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1.
红河流域气温和蒸发量时空变化分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
使用研究区44个气象站1960-2000年的逐月20cm蒸发皿蒸发量、气温的实测资料,分析了红河流域气温和蒸发量的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)红河流域年均气温呈上升的趋势,1960-2000年间年均气温上升了约0.52℃;其中20世纪60年代和70年代气温变化不大,80年代和90年代急剧上升;季节上以夏季上升趋势最为显著,气候倾向率为0.14℃/10a。(2)红河流域年均蒸发量呈下降的趋势,40年间下降了约45.52mm;其中60年代和70年代相差不大,80年代急剧下降,到90年代有所上升;季节上以春季和夏季下降趋势显著,气候倾向率分别为-1.63mm/10a和-7.63mm/10a。(3)年均气温和蒸发量变化的趋势具有明显的空间分布差异。全流域气温的气候倾向率在-0.21℃/10a-0.35℃/10a,主要的增温区域分布在李仙江和藤条江地区。蒸发量的气候倾向率在-48mm/10a~11mm/10a,蒸发量明显减少区域主要分布在李仙江下游的江城、元江流域的楚雄、元阳、河口和盘龙河流域的文山地区。  相似文献   

2.
选取积温法、蒸发皿蒸发量估算法及彭曼-蒙特斯(Penman-Monteith,P-M)公式法对河北省潜在蒸发量进行估算,通过与大型蒸发池实测蒸发量比较分析,表明P-M公式法能较准确地估算河北省的潜在蒸发量.对P-M公式法所得的潜在蒸发量序列进行变化趋势分析,结果表明:河北省年潜在蒸发量呈波动下降趋势,1960s达到最大,其后并没有随升温继续增大,相反呈明显下降趋势;各季节潜在蒸发量也呈下降趋势,其中夏季潜在蒸发量与年值的变化趋势一致,且降幅较大,每10年减少8.61 mm,秋、春季次之,每10年分别减少2.47 mm、3.32 mm,冬季变化较平缓,每10年减少约0.13 mm,并对其原因进行了分析.空间分布上,河北省大部分地区均为减少趋势,减少速率最大的区域主要分布在河北东南部平原的东部,而只有丰宁、蔚县等个别站潜在蒸发量呈微弱上升趋势.  相似文献   

3.
河北省近40年蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征及影响因素初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用河北省区域1963-2003年50个站蒸发皿蒸发量资料,分析了蒸发量变化及影响因素。结果表明:近40年来河北省区域平均年和四季蒸发量变化,由60、70年代偏多转为80、90年代偏少,转折年均在70年代末和80年代初。春、夏季蒸发量减少趋势明显,分别为-31.3、-27.4mm/10 a,年蒸发量的减少主要是由春、夏季减少所致;对蒸发量的空间分析表明,区域内94%的站点呈减少趋势,70%站点减少趋势显著,减少速率最大区域在冀中南部东部区域,减少速率在-100mm/10 a以上;蒸发量变化与各要素相关分析表明,蒸发量变化与日照时数、低云量、气温日较差相关显著,而日照时数、低云量、气温日较差与太阳辐射大小关系密切,因此,太阳辐射是影响蒸发量变化的主要因素,同时平均风速的减少对蒸发量的减少也起着重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
中国天山山区潜在蒸发量的时空变化   总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21  
利用24个气象站1960-2006年的逐日气象资料,应用FAO Penman-Montcith模型,分析了天山山区潜在蒸发量的变化趋势,并在ArcGIS环境下通过IDW插值法分析了潜在蒸发量变化的空间分异,此外运用多元回归分析法对影响潜在蒸发量变化的主导因素进行了探讨.结果表明:年潜在蒸发量自60年代以来呈波状减小趋势,1986年之后减小趋势更加明显,2000年以后呈增加趋势.年潜在蒸发量的年际变化倾向率为-2.48 mm/a,表明潜在蒸发量总体上呈减小趋势;从季节来看,秋季的潜在蒸发量呈增加趋势,其它季节呈减小趋势,其中春季的减小幅度最大;风速是影响潜在蒸发量变化的主导因素,影响秋季潜在蒸发量变化的主导因素是气温.  相似文献   

5.
为了分析全球气候变化背景下科尔沁沙地主要气象要素的变化特征,基于逐月站点气象数据,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变分析和小波分析等研究方法,分析了1961—2021年奈曼旗主要气象要素(气温、降水量和蒸发量)的多尺度时间变化特征。结果表明:在全球气候变化下奈曼旗各主要气象要素变化显著,其中气温以0.21℃/10a速率极显著升高,降水以-9.2 mm/10a速率极显著减小,蒸发量以32.50 mm/10a速率不显著增加;从季节变化来看,春季和秋季气温、降水和蒸发量均表现为增加趋势,夏季和冬季温度和蒸发量增加,降水量减少。各气象要素出现突变点的时间不同,其中气温为1971年左右,降水为1978年和1987年,蒸发量为2002、2009、2013年。各气象要素在研究时段内均表现出明显的周期变化,其中气温为3~7、14~23、34~43 a,降水量为3~6、8~11、13~23、43 a,蒸发量为5~7、11~16、27、35 a。  相似文献   

6.
近50年来西北半干旱区气候变化特征   总被引:40,自引:14,他引:26  
选用西北半干旱区33个气象站1951-2004年温度、降水、相对湿度、风速、蒸发量等气象观测资料,分析主要气候要素变化规律,揭示了近50年来西北半干旱区气候变化的一些新特征.结果表明,西北半干旱区降水量近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方外绝大多数地区呈下降趋势,降水量变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在-59.168~-1.143 mm/10 a之间,秋季降水量减少最多,春季次之,而夏季部分地区和冬季大部分地区降水量呈略增趋势.降水量存在3年、6~8年的周期振荡特征,3年周期振荡在1962-1966年为中心的局部时段内最强,之后逐渐减弱.6~8年振荡在1980-1985年为中心的局部时段内最强.气温距平呈上升趋势,气温距平变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在0.074~0.507 ℃/10 a之间,大部分地区呈先降后升型,转型时间为20世纪60年代后期至70年代前期.冬季气温增高最多,秋季、春季次之,夏季陕、甘、宁交界区及陇中地区气温增高而其余地区气温距平略呈下降趋势.相对湿度近50年来年呈波动变化.平均风速近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方略增外,其余各地均呈下降趋势.蒸发量近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方呈上升趋势外,其余各地蒸发量呈下降趋势.  相似文献   

7.
我国太阳辐射量区域性变化特征研究*   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
查良松 《地理研究》1996,15(2):21-27
对我国近35年来到达地面的太阳辐射量观测资料进行方差分析和统计检验,结果表明:从70年代开始,我国太阳直接辐射和总辐射量普遍减少,变化趋势分别为-246MJ/m2·10a和-16.8MJ/m2·10a,减少量最大中心在长江流域。太阳散射辐射量在东北、华北以及南方地区增加,在长江流域和西北地区减少。此外,用太阳辐射量倾向率的形式归纳出我国四种典型的区域性太阳辐射量季节变化特征。  相似文献   

8.
基于1960―2015年长江流域128个站点的月风速观测数据,结合地形特点将长江流域分成5个子区域,并运用一元线性回归、相关分析和修正的Mann-Kendall(MMK)检验对长江流域风速变化趋势的时空特征进行研究,结果表明:1)1960―2015年长江流域年平均风速以-0.006 5 m/s·a的速率显著下降,5个子区域中,区域中下游丘陵与平原区(R1)下降最显著,上游青藏高原区(R5)次之,上游盆地区(R3)变化最小。2)季节上,全区风速春季下降最快,夏季最慢。而子区域除R1冬季降幅最大外,其余区域季节风速变化速率也为春季降幅最大,夏季最小。逐月变化上,流域整体风速3月下降最快,8月最慢,各子区域风速最大降幅也集中在3月。3)空间分布上,长江流域年平均风速降幅呈现东部大、中部小、西部较大的特点,全区50%的站点下降趋势显著,且这些站点集中分布于R1地区。此外,4个季节风速与年风速的变化趋势呈现相似的空间分布特征。4)长江流域风速下降与北极涛动(AO)指数上升、区域气候变暖和城市化加速等有关。  相似文献   

9.
在气象观测数据基础上,运用数理统计方法对讨赖河流域1957-2012年潜在蒸发量变化的研究表明:(1)讨赖河流域潜在蒸发量的季节变化不尽相同,秋、冬季潜在蒸发量20世纪60、70年代偏少,80、90年代及2000年后偏多;春、夏季潜在蒸发量60、80年代偏高、90年代及2000年以后偏低,年和湿季变化趋势相似,均表现为60-80年代偏低,90年代及2000年以后偏高。(2)就年际变化而言,年和湿季潜在蒸发量的变化趋势较为相似,季节潜在蒸发量均表现为增加趋势,夏季增幅最大,秋季最小。(3)各季节和年序列均存在10~15年的短周期变化及26~28年的长周期变化。(4)流域春、夏、秋、冬以及年和湿季潜在蒸发量分别在1995、2000、1984、1980、1997年和1992年突变增加,并通过了0.01的显著性水平检验;干季潜在蒸发量经历了两次突变增加,分别发生在1980年和1995年。  相似文献   

10.
近40年来渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲气候变化特征分析   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
利用库车、沙雅、新和气象站1961~2000年日照、气温、降水和蒸发观测资料,分析渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲近40年来日照、气温、降水和蒸发量年际变化、季节变化及特征.结果显示:近40年来年均日照总体呈减少趋势,减少倾向率为31.64 h/10a,减少幅度从大到小依次为冬、夏、秋和春季;近40年来年均气温总体呈增加趋势,增长倾向率约0.17℃/10a,年内冬、秋两季呈上升趋势,春、夏两季呈下降趋势;近40年来年降水量总体呈增长趋势,增长倾向率约10.16 mm/10a,年内除秋季外,夏、春、冬季降水均呈增长趋势;近40年来年蒸发量总体呈减少趋势,减少倾向率约149 mm/10a,年内蒸发量减少幅度从大到小依次为夏、春、秋和冬季.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, a monthly dataset of temperature time series (1961-2010) from 12 meteorological stations across the Three-River Headwater Region of Qinghai Province (THRHR) was used to analyze the climate change. The temperature variation and abrupt change analysis were examined by using moving average, linear regression, Spline interpo-lation, Mann-Kendall test and so on. Some important conclusions were obtained from this research, which mainly contained four aspects as follows. (1) There were several cold and warm fluctuations for the annual and seasonal average temperature in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions, but the temperature in these regions all had an obviously rising trend at the statistical significance level, especially after 2001. The spring, summer, autumn and annual average temperature increased evidently after the 1990s, and the winter average temperature exhibited an obvious upward trend after entering the 21st century. Except the standard value of spring temperature, the annual and seasonal temperature standard value in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions increased gradually, and the upward trend for the standard value of winter average temperature indicated significantly. (2) The tendency rate of annual average temperature in the THRHR was 0.36℃10a?1, while the tendency rates in the Yellow River Headwater Region (YERHR), Lancangjiang River Headwater Region (LARHR) and Yangtze River Headwater Region (YARHR) were 0.37℃10a?1, 0.37℃10a?1 and 0.34℃10a?1 respectively. The temperature increased significantly in the south of Yushu County and the north of Nangqian County. The rising trends of temperature in winter and autumn were higher than the upward trends in spring and summer. (3) The abrupt changes of annual, summer, autumn and winter average temperature were found in the THRHR, LARHR and YARHR, and were detected for the summer and autumn average temperature in the YERHR. The abrupt changes of annual and summer average temperatures were mainly in the late 1990s, while the abrupt changes of autumn and winter average temperatures ap-peared primarily in the early 1990s and the early 21st century respectively. (4) With the global warming, the diversities of altitude and underlying surface in different parts of the Tibetan Plateau were possibly the main reasons for the high increasing rate of temperature in the THRHR.  相似文献   

12.
以亚热带季风区的典型流域——闽江流域为研究区域,根据Penman-Monteith(P-M)公式和双作物系数法,计算了闽江流域内8个气象观测站点的实际蒸散量,并评估了GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散产品在闽江流域的适用性。在此基础上,基于GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散发数据,解读了2000—2019年闽江流域的实际蒸散量的变化特征。结果表明:① GLDAS-Noah实际蒸散发数据在闽江流域的适用性较好(R2>0.9,NSE>0.8);② 2000年以来闽江流域的实际蒸散发呈增加趋势(3.86 mm/a,P < 0.01),且存在显著的季节差异,表现为冬季和春季的增加速率要大于夏季和秋季;③ 闽江流域冬季和春季蒸散发增加与气温密切相关,冬季蒸散发与冬季气温呈微弱正相关( R = 0.27),春季蒸散发的增加与春季升温密切相关(R = 0.79)。  相似文献   

13.
Evapotranspiration is the key driving factor of the earth’s water cycle, and an important component of surface water and energy balances. Therefore, it also reflects the geothermal regulation function of ecohydrological process. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of important rivers such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The regional water balance is of great significance to regional ecological security. In this study, ARTS, a dual- source remote sensing evapotranspiration model developed on a global scale, is used to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration (ET) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2014, using meteorological data interpolated from observations, as well as FPAR and LAI data obtained by satellite remote sensing. The characteristics of seasonal. interannual and dynamic changes of evapotranspiration were analyzed. The rates at which meteorological factors contribute to evapotranspiration are calculated by sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, and the dominant factors affecting the change of evapotranspiration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are discussed. The results show that: (1) The estimated values can explain more than 80% of the seasonal variation of the observed values (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001), which indicates that the model has a high accuracy. (2) The evapotranspiration in the whole year, spring, summer and autumn show significant increasing trends in the past 30 years, but have significant regional differences. Whether in the whole year or in summer, the southern Tibetan Valley shows a significant decreasing trend (more than 20 mm per 10 years), while the Ali, Lhasa Valley and Haibei areas show increasing trends (more than 10 mm per 10 years). (3) Sensitivity analysis and multiple linear regression analysis show that the main factor driving the interannual change trend is climate warming, followed by the non-significant increase of precipitation. However, vegetation change also has a considerable impact, and together with climate factors, it can explain 56% of the interannual variation of evapotranspiration (multiple linear regression equation R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001). The mean annual evapotranspiration of low-cover grassland was 26.9% of high-cover grassland and 21.1% of medium-cover grassland, respectively. Considering significant warming and insignificant wetting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the increase of surface evapotranspiration will threaten the regional ecological security at the cost of glacial melting water. Effectively protecting the ecological security and maintaining the sustainable development of regional society are difficult and huge challenges.  相似文献   

14.
段春锋  缪启龙  曹雯 《中国沙漠》2012,32(6):1723-1730
潜在蒸散是区域干湿状况评价、作物需水量估算和水资源合理规划的关键因子。基于FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式和16个台站1961-2009年逐日气象观测资料,估算塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区的潜在蒸散量ET0,在对ET0的时空演变特征进行分析的基础上,探讨了影响该地区ET0变化的主要因素。结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区独特的自然地理条件导致多年平均潜在蒸散的分布和变化具有明显的空间差异。49 a来塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区年和四季ET0变化整体上均为下降趋势,时间演变过程中在20世纪90年代初期均由下降趋势转为缓慢上升趋势。空间上,ET0变化在北部地区多为显著下降趋势,而南部地区多不显著;春、夏、秋3季ET0变化趋势的空间分布与年情况比较一致,但冬季ET0呈上升趋势的站点明显增多。影响塔克拉玛干沙漠周边地区多数站点ET0变化的主导因子是风速;第二影响因子春季和夏季主要是日照时数,而影响秋季和冬季ET0变化的主要是平均气温。  相似文献   

15.
三江源地区1961-2010年降水时空变化(英文)   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Based on a monthly dataset of precipitation time series (1961-2010) from 12 meteorological stations across the Three-River Headwater Region (THRHR) of Qinghai Province, China, the spatio-temporal variation and abrupt change analysis of precipitation were examined by using moving average, linear regression, spline interpolation, the Mann-Kendall test and so on. Major conclusions were as follows. (1) The long-term annual and seasonal precipitation in the study area indicated an increasing trend with some oscillations during 1961-2010; however, the summer precipitation in the Lantsang (Lancang) River Headwater Region (LARHR), and the autumn precipitation in the Yangtze River Headwater Region (YERHR) of the THRHR decreased in the same period. (2) The amount of annual precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions was greater in the 1980s and 2000s. The springs were fairly wet after the 1970s, while the summers were relatively wet in the 1960s, 1980s and 2000s. In addition, the amount of precipitation in the autumn was greater in the 1970s and 1980s, but it was relatively less for the winter precipitation, except in the 1990s. (3) The normal values of spring, summer, winter and annual precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions all increased, but the normal value of summer precipitation in the LARHR had a negative trend and the normal value of winter precipitation declined in general. (4) The spring and winter precipitation increased in most of the THRHR. The summer, autumn and annual precipitation increased mainly in the marginal area of the west and north and decreased in the regions of Yushu, Zaduo, Jiuzhi and Banma. (5) The spring and winter precipitation in the THRHR and its three sub-headwater regions showed an abrupt change, except for the spring precipitation in the YARHR. The abrupt changes of spring precipitation were mainly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, while the abrupt changes of winter precipitation were primary in the mid-to late 1970s. This research would be helpful for further understanding the trends and periodicity of precipitation and for watershed-based water resource management in the THRHR.  相似文献   

16.
1961~2000年中国区域气温较差分析   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
利用1961~2000年的观测资料,分别对中国不同区域的月、季和年平均气温日较差,以及月较差、季较差和年较差的变化趋势进行了分析。研究表明,月平均日较差以及季平均日较差均有显著的下降趋势,其中春夏两季的变化趋势最为明显,冬季次之,秋季下降趋势最弱;年平均日较差也显示了较强的下降趋势。月较差显著减小趋势主要发生在冬末和春季;季较差以夏季的变化最显著,其他几个季节都没有明显的下降趋势;但是年较差有很显著的减小。从地域上看,月、季和年平均日较差以东北和新疆的下降趋势最显著,最弱的是华北地区。总体上看,月、季平均日较差北方较南方的下降趋势明显。月较差的减小趋势在北方比南方显著;季较差的下降趋势主要表现在夏季,又以内蒙古到西南一带以及华北地区最显著;年较差东部比西部的下降趋势显著。  相似文献   

17.
1960-2015年青海三江源地区降水时空特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
青海三江源地区是中国生态系统最为敏感和脆弱的地区,其降水特别是生长季降水的波动,是影响本区及江河中下游水资源安全、生态系统可持续发展的关键因素。综合线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、BG分割算法、R/S、EEMD等多方法细致辨识了1960-2015年研究区降水量序列的时空特征。结果显示:① 三江源降水量总体呈现弱增趋势,21世纪以来降水量显著增加,各子源区气候倾向率不尽相同;② 年、季降水量自东南向西北递减,澜沧江源区夏季降水和黄河源区秋季降水呈弱减趋势,雨量弱减区在空间上呈斑块状分布;③ 年、季降水量年代际变化和增湿率的空间差异较明显,春夏季降水气候倾向率与经纬度、海拔的复相关性显著高于冬季;④ 20世纪90年代中后期,各子源区降水总体显现增强信号,并于2002年前后发生突变;⑤ 年际和低值年代际显著周期是造成降水量变动的主要因素;⑥ 除澜沧江源区夏季降水趋于减少外,其他年、季降水量变化呈现增幅不一的转湿趋势;⑦ 横向比较各子源区可见,长江源区降水变化更能表征高原气候变化。研究结果显示,研究区降水时空序列变化具有明显的区域和季节差异性特征,与以往类似研究存在些许差异,可见为有效提高气候序列演变过程及突变诊断的准确性,仍需进一步融合多方法实施集成分析。  相似文献   

18.
1956—2013年曹家湖流域径流深变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
李永格  李宗省  冯起 《中国沙漠》2018,38(1):200-209
在古浪河水文站观测数据基础上,运用数理统计方法对曹家湖流域1956—2013年径流深变化的研究表明:(1)曹家湖流域春、夏、秋、冬季径流深的变化趋势均表现为20世纪80年代偏多,2000年后偏少,这两个时段内年径流深与季节径流深变化一致;除冬季外,其他季节20世纪60年代径流深均高于多年平均;夏、冬季和年径流深70、90年代偏多。(2)就年际变化而言,春、夏、秋季径流深均表现为减小趋势,但不显著,冬季径流深呈不显著微弱增加趋势。受季节变化的影响,年径流深也表现出减小的态势。(3)各季节径流深变化均存在4~18a的短周期变化,除春季外,其他季节径流深变化还存在28~30a的长周期变化。(4)研究区春、秋、冬季和年径流深分别在2008、1961、2007、2007年突变减小,除冬季外,其他均未通过95%的显著性水平检验;研究时段内,夏季径流深经历了两次突变显著减少,分别出现在1966年和2007年。(5)研究区春、夏、秋季以及年降水量与径流深之间存在显著的正相关关系,冬季降水量与径流深存在不显著的负相关关系。  相似文献   

19.
The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant in-creasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipi-tation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.  相似文献   

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