月份存在差异；区域年内旱情变化趋势差异性较大，10月~次年9月，旱情加剧区域呈现出随月份变化由耕作区东部向西部逐渐转移的趋势。 相似文献
15.
基于SPEI指数的近53年河南省干旱时空变化特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
干旱在中国发生较为频繁,对农作物的影响较大。基于1961-2013年实测气象资料,利用标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）定量分析了河南省不同时间尺度干旱发生频率和发生强度,揭示了该地区干旱发生的时空演变特征及干旱发生的原因。结果表明：SPEI值能较好地反映河南省干旱的变化特征;随着时间尺度的减小,SPEI值波动幅度增加,干旱发生频率增加。近53年河南省干旱发生频率总体呈上升趋势,且各地区之间分布不均匀。周口地区发生频率最高,达35%以上;豫中和豫西地区最低,为26%左右。四季中以春、夏两季干旱发生最为严重,其次为秋季,冬季最弱。在年际变化方面,1966-1968年、1998-2000年和2011-2013年发生了大范围的持续干旱。干旱发生强度呈现豫北和豫西偏东地区高,豫东和豫南北部地区低特点;干旱发生强度最强的地区为安阳,为22.18%,最弱的地区为驻马店,为16.60%。 相似文献
16.
气候变暖背景下中国干旱变化的区域特征 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在全球气温日趋升高和极端降水增加的气候背景下，近年来中国干旱变化特征异常突出，新形势下需进一步深入认识干旱发生特征及影响机制。利用1960-2014年中国527个气象站逐日气温和降水量数据，选用改进的综合气象干旱指数（MCI）作为干旱监测指标，详细分析了中国各区域干旱强度、次数和持续时间变化特征及其差异性。结果表明：1960年以来，中国各区域干旱程度加重，范围增大，次数增多，持续时间增长。干旱特征发生了明显的区域变化，各个区域干旱变化差异显著。西南、华中、华北和华南区域干旱程度明显加重，主要是重度以上干旱次数较多。华北和西南干旱年数最多，为45年，其他地方为35~36年，华北重度以上干旱年份最多，为14年，其次是东北和华南的7年。干旱发生时间和区域也有随机性，中国各区域四季都有可能发生干旱，干旱不仅发生在北方干旱和半干旱区域，在南方湿润和半湿润区域同样发生。各区域以夏旱为主，东北以春旱和夏旱居多，华南以秋旱为主。干旱持续时间不等，有时高达9个月。有些区域年内干旱呈单峰型，有些区域为双峰型。气候变暖背景下，中国各个区域干旱呈加重趋势。 相似文献
17.
明清时期凉山地区水旱灾害时空分布特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在对四川凉山地区明清时期地方志及四川省志、档案材料、水旱灾害调查材料、今人水旱灾害史料汇编、旱涝分布图集、相关论著等所载水旱灾害史料搜集整理基础上,对四川凉山地区明清时期水灾和旱灾时空分布特征进行了量化统计分析。研究表明:明清时期四川凉山地区水旱灾害频发,而水灾较旱灾更为频繁;水旱灾害发生时间主要集中在春夏季节,其他季节分布较少;水灾与旱灾多隔年发生,较少同年爆发;水旱灾害等级以一般性水旱灾害和大水旱灾害为主,特大水旱灾害相对较少;水旱灾害多发地带集中在金沙江下游一带、安宁河流域一带,其他地域相对较少。明清时期四川凉山地区水旱灾害发生规律对当前凉山地区水旱灾害的防灾减灾具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
18.
基于SPEI法的陇东地区近50 a干旱化时空特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取陇东地区近50 a平均逐月降水和气温数据,采用Mann-Kendall方法、反距离加权插值（IDW）、功率谱分析、标准化降水蒸散发指数（SPEI）等方法分析了陇东地区近50 a来干旱变化的时空特征。研究显示：近50 a来陇东地区干旱化趋势非常明显,特别是20世纪90年代以来干旱趋势显著。持续干旱事件次数增多,持续干旱累积时间增长,以春夏连旱、伏秋连旱的次数增多为显著特征。发生干旱的周期在不同的时间尺度上表现不一致,随着时间尺度的增长,干旱出现的周期也在变长。干旱发生频率不断加快,尤其是在20世纪90年代以来,极端干旱事件的频率显著上升。近50 a来干旱频率较高的区域在环县西北部和六盘山以西静宁等地,干旱高频区逐步向中南部和东部转移。通过与其他方法对比分析和历史资料比对,证明SPEI在陇东地区有较好的适用性。 相似文献
19.
内蒙古典型地区牧户气候变化感知与适应的实证研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国北方草原地区是气候变化影响的脆弱和敏感地区。研究北方草原地区牧户对气候变化的感知和适应,对于提高牧区气候变化的适应能力,促进草原地区可持续发展意义重大。本文利用问卷调查的实证分析方法,研究了内蒙古草甸草原、荒漠草原、荒漠生态区牧户对气候变化趋势和极端气候灾害事件的感知和适应的现状与行为特征。结果表明：过去30年内蒙... 相似文献
20.
1961-2015年新疆降水及干旱特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
基于1961-2015 年新疆地区51 个气象站过去55 a 逐日降水资料,借助标准化降水指数、降水距平百分率表征干旱,利用线性趋势,K-means 聚类,Mann-Kendall 非参数检验,Morlet 小波分析等方法,分析过去55 a 降水及干旱变化特征。研究表明：（1）过去55 a 新疆降水量、雨日整体呈上升趋势,相关系数为0.83,降水量增加主要表现为雨日增长;降水空间分布和聚类得出,降水呈现显著“北多南少”格局,3 个降水分区的降水量表现为III 区 > II 区 > I 区。（2）干旱指数SPI、降水距平Pa极显著相关,干旱频次、影响范围、严重性总体呈现下降趋势;干旱变化率空间分布整体存在一致性,由南向北干旱缓解趋势增大,但局域上又有异质性,北疆个别站点干旱加剧;（3）干旱变化具有周期性,主周期为8 a,次主周期为4 a、16 a。 相似文献