共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
中国河流入海颗粒态碳通量及其变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河流是连接海洋和陆地两大碳库的纽带,其碳通量是全球碳循环的重要环节。本文以《中国河流泥沙公报》的数据为基础,就中国河流入海颗粒态碳通量及其变化特征进行分析。结果表明：1965-2005年,中国河流入海颗粒态碳通量平均为29.57 TgC.yr-1,占河流入海碳通量的42%,其中有机碳占36.02%,无机碳占63.98%,长江、黄河和珠江的颗粒态碳通量占全国河流入海颗粒态碳通量的96.25%。从2003年开始,河流入海颗粒态碳通量呈逐年递减的趋势,但颗粒态有机碳通量在河流入海颗粒态碳通量中所占的比重有所提高。2009年,全国通过河流泥沙输送到海洋中的碳仅为6.59 TgC,为1965-2005年平均输碳量的22.3%。由此可见,颗粒态碳通量在河流碳通量中占有不可忽视的地位,为了准确评估中国河流及陆地生态系统的碳收支,应对颗粒态碳通量进行细致研究。 相似文献
2.
有机碳沉积作用在一定时间尺度上形成海洋碳汇作用的最终净效应,北冰洋陆架的有机碳沉积作用在全球碳循环中有着尤为重要的地位。为了测定楚科奇海陆架的有机碳沉积通量,本文应用210Pb测年法对中国第3次北极考察R17站位的沉积物样品的年龄及沉积速率进行了分析测定,并结合表层沉积物中有机碳的含量计算得到了楚科奇海陆架北缘的有机碳沉积通量。结果显示,该站位的沉积速率为0.6 mm/a,表观沉积质量通量为0.72 kg/m2/a,有机碳沉积通量为517 mmol C/m2/a。经估算,真光层输出的有机碳中约有29 %被长期封存在沉积物中,远高于中低纬度的正常值（~10 %）,说明楚科奇海陆架区具有高效的碳汇作用。 相似文献
3.
中国首次北极科学考察期间 ,于 8月 2 0- 2 3日在楚科奇海浮冰区联合冰站实施了为期 4天的短期颗粒有机物通量研究。结果显示真光层的颗粒有机碳通量为 1 .582mgCm- 2 day- 1 ,2 2 0m深层为 1 .339mgCm- 2 day- 1 ,而相应的沉降颗粒物总通量分别高达 8.788和 1 0 .30 3mgm- 2 day- 1 。显示北极浮冰区的夏季融冰季节后期 ,颗粒有机碳通量的水平较低。与颗粒有机碳通量水平相似 ,生源硅和活性磷的通量水平也较低。对硅藻通量组份的分析表明 ,真光层沉降硅藻的优势种为Nitzschiacf.seriata、Naviculaglacialis和Melosirasp .,而 2 2 0m层则Lepto cylindrussp .占绝对优势 ,其丰度数量百分比均超过 70 %。硅藻碳通量的绝对值较低 ,为0 .1 0 7- 0 .1 1 3mgCm- 2 day- 1 。然而 ,真光层大型桡足类的碳估算值高达 1 0 8.67mgCm- 2day- 1 ,占浮游动物总碳量的 95 .3 % ,大型浮游动物的表观碳通量高于浮游植物碳通量 2- 3个数量级 ,显示楚科奇海夏季融冰期高浮游动物碳量、低浮游植物碳量的特点。但浮游动物表观碳量高的主要原因与浮游动物的昼夜垂直运动有关 ,却并非是实际向深层海洋传输的碳量 相似文献
4.
为探讨高寒地区生态修复用地土壤颗粒有机碳（POC）分解特征,以祁连山南坡的修复草地和修复林地为研究对象,使用离心法将土壤分为砂粒（2 000—50 μm）、粉粒（2—50 μm）和黏粒（<2 μm）,对土壤颗粒有机碳含量、土壤颗粒有机碳分配及颗粒有机碳稳定同位素组成特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）两种修复用地均能提高颗粒有机碳的含量,新增的颗粒有机碳在修复草地中以砂粒有机碳为主体,在修复林地以粉粒和黏粒有机碳为主体。（2）3种土壤颗粒δ13C值均随粒径变小而增大,δ13C值与颗粒有机碳含量对数的回归斜率随着粒径变小而降低,修复林地叶片与表土有机碳的δ13C值分馏幅度高于修复草地,根系与表土有机碳的δ13C值分馏幅度小于修复草地。（3）修复草地砂粒、粉粒、黏粒有机碳平均周转时间分为9、20、34 a,修复林地分别为20、29、94 a,且两种修复用地的3种颗粒有机碳周转时间均有随修复年限增加而变长趋势。两种生态修复用地土壤颗粒有机碳的分解程度和周转速率均随着粒径减小而增大,从叶片转换为黏粒有机碳的过程中,修复林地周转速率较大,从根系转换成黏粒有机碳的过程中,修复草地更快。 相似文献
5.
2013年8月,以位于新疆维吾尔自治区天山中部的巴音布鲁克天鹅湖湿地为研究区,通过野外调查和采样,对巴音布鲁克天鹅湖湿地植物、土壤和水体有机碳含量进行了研究,估算了该湿地的有机碳密度和储量。结果表明,天鹅湖湿地土壤有机碳密度为5.10 kg/m2,植物地上部分的有机碳密度为0.13 kg/m2,植物地下部分的有机碳密度为2.55 kg/m2,水体有机碳质量浓度为12.78 mg/L;天鹅湖湿地总有机碳储量约为51.675×108kg,其中,植物地上部分的总有机碳储量为1.123×108kg,占总有机碳储量的2.17%;土壤总有机碳储量为33.599×108kg,占65.02%;植物地下部分的总有机碳储量为16.945×108kg,占32.79%;水体总有机碳储量约为0.008×108kg,占0.02%。 相似文献
6.
普里兹湾是南大洋碳循环研究典型代表海区,也是中国历次南大洋考察的重点调查区域。从初级生产力、营养盐、叶绿素、海-气CO2通量、真光层颗粒有机碳（POC）输出通量,净群落生产力（NCP）等方面综合阐述了其碳循环特征。生物泵运转效率和海冰过程是碳吸收的主要控制因素。普里兹湾总体上可以从陆坡划界,分为湾内和湾外两大部分。两者碳循环特征差异显著。湾内碳循环过程活跃,是南大洋夏季的高生产力区域。湾外则表现出高营养盐、低叶绿素（HNLC）特征,初步认为存在Fe限制。总体上,溶解有机碳（DOC）、POC、营养盐、叶绿素、二氧化碳分压（pCO2）等存在从湾内向湾外随纬度递增或递减的规律。海冰消长对碳循环过程影响剧烈。夏季融冰造成的冰藻释放、水体垂直稳定性增加是提高生物生产力的首要原因。总体上普里兹湾的碳循环受各种生物、物理过程及其耦合作用控制,对南大洋碳循环机制研究有重要意义。 相似文献
7.
2013年5月,在乌梁素海湿地的明水区、湖中芦苇(Phragmites australis)区、人工芦苇区(弃耕26 a)和弃耕芦苇区(弃耕3 a),采集0~40 cm深度的土壤(或沉积物)样品,研究土壤的有机碳组成[颗粒有机碳(POC)和矿质结合有机碳(MOC)]和碳储量。乌梁素海明水区的平均水深1~3 m,生长着沉水植物;湖中芦苇区水深约1 m,自然生长着野生芦苇,常年淹水;弃耕芦苇区为2011年农田退耕后形成的芦苇沼泽,季节性淹水;人工芦苇区的芦苇于1988年种植,季节性淹水。结果表明,明水区和湖中芦苇区表层土壤(0~10 cm深度)的总有机碳含量(15 g/kg)明显高于弃耕芦苇区[(2.60±0.33)g/kg]和人工芦苇区[(6.29±0.75)g/kg]。随着土壤深度的增加,人工芦苇区、明水区和湖中芦苇区土壤的总有机碳(TOC)含量都在减少。弃耕芦苇区各深度土壤的总有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量都相对最低。湖中芦苇区表层土壤的颗粒有机碳含量[(6.96±3.02)g/kg]最高,并且随着土壤深度的增加,其颗粒有机碳含量减少最快。除弃耕芦苇区外,其他采样区土壤(沉积物)的矿质结合有机碳含量都随着土壤深度的增加而减少,且在10~20 cm深度变化最明显,与颗粒有机碳含量垂直变化相似。明水区沉积物的颗粒有机碳含量占总有机碳含量的比例相对较低,表明其碳库最稳定。各采样区土壤(沉积物)不同组分有机碳含量与有机氮含量显著线性相关,TOC/TON、POC/PON和MOC/MON平均值分别为11.0、12.8和10.2。明水区沉积物总有机碳的储量最高(3.93 kg/m2),其次为湖中芦苇区(3.48 kg/m2)和人工芦苇区(3.18 kg/m2),弃耕芦苇区土壤总有机碳的储量仅为1.87 kg/m2。各采样区土壤(沉积物)的矿质结合有机碳储量都占较大比例,分别为80.2%(明水区)、67.9%(湖中芦苇区)、78.3%(人工芦苇区)和68.8%(弃耕芦苇区)。如果沼泽化导致明水区退化为芦苇沼泽,乌梁素海湿地的碳库损失将达到0.45 kg/m2。 相似文献
8.
利用中国第27次南极科学考察期间获得的颗粒物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾海域水体中颗粒态生物硅的含量及分布特征进行了初步研究,分析了该海域颗粒态生物硅与营养盐、浮游植物以及颗粒有机碳之间的关系,同时结合历史数据对比了颗粒态生物硅的年际变化情况。研究结果显示：在2011年夏季普里兹湾表层水体中颗粒态生物硅含量在0.76-19.72μmol/ dm3之间变化,平均为6.06±4.55μmol/ dm3。在表层水体中的分布趋势是67°S以南的湾内区域颗粒态生物硅含量明显高于67°S以北的湾外区域,最大值出现在普里兹湾陆架区。在垂向分布上,P3断面水体中颗粒态生物硅含量随深度增加而减少。根据不同年份即24,25,26,27次南极科学考察期间获取的数据对比分析显示,颗粒态生物硅含量虽存在一定的年际差异,但是在普里兹湾的分布趋势基本一致。颗粒态生物硅含量的变化特征与硅酸盐相反与叶绿素a、颗粒有机碳相似。 相似文献
9.
本文报道了南极普里兹湾海域U、2 2 6Ra、2 1 0 Pb、2 1 0 Po的分布以及2 34U/2 38U和2 1 0 Po/2 1 0 Pb放射性比值。研究结果表明 ,该海域表层水中的铀同位素分布基本均匀 ,铀含量范围为1 3 2 8- 1 4 2 0 μmol·m- 3,平均值为 ( 1 3.82± 0 .2 9) μmol·m- 3,2 34U/2 38U平均放射性比值为1 1 4± 0 0 3。铀含量与盐度之间存在良好的相关性 ,其相关系数达 0 895。该海域溶解态2 2 6Ra比活度范围为 1 37- 1 78Bq·m- 3,平均值为 1 5 5Bq·m- 3;颗粒态 2 2 6Ra比活度范围为0 0 0 6- 0 0 35Bq·m- 3,平均值为 0 0 1 5Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Po比活度 0 80- 1 5 2Bq·m- 3,平均 1 1 4Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Pb比活度 1 34- 2 1 5Bq·m- 3,平均 1 66Bq·m- 3;2 1 0 Po/2 1 0 Pb的放射性比值0 5 5- 0 84,平均 0 69。并对2 1 0 Po和2 1 0 Pb的不平衡作了讨论。还研究了 1个站位溶解态和颗粒态2 2 6Ra、2 1 0 Pb的深度分布及2 1 0 Pb在两相中的分配 相似文献
10.
本文报道了 1 990 /1 991年夏季在南极普里兹湾及其毗连海域对浮游植物细胞丰度 ,优势种类组成 ,粒度分级生物量和初级生产力和颗粒有机碳浓度的分布及其与环境因子关系的研究。结果表明 ,调查海区具有显著的空间区域化特征 ,普里兹湾及其毗连陆架由于水体较为稳定 ,有利于浮游植物和冰藻的生长 ,其生物量、生产力和颗粒有机碳均较高 ;在普里兹湾北部毗连南印度洋的近南极大陆海域 ,由于水团沿陆坡的扭曲运动和上升流的出现 ,致使西冰架和谢克尔顿冰架之间的北部区域浮游植物生物量 ,生产力和颗粒有机碳均较高。由于浮游植物的大量繁殖 ,使该二区域营养盐浓度降低 ,溶解氧增加。在调查海区的东西两侧则相反。粒度分级结果表明 ,微型 (<2 0 μm)和微微型 (<2 .0 μm)浮游生物在浮游植物群落生物量和生产力中占有重要比重 ,它们对总生物量和总生产力的平均贡献分别为 5 3 %和 6 9%。 相似文献
11.
12.
Potential seasonal variation in the U-series radioisotopic signatures of lake and input waters was investigated in Hawes Water, north-west England, and the sedimentary record was examined to establish whether any observed seasonality is preserved in the sediment U and Th radioisotopic activity ratios. U-series disequilibrium in the waters is indicative of both surface and shallow sub-surface origins for the dissolved U, and that this supply is influenced by changes in the prevailing hydrological regime. However, the lake is buffered from this seasonality in that the 234U/238U activity ratio remains constant during the year, and the U content undergoes only a marginal decrease during summer. The change in the mechanism of lake sedimentation from allochthonous organic input during winter to autochthonous carbonate formation during summer has a more significant influence on the U-series radioisotopic characteristics of sedimentary record in that the proportion of organic and carbonate material both exhibit a strong control on the234U/238U activity ratio and U content. In addition, significant proportions of sediment U and Th are associated with ferromanganese oxyhydroxides. Given this seasonality, it is of some significance that the 234U/238U activity ratios of the bottom sediments preserve a reasonable record of lake U-series disequilibrium and are, therefore, potential indicators of long-term changes in catchment hydrology. 相似文献
13.
Since 1980, speleothems, mollusc shells and vertebrate teeth have been dated at the Uranium Series Radiometric Laboratory at Oslo University: To date, 44 samples have been dated with 230Th/232Th ratios ≥20. As found with other speleothem dates, they tend to cluster into discreet groups, roughly corresponding to ice-free periods of the Late Pleistocene. The direct connection between speleothem depositon and ice-free surface conditions is not always exactly correct, and it is preferable to operate with ‘speleothem chronozones’ when discussing these phenomena. Speleothem chronozones have been found in Norway for 0 to 12 ka BP (Holocenc), 90 to 130 ka BP (Rana-Fauske Chronozone), 170 to 200 ka BP (Gildeskål Chronozone), and greater than 350 ka BP. The latter samples (>350 ka BP) were all younger than 1.5 ma BP, and they most likely fall within the range of 0.3 to 0.8 ma BP, based on regional means of initial 234Usol;238U. Some samples which were contaminated with detrital Thorium gave ‘corrected’ ages (assuming initial 230Th/232Th = 1.5) of 36, 40, 50 and 60 ka BP, respectively. These dates may correlate with the Weichselian Interstadial complex (Ålesund/Sandnes, 30 to 39 ka BP; Jæren/Nygaard, 40 to 50 ka BP; and Brørup/Jämtland, 58 to 68 ka BP) chronozones. More work is required to clarify the problems and increase the statistical significance of the findings. 相似文献
14.
A detailed geomorphologic and morphostratigraphic investigation of raised marine terraces at Cape Cuvier, Western Australia, reveals two morphologically distinct units. A lower, well-developed accretional reef terrace between 3 and 5.5 m above MLWS (mean low-water springs; hereafter denoted as “+”) represents an extended interval of stable sea level. An upper erosional terrace and incipient coralgal rim between + 8.5 to 10.5 m represents a brief sea-level stillstand at this higher elevation. These features suggest the lower and upper terraces developed during discrete sea-level events. In an attempt to better define the timing of emplacement of each marine unit, 20 coral samples collected along vertical and lateral reef growth axis from both terraces were analysed with U-series dating. Unfortunately, all coral samples exhibited elevated δ234Uinitial values, suggesting that pervasive uptake of 234U-enriched uranium and 230Th thorium had occurred. Despite the shortcomings of absolute dating, a succession of events can be resolved though morphostratigraphic relationships. Comparison of the facies relationships, coral growth, and morphostratigraphic features between the lower and upper terraces indicates that an early to mid MIS 5e stillstand at + 3 to 5 m was followed by a late rise to + 8.5 to 10.5 m. This agrees with an emerging global view of MIS 5e sea-level history derived from stable carbonate platforms, rejecting the hypothesis that these higher sea-level benchmarks are an artefact of localized tectonic processes. 相似文献
15.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3-4):193-197
Located at approximately 150 m above the present base level, the caves of Niaux, Lombrives and Sabart are an old drainage system, which worked between the Vicdessos and Ariège Valleys. In these caves, three successive sedimentary units were studied in detail. Each unit consists of two parts: the lower deposit is detrital, of fluvial origin, and testifies to a hydrological working of the conduit system; the upper deposit of each unit is mostly speleothems, corresponding to a draining of the conduits as the palcokarst evolved above base level. This is similar to the present environment of the caves. Only the speleothems from the upper part of each unit were dated by the 230Th/234 U method. The dates, from 27 samples, are in good agreement with Europe and North America data. The data from the middle (250 to 200 ka BP) and upper (90 to 20 ka BP) fluvial sediments correspond to major glacial events, which re-activated the karst system. Two further events resulted in a lack of carbonated sedimentation, the first between 350 and 290 ka BP, the second between 175 and 130 ka BP. Comparing the data from other places, these two events can be related to glacial periods of minor importance in the study area, because of the lack of erosion and of detrital sediments. The oldest detrital sediments are covered by speleothems older than 350 ka BP and, partly, older than 720 ka BP (from paleomagnctic data to be confirmed); from sedimentary data, they may not be related to a glacial event. They are perhaps contemporary with the area's initial cave formation. 相似文献
16.
STRATIGRAPHY, DENSITY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FIRN-ICE AT DE08-A VERY HIGH ACCUMULATION SITE ON LAW DOME, ANTARCTICA 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《极地研究》1991,2(2):83-85
An approximately 195 mm diameter firn/ice core, 234 m long, was thermally drilled in 1987 austral summer at DE08 (66°43′S, 113°12′E) on Law Dome, East Antarctica, where the accumulation rate is about 1200kg/(m~2. a); 10m ice temperature is about-18.8℃. Analysis was mainly made at the site immediately after drilling. The snow stratigraphy at DE08 is characterised by the lack of coarse-grained snow and other distinct visible feature normally corresponding to annual layers. There is a smooth transformation from fine-grained snow at shallow depth to ice at about 80-90m which is greater than that at most other polar locations due to its abnormally high accumulation rate. According to the marked change in the trend of density with depth and in the crystal properties four stages of the transformation of snow to ice and development of crystal structure can be distinguished; settling stage (0-10m); sintering stage (10-90m); rapid crystal growth stage (90-170m); and dynamic metamorphism stage (170-234m). The 相似文献
17.
18.
Mapping in the Galweda-Elayu area of northern Somalia has revealed depositional and erosional marine terraces at elevations of approximately 16 m, 8 m, and 2 m. These terraces vary from 0–2300 m, 200–2200 m, and 0–800 m in width, respectively. Sediments exposed in stream-valley walls demonstrate that the two higher terraces were formed by marine transgressions followed later by regressions to below present sea level. Beach ridges on the terraced alluvial fan at the mouth of togga Galweda imply that sea level and/or land elevation varied by at least 6 m during the formation of the 16-m terrace and by at least 3 m during the formation of the 8-m terrace. 230Th/234U ages of corals suggest that the 8-m terrace was formed during deep-sea isotope substage 5c (105 kyr B.P.) and the 2-m terrace during substage 5a (80 kyr B.P.). A 7-kyr-old coral from above the present storm beach on the outer flanks of the 2-m terrace suggests that sea level in the Gulf of Aden was close to its present level by the middle Holocene. No material suitable for dating was recovered from the 16-m terrace, but on morphological grounds and based on marine-terrace elevations elsewhere in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift zone, we believe that the 16-m terrace was formed during isotope substage 5e (132–120 kyr B.P.), when global sea level was about 6 m above present. 相似文献