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1.
为了探讨莱州湾南岸滩涂上不同密度柽柳林(Tamarixchinensis)地的土壤理化性质,以山东昌邑海洋生态特别保护区内的低密度(2 200株/hm2)、中密度(3 600株/hm2)和高密度(4 900株/hm2)柽柳林地为研究对象,采用样方法,采集0~30 cm深度和30~60 cm深度土层的土壤样品,测定分析土壤样品的理化指标。研究结果表明,在垂直结构上,3种密度柽柳林地上层(0~30 cm深度层)土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质含量、总有机碳含量和各种养分含量显著大于下层(30~60 cm深度层)土壤,而上层土壤容重、含水量、含盐量和pH则显著小于下层土壤;中密度柽柳林地的0~60 cm深度土壤的孔隙度、含水量、有机质含量、总有机碳含量和各种养分含量都相对最大,低密度柽柳林地的相应指标都相对最小;在3种密度柽柳林地中,土壤容重分别与毛管孔隙度、含水量显著负相关,土壤含盐量和pH分别与有机质含量、总有机碳含量以及各种养分含量显著负相关,土壤有机质含量和总有机碳含量分别与土壤各种养分含量显著正相关;柽柳林密度可以显著影响土壤理化性质,中密度柽柳林改良滩涂土壤的效果相对最佳,其能改善滩涂土壤的物理结构,提升土壤贮存、供应养分能力,减少土壤中的盐碱含量。  相似文献   

2.
福建省永安市西洋镇2.5 a生人促阔叶林分平均胸径、树高、密度、单位面积蓄积量和平均年生长量分别为2.0 cm、1.8 m、19 533 株/hm2 、7.0 m~3/hm~2和2.80 m~3/(hm~2·a),乔木层物种丰富度R、多样性指数SW、均匀度E和生态优势度ED分别为33、2.93、0.62和0.21,林分相对直径分布范围0.25-3.00,直径分布为反J型,表现为异龄林特征.35 a生的伐前林分平均胸径、树高、密度、单位面积蓄积量和平均年生长量分别为13.6 cm、10.5 m、1 185 株/hm2 、101.3 m~3/hm~2和2.89 m~3/(hm~2·a),乔木层物种丰富度R、多样性指数SW、均匀度E和生态优势度ED分别为24、3.72、0.81和0.10,林分相对直径分布范围0.44-2.50,直径分布为反J型,表现为异龄林特征.  相似文献   

3.
荒漠河岸林胡杨和柽柳群落小气候特征研究   总被引:18,自引:7,他引:11  
在内蒙古额济纳旗运用微气象学方法以多路传感器同步观测的方式对极端干旱区荒漠河岸林小气候进行了观测。对我国极端干旱区荒漠河岸林胡杨和柽柳群落内的小气候特征与空旷地的差异进行了初步的探讨,并分析了产生这些差异的原因。结果表明:荒漠河岸林具有独特的小气候作用。具有改变太阳辐射、调节近地层地表及地下温度、缩小温差、降低风速、增加土壤湿度和提高空气湿度等重要生态作用。(1)胡杨和柽柳群落均起到了改变太阳辐射的作用,林冠层顶部的太阳总辐射量月平均值分别为341.72MJ·m-2、345.14MJ·m-2,林冠遮蔽使胡杨和柽柳林内总辐射比林外分别减少49.8%、49.3%;(2)生长季胡杨和柽柳林内的气温均低于林外,胡杨林平均比对照低1.62℃,柽柳林平均比对照低0.83℃,而且森林覆盖率越高降温作用越明显;群落上层气温高于群落下层,气温随高度增加而增加;(3)林内平均大气相对湿度均高于林外,胡杨林生长季比对照平均高8.5%,柽柳林平均比对照大4.2%。胡杨林地空气相对湿度各月值高于柽柳林地,平均湿度比柽柳高4.33%;(4)柽柳林月平均土壤温度(19.43℃)高于胡杨林地(18.20℃);(5)林内风速低于林外,胡杨林地平均风速为0.33m·s-1,比林外降低了2.7m·s-1;柽柳林平均风速为0.72m·s-1,比林外降低了2.31m·s-1。胡杨林比柽柳林对风的阻挡作用强。  相似文献   

4.
 以木兰围场国有林场管理局实施间伐后6种保留密度下(540、650、1 084、1 104、1 408和1 860 株 / hm2)油松人工林为研究对象,研究各土层的土壤有机碳和N、P、K等养分元素含量及其相关关系。研究结果显示:(1) 土壤有机碳含量和碳密度垂直递减特征明显,均随土壤深度的增加而显著减小,当林分密度由540 株 / hm2增加到1 860 株 / hm2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度变化规律不尽一致,其分布区间分别为10.56~21.21 g / kg,与5.48~11.70 kg / m2;(2) 林分密度对土壤有机碳及碳密度有显著的影响,1 408 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度分别与650 株 / hm2和1 860 株 / hm2油松林下土壤有机碳含量及碳密度呈显著性差异,而其它林分密度间无显著差异。当林分密度为1 104 株 / hm2时,各土层土壤全N和P、K的有效量及全量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,在0~60 cm深度土壤全N、全P、全K、有效P和速效K含量均值均达到最高,分别为1.38 g/kg、0.34 g/kg、32.75 g/kg、33.10 mg/kg和118.85 mg/kg;(3) 不同林分密度、不同土层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度与土壤全N及P、K的全量和有效量的相关显著性有差异,对整个土壤剖面而言,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全N、全P、速效K均呈显著或极显著正相关;(4) 在本研究林分密度范围内,从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将油松人工林的林分密度控制在1 104 株 / hm2。  相似文献   

5.
福建省永安市贡川镇低产丝栗栲次生林特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李霖 《山地学报》2007,25(3):333-337
福建省永安市贡川镇丝栗栲次生林为强度人为干扰下形成的低产林分,林分平均胸径、树高、密度、单位面积蓄积量和平均年生长量分别为19.3 cm、12.2 m、600 N/hm2、114.0 m3/hm2和2.07 m3/(hm2.a)。林分郁闭度达0.8以上,群落明显分乔木层、灌木层及草本层;灌木层植物25种,其中乔木幼树11种。乔木层分两亚层;乔木层物种丰富度R、多样性指数SW、均匀度E和生态优势度ED分别为30、3.92、0.8和0.1。灌木层中的乔木幼树有11种,株数密度为10 600 N/hm2;林分相对直径分布范围0.31~2.59,直径分布为反J型,表现为异龄林特征。  相似文献   

6.
岷江上游大沟流域油松人工幼林生物量组成及其影响因素   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
为了揭示人工林不同层次的生物量组成关系及其影响因素,选择岷江上游大沟流域的油松人工林,调查分析了林分不同层次生物量组成及其关系,探讨了乔木密度、坡向、海拔对生物量的影响。发现:1)两种林龄油松人工林生物量分配基本一致,即,乔木层>灌木层>草本层;乔木各构件生物量大小顺序为:枝>干>叶>根>果/皮。同时指出,枝叶对下木层生物量的影响显著。2)乔木密度显著控制了林分生物量及其组成,在本调查范围内坡向的影响似乎不明显;海拔对22 a油松影响显著,而24 a的不显著;综合分析表明,本区域内,22 a油松保持在3 800株/hm2左右和24 a在3 500株/hm2左右时,有助于林分生物量的稳定与提高,促进生态系统功能的恢复。  相似文献   

7.
金沙江干热河谷区人工林生长与土壤母质-母岩的关系   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
张建辉  李勇  杨忠 《山地学报》2001,19(3):231-236
采用数值分类方法研究了金沙江干热河谷区人工林生长与土壤母质-母岩的关系.选取反映本区植被生长状况的树高、树胸径、树胸高断面积、全林生物量、树高增长率、树胸径增长率和全林净生产量等7个分类特征指标作为变量,采用主成分分析与判别分析构成的综合分类方法对本区主要成片造林区14个样地的林分生物量和生产力进行归类.结果表明,本区林分生物量和生产力基本上取决于林地土壤母质-母岩类型,而与其它因素关系较弱;不同土壤母质-母岩类型的林分生物量和生产力的大小顺序为谷地冲积物>坡地片岩/砾石层>坡地泥岩.  相似文献   

8.
基于树木年轮信息的江西千烟洲人工林碳蓄积分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
作者设计和实现了基于树木年轮信息动态估算树木材积生长量模型TGTRing.利用该模型动态估算了中国红壤丘陵典型区千烟洲三种人工林乔木层的生物量和碳蓄积量.结果表明:马尾松的年生物量和碳蓄积量的增长曲线分别在林分年龄17年和18年左右开始出现拐点,湿地松、杉木的年生物量和碳蓄积量则均在林分年龄15年左右开始出现拐点;20年的单位面积生物量和碳蓄积量杉木林最高,分别为171.697 t/hm2和92.29 tc/hm2,其次为湿地松林,分别为147.639 t/hm2(未割脂)和135.743 t/hm2(割脂)、80.18 tc/hm2(未割脂)和73.72tc/hm2(割脂),马尾松林最低,为133.84 t/hm2和73.92 tc/hm2;平均年生物量和碳蓄积量杉木林最高,分别为8.58 t/hm2/yr和4.61 tc/hm2/yr;湿地松林次之,未割脂和割脂湿地松林生物量分别为7.38和6.76 t/hm2/yr、碳蓄积分别为4.01和3.69 tc/hm2/yr;马尾松林最低,分别为6.69 t/hm2/yr和3.70 tc/hm2/yr;到2006年为止,千烟洲马尾松林乔木层总生物量和碳蓄积量分别为3324.43 t、14156.64 tc,杉木林分别1326.97 t、713.27 tc:湿地松林按未割脂算分别为14156.64 t和7688.21 tc,按割脂算分别为13015.97 t和7068.78 tc;千烟洲湿地松人工林因为割脂原因,乔木层总生物量损失1140.67 t,总碳蓄积量损失619.43 tc.  相似文献   

9.
极端干旱区柽柳林地蒸散量及能量平衡分析   总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2  
运用波文比-能量平衡法对极端干旱区柽柳林地的蒸散量及能量通量进行了连续的测定和估算,并对柽柳林地蒸散特点和能量平衡进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:柽柳林地的日平均蒸散量为1.6 mm/d,整个生长季的蒸散量为248.2 mm,蒸散量的季节变化系数为47%±3%。柽柳林地蒸散量的季节变化与土壤水分条件密切相关。柽柳林地蒸散量受气象因子和下垫面条件的影响和制约。在极端干旱区,感热通量消耗了绝大多数的能量,潜热通量在整个生长季只占很小的一部分,夜间,土壤储存的能量是大气能量的主要来源,而白天土壤是能量的主要汇源。  相似文献   

10.
海南省大敢森林景观恢复示范区退化原始林特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对海南省大敢森林景观恢复示范区退化原始林调查的结果表明:退化原始林群落结构较为完整,明显分乔木层、灌木层及草本层。乔木层树种丰富,表现出较高的物种多样性(SW为3.61~4.46);4个群落主要优势树种分别为岭南山竹子和无翼坡垒、黄杞和岭南山竹子、细子龙和岭南山竹子,以及水石梓、海南黄檀和海南暗罗。林分平均胸径、平均树高、平均密度和单位面积蓄积量分别为10.2~14.3 cm、8.50~13.39 m、2 321~3 545株/hm2和142.51~199.44 m/hm2;林分直径分布均呈反J型。由于反复的人为择伐利用等干扰,乔木层第Ⅰ亚层价值较高的和干形较好的树木大部分已被利用,但是第Ⅱ亚层中仍然有干形较好、生长正常、经济价值较高的珍贵树种,如降香黄檀、无翼坡垒、青皮、野生荔枝等。灌木层和草本层物种丰富,有价值较高的珍贵的乔木幼树和幼苗。  相似文献   

11.
Calculations of dry tree, plot and regional aboveground biomass, M, and assessments of complex diverse forests remain key challenges in the implementation of conventional and sustainable projects. This study reports a set of robust regional equations and the application of several allometric tree and plot M equations in Mexican arid and semi-arid forest communities. The data were collected from 1084 tree M fitting models, and 195 arid and semi-arid and 206 mesquite trees and 55 plot datasets were used to validate the models. Theoretical, semi-empirical and empirical models with exogenous variables, as well as wood specific gravity, diameter, top height, and form-factor values, were used to evaluate aboveground biomass. Empirical computer-based equations projected more consistently similar tree M assessments than did semi-empirical or theoretical models. Therefore, empirical models are recommended for assessments of tree and plot M, and future allometry research should properly address independent variables in more theoretical models. The large sample size, model richness, economic and ecological importance, and wide coverage of this dataset make it useful for estimating several biogeochemical and bioenergy density parameters and contribute to the body of knowledge regarding heterogeneity in dry forest stand structures.  相似文献   

12.
The root system of forest trees account for a significant proportion of the total forest biomass. However, data is particularly limited for forests in permafrost regions. In this study, therefore, we estimated the above- and belowground biomass of a black spruce (Picea mariana) stand underlain with permafrost in interior Alaska. Allometric equations were established using 4–6 sample trees to estimate the biomass of the aboveground parts and the coarse roots (roots >5 mm in diameter) of P. mariana trees. The aboveground biomass of understory plants and the fine-root biomass were estimated by destructive sampling. The aboveground and coarse-root biomasses of the P. mariana trees were estimated to be 3.97 and 2.31 kg m?2, respectively. The aboveground biomass of understory vascular plants such as Ledum groenlandicum and the biomass of forest floor mosses and lichens were 0.10 and 0.62 kg m?2, respectively. The biomass of fine roots <5 mm in diameter was 1.27 kg m?2. Thus, the above- and belowground biomasses of vascular plants in the P. mariana stand were estimated to be 4.07 and 3.58 kg m?2, respectively, indicating that belowground biomass accounted for 47% of the total biomass of vascular plants. Fine-root biomass was 36% of the total root biomass, of which 90% was accumulated in the surface organic layer. Thus, this P. mariana stand can be characterized as having extremely high belowground biomass allocation, which would make it possible to grow on permafrost with limited soil resource availability.  相似文献   

13.
We investigated the potential of ALOS/PALSAR for estimating the above-ground biomass (AGB) and other biophysical parameters (tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree stand density) in the boreal forest of Alaska. In July 2007, forest surveys were conducted along a south–north transect (150°W) to profile the ecotone from boreal forest to tundra in Alaska. In situ parameters were measured in 29 forests by a combination of the Bitterlich angle-count sampling method and the sampled-tree measuring method. These in situ values were compared with the backscatter intensity of ALOS/PALSAR. A strong positive logarithmic correlation was found between the backscatter intensity and the forest AGB, with the correlation being stronger in the HV than in the HH polarization mode. No obvious saturation was found in the sensitivity of the HV mode backscatter intensity to the forest AGB up to 120.7 Mg ha?1. Similarly, a robust sensitivity was found in the HV backscatter intensity to both tree height and DBH, but weak sensitivity was observed for tree density. The regression curve of HV backscatter intensity to the forest AGB appeared to be intensified by the uneven forest floor, particularly for forests with small AGB. The geographical distribution of the forest AGB was mapped, demonstrating a generally south-rich and north-poor forest AGB gradient.  相似文献   

14.
以南岭山地不同海拔高度的冠层树种为研究对象,通过无人机遥感手段获取冠幅、冠周长和冠面积(CA)等树冠性状,探讨其与基径(BD)、胸径(DBH)、2米径(D2)和4米径(D4)等树干性状间的关联性,并构建了冠面积与树干性状间的回归方程。结果表明:南岭山地树冠性状与树干性状的典型变量显著相关(R=0.89,P<0.01),并且这种相关性随海拔的升高(600 m到1 600 m)总体呈“M”型变化。其中,冠面积与树干性状间的相关性最高,可作为单一自变量反演树干性状,具体方程为:DBH=0.35CA+14.88(R2=0.67),BD=0.41CA+17.89(R2=0.82),D2=0.33CA+14.14(R2=0.84),D4=0.35CA+11.3(R2=0.86)。文章构建的冠面积与树干性状间的回归方程,可作为南岭山地森林生物量遥感反演的基础,也可用于指导南岭森林生态系统的长期监测。  相似文献   

15.
In the Ethiopian highlands, remarkable recovery of vegetation has been achieved using exclosures, protecting vegetation against livestock browsing and firewood harvesting. But these emerging forest resources require tools for sustainable use, implying knowledge on biomass stocks and growth. In this study we developed biomass functions estimating total, stem and branch biomass from diameter at stump height (DSH) and tree height (H) for an 11-year old exclosure in Tigray, Ethiopia. In a systematic grid of 55 plots, DSH and H of all trees and shrubs were recorded. 40 Acacia abyssinica trees were selected for destructive sampling. Allometric relationships using a natural log–log model were established between aboveground biomass, DSH and H. Models with only DSH were found best with R2 between 0.95 and 0.98. The functions were 10 fold cross-validated and R2_cv ranged from 0.94 to 0.97, indicating good model performance. The models were found well in range with those of other seasonal forests in East Africa. Total aboveground biomass was estimated 25.4 ton ha−1 with an annual production of 2.3 ton ha−1, allowing sustainable wood fuel use for 4 persons ha−1. The presented predictive functions help to harmonize between ecological and societal objectives and are as such a first step towards an integrated planning tool for exclosures.  相似文献   

16.
在福建洋口林场4年生的杉木人工林建立固定试验标准地.选择修枝木,每年对其进行1次修枝,修枝强度为修去4种规定树干直径(6cm、8cm、10cm和12cm)以下的所有枝条.修枝试验后2年,随着修枝强度的增加,杉木的生长量明显降低.修枝强度为6cm(密度1200株·hm^-2)的修枝木的平均树高、平均胸径和平均单株材积增长量均显著低于不修枝木.修枝后2年,各修枝处理杉木林林下植物的覆盖度、生物量、总的物种数,灌木层、草本层和总体Shannon-Wiener指数均高于未修枝的对照,但藤本层植物在修枝时被大量劈除,其种类数量、多样性指数却低于对照.闽北生产力较高的4年生、密度1200株·hm^-2的杉木幼林进行修枝,推荐的修枝强度为10cm或12cm.  相似文献   

17.
为了探讨天山雪岭云杉林生物量在个体组织中的分配情况及其变化规律,在研究区进行了大量的野外测量,利用已有的雪岭云杉林估算方程,分析了天山雪岭云杉林生物量在各器官(干、枝、叶、皮、根)中的分配及其变化规律。结果表明:(1) 研究区雪岭云杉林的平均生物量为388.74 t·hm-2,树木各器官中,干、枝、根、叶和皮分别占生物量的43.65%、28.60%、13.49%、11.08%和3.18%。(2)各径级生物量所占百分比为:33.53%(40~50 cm)、20.13%(20~30 cm)、19.59%(30~40 cm)、18.19%(50~60 cm)和2.05%(10~20 cm);树木生物量在不同树高中的分配表现为:48.78%(20~30 m)>35.27%(10~20 m)>14.70%(30~40 m)>1.25%(0~10 m);地上和地下生物量的分配比例为:87.54%和12.46%,分别为340.30 t·hm-2和48.44 t·hm-2。(3) 随海拔升高,天山雪岭云杉林生物量呈“单峰”变化,在海拔2 100~2 400 m处达到最大值611.58 t·hm-2;干、皮生物量所占比例随海拔升高而减小,枝生物量逐渐增加,叶、根生物量呈先减小后增加的趋势;径级20~30 cm、30~40 cm和50~60 cm的生物量随海拔升高均呈“单峰型”变化趋势,都在海拔2 100~2 400 m处达到最大;雪岭云杉林不同树高生物量随海拔的升高呈现的趋势不同。天山雪岭云杉林生物量和年均降水量随经纬度的升高均呈降低变化,研究区林分生物量自西向东总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势;林分密度、海拔和降水共同决定了森林生物量的大小及其变化规律,海拔2 100~2 400 m是本研究区雪岭云杉林生长的最适宜场所。结果可为雪岭云杉林生态系统的恢复和重建提供基础资料,对研究区进行综合管理与生态健康分析具有重要意义。  相似文献   

18.
唐罗忠  孙羊林 《湿地科学》2007,5(2):140-145
长江中下游地区丰富的江河滩地和水网沼泽地是重要的土地资源,也是血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)病的主要发生区域。营造人工林有利于控制血吸虫的中间寄主钉螺(Oncomelania hupensis)的孳生,也有利于提高土地的生态效益和经济效益。耐湿树种的选择是滩地和沼泽地造林的重要环节。通过对江苏省里下河沼泽地主要造林树种I-69杨(Populus deltoides)的生长状况进行调查可知,在高水位(年平均地下水位-29cm,每年淹水1~2个月)、中水位(年平均地下水位-59cm,每年淹水0~10d)、低水位(年平均地下水位-87cm,常年不淹水)立地上,10a生的I-69杨平均树高分别为16.4m、19.8m、22.9m;平均胸径分别为12.8cm、18.2cm、21.2cm;平均蓄积量分别为67.9m3/hm2、193.1m3/hm2、313.6m3/hm2;地上部分生物量分别为51.8t/hm2、130.0t/hm2、201.4t/hm2;总生物量分别为67.1t/hm2、161.7t/hm2、241.2t/hm2。因此,I-69杨虽然具有较强的耐水能力,在地下水位较高的情况下,其生长也会受到明显抑制,这一结果将为今后湿地造林中的立地选择和树种选择提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
The Royal Belum forest reserve is one of the oldest tropical rainforests in the world and it is one of the largest virgin forest reserves in Malaysia. However, not many studies have been conducted to understand the ecology of this forest. In this study we estimated the aboveground biomass (AGB) of the forest using diameter at breast height (DBH) and height of trees (h ), tree species and hemispherical photographs of tree canopy. We estimated AGB using five allometric equations. Our results demonstrated that the AGB given by the one tree species specific allometric equation does not show any significant differences from the values given by the non‐tree species specific allometric equations at tree and plot levels. The AGB of Intsia bijuga species, Koompassia malaccensis species and Shorea genera were comparatively higher, owing to their greater wood density, DBH and h. This has added importance because some of these species are categorized as threatened species. Our results demonstrated that mean AGB values in this forest (293.16 t ha‐1) are the highest compared to some studies of other areas in Malaysia, tropical Africa and tropical Bazilian Amazonia, implying that the Royal Belum forest reserve, is an important carbon reservoir.  相似文献   

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