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1.
51 年来珠江流域输沙量的变化   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
根据1955~2005 年珠江流域主要水文站的径流量和输沙量数据以及流域降水量数据, 对珠江流域输沙量的变化进行了研究, 结果发现: (1) 石角站(北江)、博罗站(东江)、迁江站 (红水河) 以及高要站(西江干流) 输沙量呈下降趋势, 而柳州站(柳江)、南宁站(郁江) 的输沙量则呈上升趋势。(2) 1955~2005 年珠江入海泥沙(石角站、博罗站、高要站输沙量之和) 均 值为7529×104 t/yr, 并在总体上也呈下降趋势。珠江入海泥沙还存在着年际变化上的波动性和阶段性特征, 即从1950 年代到1980 年代呈显著的上升趋势, 而此后呈显著下降趋势。通过分析认为: (1) 气候变化是造成珠江流域输沙量年际波动性变化的主要因素, 但不是造成珠江入海泥沙下降的主要影响因素; (2) 珠江流域入海泥沙的阶段性变化特征与水土流失和水土保持相关; (3) 水库建设是造成1955~2005 年珠江流域入海泥沙减少的主要因素。(4) 珠江流域入海泥沙将可能进一步减少, 这将对未来珠江河口环境和三角洲的演变产生影响, 加强进一步的研究非常必要。  相似文献   

2.
西北江网河来水来沙及分水分沙变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据西、北江干流高要、石角和西北江网河区顶端马口、三水共4个代表水文站1960-2004年流量、输沙率的月均序列,分析西北江网河来水来沙及分水分沙变化特征,结果表明:西北江网河来水来沙季节变化明显,且西江比北江更为集中;西江的水沙变幅比北江小,西、北江输沙率年际变化大于流量年际变化;来水来沙均存在明显的3种尺度周期变化,即年内(0.3~0.7 a)、年际(1.2~6.6 a)和年代际(11.0~20.2 a)周期变化,以年代际变化最为显著;来水量长期变化趋势除马口站外均为递增,来沙量长期变化趋势除三水站外均为递减;1993年后西北江网河区顶端三水站分流分沙比显著增大,其与网河区大规模无序采沙活动密切相关.  相似文献   

3.
近60年来黄河入海水沙通量变化的阶段性与多尺度特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以1950-2011年黄河利津站实测水沙资料为基础,利用突变分析和有序聚类分析方法对60年来黄河入海水沙通量变化过程进行了阶段性划分,并利用功率谱、交叉谱和小波分析方法对同期黄河入海水沙通量的多尺度周期性变化特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,1985年为利津站水沙通量显著变化的时间分界点,此后利津站的径流量和输沙量的各种尺度变化都呈现出明显的减弱趋势。入海径流量和输沙量在时间尺度上分别在2.86a、4.44a和13.33a存在显著相关关系。黄河入海水沙通量变化的阶段性特征受流域的降水以及人类活动尤其是水库建设、干流引水、水土保持等工程措施的影响,进入80年代后受人类活动影响越来越大。西太平洋副热带高压的准两年周期振荡和年代际振荡、降水的周期性、太阳活动的年代际周期是影响黄河入海水沙通量周期性变化的重要因素,使得黄河入海水沙通量的周期性变化集中在年代际变化和年际变化上。黄河入海水沙通量的阶段性递变除受年代际尺度周期性变化控制外,还与人类活动的干扰有着密切的关系。  相似文献   

4.
近60 年黄河入海水沙多尺度变化及其对河口的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
刘锋  陈沈良  彭俊  陈广泉 《地理学报》2011,66(3):313-323
基于1950-2008 年利津站月均径流量和输沙量的时间序列资料,采用小波分析的方法研究了黄河入海水沙多尺度变化,并结合不同年份的黄河口岸线和口门地形资料分析了水沙变化对河口演变的影响。结果表明:黄河入海水沙具有3 个不同时间尺度的显著周期变化,其与厄尔尼诺事件有关,不同尺度下的入海水沙丰枯变化不同;受流域降水和人类活动的影响,入海水沙长期呈减少趋势,并具有阶段变化的特征;入海水沙变化深刻影响着河口演变,不同时期行水河口的岸线延伸速率与河口来沙量有关,亿t 泥沙岸线延伸量与来沙系数显著相关,自1976 年清水沟流路入海以来,河口水下三角洲表现为淤积,淤积程度与入海水沙量密切相关。  相似文献   

5.
本文以1962-1989年水文资料和雨量站资料为基础,分析了藉河流域水沙的季节及年际变化规律,并且对降雨与人类活动导致的年径流泥沙变化影响进行了估算.研究结果表明,藉河流域水沙年内分配极不均匀,7-10月径流量占全年的61.6%,6-9月泥沙量占全年的87.9%;水沙年际变化剧烈,输沙量和径流量的变差系数分别为0.72...  相似文献   

6.
基于小波多尺度变换的渭河水沙演变规律研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
关中平原地区是推动陕西省经济社会发展的引擎,其生产总值占陕西省的70%以上,但是水资源短缺、时空分布不均、河流含沙量高等问题严重制约其经济社会的发展。运用小波变换、滑动t检验、累积距平以及Yamamoto、Mann-Kendall等方法系统分析了1935-2011年渭河水沙序列演变规律。研究结果显示:77 a间除20世纪70年代、80年代外,其它年代渭河华县站水沙变化波动下降的匹配趋势均一致,其中径流量减流速度大于输沙量减沙速度;渭河水沙序列周期变化不一,径流量变化的主周期依次为38 a、14 a、4 a,输沙量变化的主周期依次为15 a、49 a、43 a、4 a;除输沙量49 a变化周期外,其他水沙变化周期大致相近;由于渭河输沙量变化所受气候及人类活动的影响远较径流量复杂,加之水沙异源,所以渭河华县站输沙量周期变化及突变点分布情况比径流量变化复杂,且其第一主周期变化呈现独特的变化态势。  相似文献   

7.
秦岭-黄淮平原交界带河流水沙关系分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
管华 《山地学报》1999,17(2):110-114
对秦岭-黄淮平原交界带河流水沙关系及其成因的分析表明,水沙年际变化趋势具有2个特征;各站径流过程曲线和输沙过程曲线走势大致相同;各站水沙变化趋势基本一致。年内水沙关系具有3个特征。相关曲线呈顺时针绳套关系上;上半年内同流量的含沙量1-4月小于5(6)月,呈现出逆时针型的相关趋势;5-6月份且平均径流量明显减少,而且平均含沙量明显增加。  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原年楚河流域径流变化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于青藏高原河流年楚河1961-2000年天然径流量资料,选用Mann-Kendal分析方法和小波分析等方法对年楚河径流变化特征进行研究。结果表明:年楚河流域径流量年际变化相对平稳,年内分配极不均衡。丰水季节与枯水季节径流量相差悬殊,6-9月径流量占全年65%,最大月径流量占全年百分比达24.56%;在1961-2000年中,年楚河径流量呈现显著增加趋势,在1985年左右径流量发生突变性增加;日喀则和江孜两站5-8年左右时间尺度的周期震荡最显著,其次10-15年左右时间尺度的周期震荡也较为显著,两站径流量变化的主周期分别为5年和7年,次周期分别为13和12年。年楚河流域气温升高引起冰川融水增加可能是年楚河径流量增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
根据宜昌站、汉口站和大通站的径流量数据,运用M-K检验和小波分析等方法,对1900年以来长江流域径流量的趋势和周期变化进行分析,探究径流量变化对厄尔尼诺?南方涛动(ENSO)和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)的响应。结果表明:1900 年以来长江流域径流量呈显著的减少趋势,并具有2~8 a的年际周期变化和14~17 a的年代际周期变化。流域径流量与ENSO具有相同的2~8 a周期变化,在El Ni?o发生期,径流量较低,在La Ni?a发生期,径流量较高。14~17 a的周期变化与PDO相关,在暖位相期径流量偏少,在冷位相期径流量偏多。PDO影响着ENSO和径流量之间的相关性,在暖位相期,El Ni?o对径流量的影响增强,在冷位相期,La Ni?a对径流量的影响增强。因此,在分析和预测流域径流量长时间尺度上的变化时要综合考虑ENSO和PDO的影响。  相似文献   

10.
黄河沙漠宽谷段水沙变化特征及驱动因素   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
根据定位观测、第一次全国水利普查、遥感影像解译的数据,利用MWP、双累计曲线、水土保持分析法、数学模拟等方法,分析了黄河上游水沙变化特征,评估了多元驱动因素对2000-2012年黄河下河沿-头道拐沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的贡献率。结果表明:与20世纪70年代以前的基准期相比,2000年以来径流量、输沙量同步减少,水沙关系也发生变化,单位径流量的输沙量明显减少;沙漠宽谷段径流量减幅沿程不断增加而输沙量减幅沿程变化不大,水沙年内分配较基准期发生倒置,来沙系数不断减小;灌区引水引沙、水土保持措施、水库拦沙、支流来水来沙、水库调蓄及河道冲淤是沙漠宽谷段水沙变化的主要影响因子;经济社会发展用水对沙漠宽谷段径流量减少的作用最大,贡献率为81%,其次是水库蓄泄量,占15%以上;水库拦沙对头道拐输沙量减少的贡献率最大,占41%,其次是支流水土保持措施,贡献率约占13%,入黄风沙减少的贡献率并不大,约为6%,而河道淤积量、灌区引沙量较基准期都是减少的,贡献率分别约为-41%和-8%;近10多年来降雨等自然因素对水沙变化的作用相对不大,起主要作用的是水库运用、水土保持、经济社会发展等人类活动因素。  相似文献   

11.
黄河内蒙古段洪峰特征及水沙关系变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过黄河头道拐站1950-2009 年水沙年系列进行突变点分析, 识别出1969 年、1986 年、1996 年3 个突变点, 将黄河内蒙古段水文过程划分为4 个时期。在此基础上, 利用内蒙古段6 个水文站长系列日流量、日含沙量及泥沙组成数据, 划分了各站的夏汛洪峰, 并统计分析了分期洪峰的水沙分布特征和洪峰水沙关系, 揭示出夏汛洪峰流量和输沙率逐渐减少的规律:1996-2006 年与1954-1968 年相比, 夏汛洪峰水沙量占全年水沙的比例都减少了约一半, 流量级频率与输沙率乘积的峰值对应的流量也降低了约一半。分析认为, 黄河内蒙古段夏汛洪峰特征阶段性变化既有大型水库的影响, 又有气候变化及人类活动的影响, 而且后者的作用越来越大。分析发现, 20 世纪90 年代以前, 黄河上游水沙变化只是改变了内蒙古段来沙中粗颗粒泥沙的水沙关系, 显示出大流量输送粗颗粒泥沙能力相对增强的趋向;进入内蒙段后, 通过泥沙冲淤调整, 分粒径组泥沙水沙关系变化比较复杂。近期在水沙条件巨大变化下, 河流的输沙特性并没有发生根本变化, 但是无论全沙还是分组沙, 水沙关系曲线变陡, 大流量输送泥沙能力相对增强。  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines the changes in the time series of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea. To determine the characteristics of abrupt changes and multi-scale periods of water discharge and sediment load, data from Lijin station were analyzed, and the resonance periods were then calculated. The Mann-Kendall test, order clustering, power-spectrum, and wavelet analysis were used to observe water discharge and sediment load into the sea over the last 62 years. The most significant abrupt change in water discharge into the sea occurred in 1985, and an abrupt change in sediment load happened in the same year. Significant decreases of 64.6% and 73.8% were observed in water discharge and sediment load, respectively, before 1985. More significant abrupt changes in water discharge and sediment load were observed in 1968 and 1996. The characteristics of water discharge and sediment load into the Bohai Sea show periodic oscillation at inter-annual and decadal scales. The main periods of water discharge are 9.14 years and 3.05 years, whereas the main periods of sediment load are 10.67 years, 4.27 years, and 2.78 years. The significant resonance periods between water discharge and sediment load are observed at the following temporal scales: 2.86 years, 4.44 years, and 13.33 years. Water discharge and sediment load started to decrease after 1970 and has decreased significantly since 1985 for several reasons. Firstly, the precipitation of the Yellow River drainage area has reduced since 1970. Secondly, large-scale human activities, such as the building of reservoirs and floodgates, have increased. Thirdly, water and soil conservation have taken effect since 1985.  相似文献   

13.
1950-2008年黄河入海水沙变化(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Based on hydrological data observed at Lijin gauging station from 1950 to 2008, the temporal changes of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the sea were analyzed by the wavelet analysis, and their impacts on the estuary were investigated in different periods based on the measured coastline and bathymetry data. The results show that: (1) there were three significant periodicities, i.e. annual (0.5-1.0-year), internnual (3.0-6.5-year) and decadal (10.1-14.2-year), in the variations of w...  相似文献   

14.
In order to find out the variation process of water-sediment and its effect on the Yellow River Delta, the water discharge and sediment load at Lijin from 1950 to 2007 and the decrease of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River Basin caused by human disturbances were analyzed by means of statistics. It was shown that the water discharge and sediment load into the sea were decreasing from 1950 to 2007 with serious fluctuation. The human activities were the main cause for decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea. From 1950 to 2005, the average annual reduction of water discharge and sediment load by means of water-soil conservation practices were 2.02×109 m3 and 3.41×108 t respectively, and the average annual volume by water abstraction for industry and agriculture were 2.52×1010 m3 and 2.42×108 t respectively. The average sediment trapped by Sanmenxia Reservoir was 1.45×108 t from 1960 to 2007, and the average sediment retention of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was 2.398×108 t from 1997 to 2007. Compared to the data records at Huanyuankou, the water discharge and sediment load into the sea decreased with siltation in the lower reaches and increased with scouring in the lower reaches. The coastline near river mouth extended and the delta area increased when the ratio of accumulative sediment load and accumulative water discharge into the sea (SSCT) is 25.4–26.0 kg/m3 in different time periods. However, the sharp decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea in recent years, especially the Yellow River into the sea at Qing 8, the entire Yellow River Delta has turned into erosion from siltation, and the time for a reversal of the state was about 1997.  相似文献   

15.
2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减归因分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
高海东  刘晗  贾莲莲  庞国伟  王杰 《地理学报》2019,74(9):1745-1757
2000年以来,黄河输沙量锐减。科学认识黄河输沙量变化原因,具有重要意义。以河龙区间为研究对象,分析了河龙区间输沙量变化趋势,构建了梯田、淤地坝以及植被等大规模生态建设措施的减沙贡献率计算方法,阐述了2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减原因,针对河龙区间输沙量变化趋势和治理格局,提出了河龙区间治理对策。主要结论为:① 1952-2017年,河龙区间年降水量无显著变化趋势,研究区年输沙量呈现极显著减少趋势(p < 0.001);② 1979年和1999年为研究区输沙量发生突变的两个时间节点(p < 0.05),1952-1979年区间年均输沙量为9.30亿t,1980-1999年区间年均输沙量为4.20亿t,2000-2017年均输沙量大幅降至1.03亿t,降幅达89%;③ 受植被和梯田共同影响,2000-2015年研究区坡面土壤侵蚀量变化介于1.90亿~5.13亿t之间,且呈下降趋势;2000-2011年河龙区间淤地坝年均拦沙量为1.38亿t;④ 植被恢复是河龙区间输沙量减少的主要原因,贡献率为54%,梯田和淤地坝合计贡献了34%,水库拦沙和引水取沙贡献了12%;⑤ 植被恢复主要导致径流含沙量降低,而淤地坝建设主要降低了流域泥沙输移比。  相似文献   

16.
红水河是珠江流域的主要泥沙来源,为了确定1955-2016年红水河流域输沙量变化特征及其影响因素,论文尝试采用有序聚类分析确定了流域输沙量变化的3个时期,并利用泥沙归因诊断分析计算了含沙量、径流系数和降雨因子在不同时期对输沙量变化的贡献程度,在此基础上进一步对影响输沙量变化的主要因素进行了分析。研究表明:1955-2016年间红水河流域输沙量存在1963和1991年2个突变点,在突变点前后输沙量存在明显变化,且这一变化主要受含沙量因子控制,人类活动是造成流域输沙量变化的根本原因。其中在1955-1991年间,红水河输沙量的上升主要由毁林开荒引起的流域水土流失面积增加所导致;而在1964-2016年间,水库修建使红水河流域输沙量减少了83.49%,而同时期植被覆盖度的增长贡献了输沙量减少的12.03%。将WaTEM/SEDEM模型模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,同样发现1964-2016年输沙量变化的绝大部分(81.03%)由修建水库所贡献,而土地利用变化对输沙量减少的贡献相对较小(18.97%)。  相似文献   

17.
近60年黄河水沙变化及其对三角洲沉积的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
In order to find out the variation process of water-sediment and its effect on the Yellow River Delta, the water discharge and sediment load at Lijin from 1950 to 2007 and the decrease of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River Basin caused by human disturbances were analyzed by means of statistics. It was shown that the water discharge and sediment load into the sea were decreasing from 1950 to 2007 with serious fluctuation. The human activities were the main cause for decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea. From 1950 to 2005, the average annual reduction of water discharge and sediment load by means of water-soil conservation practices were 2.02×109 m3 and 3.41×108 t respectively, and the average annual volume by water abstraction for industry and agriculture were 2.52×1010 m3 and 2.42×108 t respectively. The average sediment trapped by Sanmenxia Reservoir was 1.45×108 t from 1960 to 2007, and the average sediment retention of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was 2.398×108 t from 1997 to 2007. Compared to the data records at Huanyuankou, the water discharge and sediment load into the sea decreased with siltation in the lower reaches and increased with scouring in the lower reaches. The coastline near river mouth extended and the delta area increased when the ratio of accumulative sediment load and accumulative water discharge into the sea (SSCT) is 25.4–26.0 kg/m3 in different time periods. However, the sharp decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea in recent years, especially the Yellow River into the sea at Qing 8, the entire Yellow River Delta has turned into erosion from siltation, and the time for a reversal of the state was about 1997.  相似文献   

18.
Based on hydrological data observed at Lijin gauging station from 1950 to 2008, the temporal changes of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the sea were analyzed by the wavelet analysis, and their impacts on the estuary were investigated in different periods based on the measured coastline and bathymetry data. The results show that: (1) there were three significant periodicities, i.e. annual (0.5-1.0-year), internnual (3.0-6.5-year) and decadal (10.1-14.2-year), in the variations of water discharge and sedi- ment load into the sea, which might be related to the periodic variations of El Nino and Southern Oscillation at long-term timescales. Variations of water discharge and sediment load were varying in various timescales, and their periodic variations were not significant during the 1970s-2000s due to strong human disturbances. (2) The long-term variation of water discharge and sediment load into the sea has shown a stepwise decrease since the 1950s due to the combined influences of human activities and precipitation decrease in the Yellow River Basin, and the human activities were the main cause for the decrease of water discharge and sediment load. (3) The water discharge and sediment load into the sea greatly influenced the evolution of the Yellow River Estuary, especially the stretch rate of coastline and the deposition rate of the sub-aqueous topography off the estuary which deposited since 1976.  相似文献   

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