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1.
凌起  曾尊固 《热带地理》1998,18(1):53-58
闽乐南区域是中国主要蔗糖产区之一,1986年其甘蔗种植面积为7.33×10^4hm^2,蔗糖产量为51.2×10^4t,之后连年滑坡,1995年其甘蔗种植面积仅为3.15×10^4mh^2,蔗糖产量16.2×10^4t。调查分析了闽乐南区域甘蔗生产的历史及现状,认为其连年滑坡是由多种因素造成的,包括粮食和甘蔗争地矛盾、甘蔗生产和收购政策变化、种蔗收入比其他现金作物低、农户生产规模小而分散等。根据消  相似文献   

2.
王献溥 《自然资源》1996,1(3):36-42
海南已建保护区78处,总面积266×10^4hm^2其中陆地68个,面积14×10^4hm^2,占全省陆地面积4.28%。可以说,对保护区已给予了应有的重视,保护区网也已形成,这是一个很也不起的成就。但是,也应该看到,保护区的管理水平仍远远跟不上形势发展的要求,亟极待加强。  相似文献   

3.
我国西南地区的水供应和粮食生产潜力   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
程根伟 《山地学报》2000,18(5):408-414
我国西南地区天然水源非常丰沛,总的可利用量达9400亿m^3/a,但工程调节能力较低,实际用水量仅为资源蕴藏的10%。农业灌溉是其主要耗水方式。西南五省(市、区)耕地约16700万亩(约1113万hm^2),有效灌溉面积占其中的42%,人均有效灌面积仅0.4亩(约0.0448hm^2)。今后粮食生产的潜力在于进一步发展水利工程,提高有效灌溉面积。在未来的10年可增加灌面近1500余万亩,约可增加粮  相似文献   

4.
何剑锋  陈波 《南极研究》1995,7(4):53-64
从1992年4月12月对东南极中山近央求发年冰生物是及其环境因子进行了预测。冰底有色层出现在4月下旬和11月下旬,集中于冰底2-3cm,叶绿素α最高含量分别为88.3mg/m^3和2810mg/,^3,相应的冰藻数量分别为3.5×10^6和1.21×10^8个/升。  相似文献   

5.
湖南省耕地变化态势分析与预测   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
夏安桃  何天祥 《热带地理》1999,19(3):225-227
首先利用统计资料揭示了80 年代以来湖南省耕地减少的状况: ①年均耕地减少呈增长趋势;②耕地减少以非建设占用为主, 但其所占比重逐步下降; ③耕地建设占用以国家建设占用为主, 并呈快速增长趋势; ④耕地减少地区分布不均。进而运用相关分析、主成份分析和多元回归分析等方法,对湖南省耕地减少的原因进行系统分析与探索, 得出湖南省耕地建设占用主要是由于市镇人口增长、居民消费增长、地方财政基本建设支出扩大和经济发展等造成的。然后根据市镇人口对耕地减少的趋势进行预测, 指出到2010 年如果将湖南省市镇人口控制在3 150 万人以内, 并开发全部宜耕荒地19 ×104 hm 2 , 则湖南省耕地将比1996 年净增376 ×104 hm 2 。最后提出了控制耕地减少的措施  相似文献   

6.
‘98嫩江,松花江洪水与流域综合管理   总被引:16,自引:4,他引:12  
1998年夏季,嫩江,松花江流域发生历史罕见的洪水,此次洪水主要特征是水位高,水量大、持续时间长,灾情严重,由于嫩江支流相继发生洪水,致使嫩江干流再现三次较大的洪峰。农作物受灾面积456×10^4hm^2,洪灾的主要原因是雨量大,汛期长,土地利用不合理,区域生态环境退化,缺乏控制性水利工程,亟需开展流域综合管理工作,加强水利工程建设,尤其是控制性水利工程建设,发展生态安全型农业。  相似文献   

7.
本主要讨论了大渤海区土地质量下降的形势,引起土地质量下降的因素及基 生的生态效应。结果表明,大渤海区约30×10^4km^2范围内,土地质量下降主要与土地盐渍化的形成和发展密切相关而土地盐渍经与海侵密切相关以及与不合理开采地下水等因素有关。  相似文献   

8.
我国耕地资源保护的问题及对策   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
我国人口对耕地的压力越来越大,耕地保护所面临的问题也越来越严重。耕地数量锐减,质量下降,且后备耕地资源不足,已成为当今我国农业生产和社会经济发展的巨大障碍。该文分析我国耕地资源的严峻形势以及耕地资源保护中存在的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的对策措施。  相似文献   

9.
我国人口对耕地的压力越来越大,耕地保护所面临的问题也越来越严重。耕地数量锐减,质量下降,区后备耕地资源不足,已成为当今我国农业生产和社会经济发展的巨大障碍。该文分析我国耕地资源的严峻形势以及耕地资源保护中存在的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的对策措施。  相似文献   

10.
辽河三角洲湿地资源与区域持续发展   总被引:35,自引:7,他引:35  
辽河三角洲湿地面积在、类型多、景观结构复杂多样,在该区经济发展中发挥巨大作用,利用遥感和GIS技术,在建立辽河三角洲湿地资源分类系统基础上,对该区湿地资源现状与分布特征进行研究,该区现有湿地314857hm^2,占全市总面积的79.5%。其中天然湿地159919hm^2,占总湿地面积的50.8%,人工湿地154838hm^2,占总湿地面积的49.2%,多年来的区域资源开发活动,使该区湿地面积和景观结构发生很大变化,湿地生态功能变受到严重影响和威胁,本文结合区域湿地资源与景观结构的动态变化状况,系统分析了区域湿地生态系统功能及受影响状况,并进一步提出区域资源开发与湿地保护及可持续发展对策。  相似文献   

11.
可持续发展的珠江三角洲土地资源研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
王玉亮  杨士弘 《热带地理》1997,17(3):233-237
伴随经济的高速发展,土地的不合理开发,耕地锐减和污染的与日俱增已成为珠江三角洲现代化进程中的严重障碍。本文分析了珠江三角洲经济发展中在土地资源上存在的弊端及耕地的变化趋势,提出了协调土地资源和经济发展的关系,实现资源可持续发展的战略和措施。  相似文献   

12.
Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures and calculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian‘an County in both spatial and temporal aspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changes and their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Land use changed greatly in Qian‘an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetland and water bodies, and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing and other construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by 102,137.23 ha over the half century. Accordingly, the main landscape type changed from a steppe landscape to a managed agricultural ecosystem. (2) Results of correlation analysis show that the land use change in the study area was mainly driven by the socioeconomic factors. (3) The ecological effects of land use change in the area are characterized by serious salinization, degression of soil fertility and the weakening, of landscaoe suitability.  相似文献   

13.
On arable land changes in Shandong Province and their driving forces   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
IntroductionAlmost all the provinces and autonomous regions in China have experienced decrease of arable land in the processes of economic development, population growth and urbanization. The situation is more serious in Shandong Province because of the big population and being an agricultural province. From 1949 to 1999, the arable land was decreased by more than 2 million ha in this province accompanied by rapid population growth. The total population in the province in 1999 was twice of t…  相似文献   

14.
The decrease of total cultivated area and the lower per capita available arable land resource are now serious problems in Shandong Province, a major agricultural province in China. These problems will become more serious along with the further development of economy. In this paper, based on the statistical information at provincial and county levels, the changes of arable land in Shandong Province and their driving forces during the last 50 years are analyzed. The general changing trends of arable land and per capita available arable land are reducing, and the trends of decrease will continue when the economy is developing. The result of GIS spatial analysis shows that the change of the arable land use in Shandong Province has a regional difference. Eight variables having influences on cultivated land change are analyzed by principal component analysis. The results show that the dynamic development of economy, pressure of social system and progress of scientific techniques in agriculture are the main causes for cultivated land reduction. The principal factors which can be considered as driving forces for arable land change include per capita net living space, total population and per ha grain yield. By using regressive equation, along with analysis on population growth and economic development, cultivated areas in Shandong Province in 2005 and 2010 are predicted respectively. The predicted cultivated areas in Shandong will be 6435.47 thousand ha in 2005 and 6336.23 thousand ha in 2010 respectively.  相似文献   

15.
Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures and calculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian'an County in both spatial and temporal aspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changes and their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Land use changed greatly in Qian'an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetland and water bodies, and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing and other construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by 102,137.23 ha over the half century. Accordingly, the main landscape type changed from a steppe landscape to a managed agricultural ecosystem. (2) Results of correlation analysis show that the land use change in the study area was mainly driven by the socioeconomic factors. (3) The ecological effects of land use change in the area are characterized by serious salinization, degression of soil fertility and the weakening of landscape suitability.  相似文献   

16.
Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures andcalculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian'an County in both spatial and temporalaspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changesand their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)Landuse changed greatly in Qian'an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetlandand water bodies,and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing andother construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by  相似文献   

17.
Central Ningxia is a desert-steppe area with a sparse population and fragile ecosystem. Having an annual average rainfall of 180-350mm, the area is dominated by animal husbandry and dry land farming. As the population grows, livestock increased and farmland expanded, which leads to damages of primitive grasslands vegetation and serious degeneration of steppe ecosystem due to over-grazing. Southern Ningxia is a populous loessic hilly area subject to serious soil erosion. Since 1975, the local …  相似文献   

18.
张红旗  李达净 《地理研究》2021,40(3):597-612
厘清西北干旱区不稳定耕地的资源清单对于维持区域生态平衡至关重要。当前,全国对不稳定耕地的定义和分类比较笼统,难以突出西北干旱区不稳定耕地的特征。本文阐明了西北干旱区不稳定耕地的概念,并根据不稳定因素构建了分类体系。同时以昌吉州为例,分析不稳定耕地的数量、质量与空间分布。结果表明:① 昌吉州不稳定耕地面积为14.56万hm2,占耕地总面积的22.37%。生态不稳定型、生产不稳定型、混合不稳定型和社会经济不稳定型分别占不稳定耕地总面积的36.54%、34.03%、17.94%和11.49%。② 昌吉州不稳定耕地以低等地为主,四至六等地合计占不稳定耕地总面积的79.96%。研究结果可为西北干旱区不稳定耕地的深入理解提供参考,同时为案例地区耕地资源的有效管理提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

19.
拉萨地区土地利用变化情景分析   总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22  
除多  张镱锂  郑度 《地理研究》2005,24(6):869-877
根据西藏拉萨地区1990年、1995年和2000年3个时点的土地利用数据,应用马尔科夫过程模型分析了未来20年内拉萨地区的土地利用情景变化,并与90年代制定的拉萨地区土地利用规划面积进行了对比研究。研究结果:1)10年间,土地利用类型变化最广泛的是牧草地。变化方向主要由牧草地向耕地、园地、林地、居民点及水域转变,其中变成林地的面积最大,为2338.25hm2(占变化面积的94.093%);2)拉萨地区未来20年中土地利用类型发展趋势是耕地、牧草地、水域和未利用土地面积将进一步减少,林地、园地和居民点面积将进一步增加;3)土地利用规划面积与基于马尔科夫模型的土地利用变化情景分析结果比较吻合,马尔科夫过程模型对制定该区域土地利用规划具有重要的参考价值;4)由于土地利用变化是一个复杂的过程,不仅受到众多自然因素的影响,而且受到未来土地利用政策、社会经济发展、区域内大型工程项目及其他人类活动等不确定因素的影响,从而不同土地利用类型之间的转移概率会发生变化,使得基于马尔科夫过程模型预测的精度有一定的局限性。  相似文献   

20.
鲁西北地区土地现实生产力调查与估算   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以鲁西北地区县级1∶5万土壤类型图图斑作为基础评价单元,根据农户现有的投入水平,采用“调查法”模拟分析农业土地资源的现实生产力,并与统计资料和“机制法”模型模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,现实投入水平下鲁西北地区夏玉米单产略高于冬小麦单产,对冬小麦的投入从整体上来看相当于中等投入,但又存在着区域差异。对夏玉米的投入具有南北向的差异,由南到北投入水平逐渐降低。鲁西北地区土地现实生产力以宁津县最高,庆云县最低,与“机制法”模型模拟结果比较,各县市之间土地生产潜力差距较大。由此可以说明,各县市土壤质量本身对土地年生产力的大小起着重要作用,进一步证明“调查法”能充分反映土壤在土地综合性质中的主要作用。  相似文献   

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