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1.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(11)
We analyzed the spatial local accuracy of land cover(LC) datasets for the Qiangtang Plateau, High Asia, incorporating 923 field sampling points and seven LC compilations including the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System(IGBPDIS), Global Land cover mapping at 30 m resolution(GlobeLand30), MODIS Land Cover Type product(MCD12 Q1), Climate Change Initiative Land Cover(CCI-LC), Global Land Cover 2000(GLC2000), University of Maryland(UMD), and GlobCover 2009(GlobCover). We initially compared resultant similarities and differences in both area and spatial patterns and analyzed inherent relationships with data sources. We then applied a geographically weighted regression(GWR) approach to predict local accuracy variation. The results of this study reveal that distinct differences, even inverse time series trends, in LC data between CCI-LC and MCD12 Q1 were present between 2001 and 2015, with the exception of category areal discordance between the seven datasets. We also show a series of evident discrepancies amongst the LC datasets sampled here in terms of spatial patterns, that is, high spatial congruence is mainly seen in the homogeneous southeastern region of the study area while a low degree of spatial congruence is widely distributed across heterogeneous northwestern and northeastern regions. The overall combined spatial accuracy of the seven LC datasets considered here is less than 70%, and the GlobeLand30 and CCI-LC datasets exhibit higher local accuracy than their counterparts, yielding maximum overall accuracy(OA) values of 77.39% and 61.43%, respectively. Finally, 5.63% of this area is characterized by both high assessment and accuracy(HH) values, mainly located in central and eastern regions of the Qiangtang Plateau, while most low accuracy regions are found in northern, northeastern, and western regions. 相似文献
2.
毛乌素沙区沙漠化土地防治区划 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
毛乌素沙区在自然条件、沙漠化程度和变化趋势及产业经济发展特征等方面具有明显的空间异质性,合理地进行区域沙漠化土地防治区划是因地制宜开展土地沙漠化防治工作的重要基础。选取自然条件、沙漠化发展过程及人类活动等方面12个指标,将毛乌素沙区划分为黄土高原与鄂尔多斯高原过渡区、毛乌素沙地腹地典型草原区和西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原区3个区、7个亚区、12个小区。在区域可持续发展战略的实施过程中,要根据亚区和小区的特点有针对性地进行沙漠化土地的防治,充分利用区域资源优势,优化产业结构,确保经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的稳步提升。 相似文献
3.
2000—2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化及驱动力分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土地利用/覆盖变化是全球变化研究的重要问题,而海岸带则是该领域研究的热点区域。以三套土地利用/覆盖数据（MCD12Q1、CCI-LC和GlobeLand30）为基础,采用基于一致性分析和模糊集合理论的数据融合方法,获取2000年和2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖分类信息,进而分析土地利用/覆盖变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明：十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化方式主要以耕地萎缩和林地扩张为主,其次是湿地扩张,再次是草地和裸地萎缩,最后是灌木地和人造地表扩张;土地利用/覆盖类型之间的相互转换面积较小,仅占研究区总面积的4.22%,其中分布面积占优势的变化类型为耕地–林地–草地相互转换、灌木地–裸地相互转换、林地转为湿地以及林地转为灌木地等。地形因素、气候分异等自然驱动力深刻影响着土地利用/覆盖变化的宏观格局,而人口压力增大、经济高速发展、政策的颁布与实施等人文驱动力则是推动十年间亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
Accuracy evaluation of two precipitation datasets over upper reach of Heihe River Basin, northwestern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
As an important forcing data for hydrologic models, precipitation has significant effects on model simulation. The China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (ITP) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (G... 相似文献
5.
青藏高原气温空间分布规律及其生态意义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
作为世界第三极的青藏高原,其巨大的块体产生了显著的夏季增温作用,对亚洲乃至全球气候都具有重大影响。但由于高原自然条件严酷,山区气象观测台站很少,气象资料极度匮乏;如果依靠台站数据进行空间插值获得高原气温的空间分布数据,会由于插值点过少而产生较大误差并可能掩盖一些空间信息,因而难以全面反映高原气温的空间分布规律。利用基于MODIS地表温度数据估算的青藏高原气温数据,详细分析各月气温及重要等温线的空间分布格局,并结合林线和雪线数据,初步探讨了高原气温空间分布格局对高原地理生态格局的重要影响。研究表明：① 等温线的海拔高度自高原东北部、东部边缘向内部逐渐升高,等温线在高原内部比东部边缘高500~2000 m,表明相同海拔高度上气温自边缘向高原内部逐渐升高。② 高原西北部的羌塘高原、可可西里为高原的寒冷区,全年有7个月的气温低于0 ℃,3~4个月的气温低于-10 ℃;青藏高原南部（喜马拉雅山北坡—冈底斯山南坡）和中部（冈底斯山北坡—唐古拉山南坡）是高原的温暖区,全年有5个月的气温能达到5~10 ℃,有3个月的气温能超过10 ℃,尤其是拉萨—林芝—左贡一带在3500~4000 m以下的地区最冷月均温也能高于0 ℃。③ 北半球最高雪线和林线分别分布于高原的西南部和东南部,表明高原气温空间分布特征对本地的地理生态格局具有重要影响。 相似文献
6.
西伯利亚是全球环境变化的重要敏感性区域,但以往缺乏该区域中高分辨率地表覆盖数据,对其地表覆盖的整体分布与变化缺乏深入的认识。本文利用中国新近研制的2000、2010年两期30 m分辨率地表覆盖数据产品GlobeLand30,对2000-2010年西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布格局、变化幅度、区域差异及主要地类的变化原因进行了综合分析。研究发现：①西伯利亚地表覆盖的空间分布现状具有明显的地带性特征。②10年间,西伯利亚地区地表覆盖整体变化幅度较大,其中林地及草地呈显著缩减、湿地呈较大幅度增加、耕地呈微弱减少、人造地表呈增加态势。③10年间,西伯利亚地表覆盖变化具有显著的区域差异性。变化最显著的为西西伯利亚地区,其中以湿地增加最明显,主要分布于鄂毕河—叶尼塞河流域,林地、草地及耕地减少集中于西伯利亚西南部。④人类活动和气候变暖是引发西伯利亚地表覆盖变化的主要原因。大规模林地砍伐导致林地减少;冰冻层消融,林地、草地和水体向湿地的转化是湿地增加的主要原因;耕地的人为废弃和撂荒导致耕地面积有所减少。 相似文献
7.
基于改进土壤冻融水循环的Biome-BGC模型估算青藏高原草地NPP 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Biome-BGC模型被广泛用于估算植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity, NPP）,但是该模型未考虑冻土区土壤冻融水循环过程对植被生长的影响。本文基于Biome-BGC模型,改进冻土区活动层土壤冻融水循环,估算了2000—2018年青藏高原高寒草地NPP。通过比较原模型和改进后的模型,并对NPP模拟结果的时空特征进行了分析,结果表明：① 增加冻融循环提高了NPP估算精度,青藏高原草地NPP均值由114.68 gC/(m2·a)提高到128.02 gC/(m2·a)。② 原模型和改进后NPP的空间分布差异较大,时间变化趋势差异不明显。③ 青藏高原草地NPP总量为253.83 TgC/a,呈东南向西北递减的空间格局,年均增速为0.21gC/(m2·a)（P=0.023）,显著增加的占17.85%,主要分布在羌塘高寒草原地带的大部分地区和藏南山地灌木草原地带的西部。④ 该冻融水循环改进方法简单可靠,具有在其他多年冻土区推广的价值。 相似文献
8.
论文对比分析了1980—2016年基于站点插值降水数据CMA(China Meteorological Administration)和APHRODITE(Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation)、卫星遥感降水数据PERSIANN-CDR(Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network-Climate Data Record)和GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)、大气再分析数据GLDAS(Global Land Data Assimilation System)以及区域气候模式输出数据HAR(High Asia Refined analysis)在雅鲁藏布江7个子流域的降水时空描述,利用国家气象站点数据对各套降水数据进行单点验证,并以这6套降水数据驱动VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)大尺度陆面水文模型反向评估了各套降水产品在雅鲁藏布江各子流域径流模拟中的应用潜力。结果表明：① PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS年均降水量最高(770~790 mm),其次是HAR和GPM(650~660 mm),CMA和APHRODITE年均降水量最低(460~500 mm)。除GPM外,其他降水产品在各子流域都能表现季风流域的降水特征,约70%~90%的年降水量集中在6—9月份。② 除PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS外,其他降水产品皆捕捉到流域降水自东南向西北递减的空间分布特征。其中,HAR数据空间分辨率最高,表现出更详细的流域内部降水空间分布特征。③ 与对应网格内的国家气象站降水数据对比显示,APHRODITE、GPM和HAR降水整体低估(低估10%~30%),且严重低估的站点主要集中在下游(低估40%~120%)。PERSIANN-CDR和GLDAS整体表现为高估上游流域站点降水(高估28%~60%),但低估下游流域站点降水(低估11%~21%)。④ 在流域径流模拟上,当前的6套降水产品在精度或时段上仍无法满足水文模型模拟的需求。⑤ 通过水文模型反向评估,6套降水产品中区域气候模式输出的HAR在流域平均降水量和季节分配上更合理。 相似文献
9.
首套全球30 m分辨率土地覆被产品区域尺度精度评价——以河南省为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以河南省为研究区,对全球首套30 m分辨率土地覆盖产品GlobleLand30进行区域尺度精度评价。首先,以中国1
10.
土地变化科学中的尺度问题与解决途径 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
尺度问题是土地变化科学中的关键问题。总结国内外近10年来土地变化研究中尺度问题的进展表明:土地变化研究中的尺度问题多集中于数据处理、格局与过程的表征、驱动力的影响、模型运用、生态环境效应以及土地政策与可持续管理等方面。尺度问题主要产生于地理现象的异质性、地理系统的等级性、响应与反馈的非线性、干扰因素的影响及主观认识的局限等。土地变化中尺度问题研究的一般途径为尺度选择-尺度分析-尺度综合;尺度选择时应该以问题为指向,数据为基础,选择适宜的尺度;尺度分析中需要从更大尺度和更小尺度同时开展分析,找出重要的变化动态,防止信息的遗漏或夸大;尺度综合是认识全球与地方关系的纽带,可将其分为尺度上推和尺度下推,在尺度综合中方法是主导,目标是寻找各尺度之间的"连通性"。模型有助于深刻理解土地利用系统动态,发展嵌套式模型是目前尺度综合研究中的重要内容。 相似文献
11.
受缅甸国内局势影响和国际环境制约,加上缺乏中高分辨率地理信息资料,外界对其地理环境研究甚少,尤其是缺乏对其地表覆盖变化及驱动因子的了解和认知。利用我国研制的世界上首套全球两期（2000和2010年）30米地表覆盖信息产品GlobeLand30,分析2000—2010年缅甸全国地表覆盖的空间分布与变化,并结合社会经济统计数据,从政策调控、政治环境、经济发展、民族文化等方面综合研究了地表覆盖变化的驱动因素。研究发现,十年间缅甸地表覆盖变化较大,时空差异明显。具体为：①林地呈东增西减,总量增加迅速,新增林地中心向东南、东北集中并有不断增长的趋势,靠近“金三角”的缅东南、德林达依海岸的各省邦成为林地高速增长区;②全国范围内耕地减少,在伊洛瓦底河谷区集中依然明显,伊洛瓦底江中下游以西和掸邦耕地减少最多,林地和人造地表侵占显著,农业特许经营和替代种植影响显著;③人造地表增长迅速,以伊洛瓦底江三角洲为重心,向河谷中游和东部蔓延,人口较多的缅族和掸族聚居区成为人造地表高速增长区;④就地表覆盖变化的驱动因素而言,十年间自然灾害对南部地区地表覆盖有明显的影响,但农业政策、政治格局、经济驱动是主要驱动因素。 相似文献
12.
伊朗由于其独特的地理位置和脆弱的生态环境一直以来都是气候变化研究的热点区域,降水作为伊朗水资源的重要来源对生态环境和社会经济发展尤为重要,因此评估降水数据集的适用性是进行科学研究的基础。本文利用伊朗1988—2017年103个观测站的年降水数据（OBS）,以平均偏差（Mean Error,ME）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、相关系数（correlation coefficient,R）对Global Precipitation Climatology Centre（GPCC）V2020、Climatic Research Unit（CRU）TS 4.05、Terrestrial Air Temperature and Precipitation: Monthly and Annual Time Series（UDEL）V5.01和NOAA's Precipitation Reconstruction over Land（PREC）四套全球网格降水数据集在伊朗的适用性进行评估,并进一步分析了地形对不同数据集精度的影响。研究结果显示：① GPCC降水数据偏差最小,与观测数据相关性最高,最适合伊朗现代气候变化研究。② GPCC、CRU、和UDEL均能反映伊朗降水的基本特征,但普遍会低估降水高值,PREC数据不能准确反映伊朗降水的空间分布模态,因此使用PREC数据分析伊朗降水特征时应当谨慎。③ 海拔和坡度对ME、RMSE以及R有一定影响,坡向对数据集精度影响不大。以上结论可为四套数据的订正及其在伊朗地区气候变化研究中的应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
This study integrates the use of multi-source and multi-resolution remote sensing, topographic and field-based datasets to quantify land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes along a coastal stretch of Thua Thien Hue Province (central Vietnam). The LULC change analysis involves the Tam Giang-Cau Hai lagoon, the largest lagoon system in Southeast Asia, which is running nearly 70 km along the coast and having about 22,000 ha of water surface.The LULC change analysis was performed by computer-aided visual interpretation for 5 years (1965, 1989, 2000, 2006 and 2014) using satellite imagery from LANDSAT MSS, TM, ETM+ and 8, ASTER and SPOT5. National topographic maps were also used for the 1965 and 2000 years.To adequately represent the LULC features and peculiarities of central Vietnam coastal areas, an adapted CORINE Land Cover nomenclature was used where new 3rd and 4th level classes were adopted. Due to their intrinsic relative high spatial and radiometric resolution, SPOT5 images from 2006 were assumed as a reference for interpretation keys and first delineation. Changes were mapped by editing those vectors representing features which underwent LULC change prior or after 2006. Spatial and temporal changes were analyzed by post-classification approach and validated by ground truth information. High detail object-based classification was finally performed to infer the capability of medium spatial resolution imagery for extracting cadastral scale pond maps. The accuracy of classification was checked by a polygon by polygon comparison with an existing aquaculture facility inventory.Five LULC maps were obtained by applying a legend of 21 classes including two newly defined: “Aquaculture ponds” and “Mangrove forest”. The overall classification accuracy of the LULC map is 85% while the KHAT statistics 0.81 for the year 2006. Accuracy of the object-based aquaculture facilities classification is 84% or better for the SPOT5 imagery and 47.9% for the ASTER imagery. The study provides a synoptic LULC representation for the largest lagoon system of Southeast Asia and delivers quantitative estimates of main changes occurred during the last 50 years. Moreover, it reveals the adaptability of the CORINE Land Cover method outside European environment. Finally, SPOT5 provides good results to map aquaculture features at cadastral scale, even if in some circumstances (e.g. tidal areas), the integration with higher spatial resolution multispectral sensors should be envisaged. 相似文献
14.
Wildfires are widely reviewed as key inputs to Mediterranean ecosystems. However, research is often flawed by major biases. (1) The approach adopted by most planners focusing on forest fires dismisses the human dimension of fire as a component of agricultural production systems. (2) The Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) concept postulates that cities and wildlands/wildfires are, and should remain, worlds apart, a statement whose truth is increasingly questioned by recent disastrous “urban wildfires”. (3) The Mediterranean Basin as a fire-prone area is all the more fantasized, as it is almost never studied as a whole.The present paper takes a critical view of city–wildland/wildfire interrelationships through a large-scale study of the Mediterranean Basin based on MODIS MCD12Q1 (Land Cover Type) and MCD45A1 (Burned Area Product) data collected between 2001 and 2013. The Mediterranean is an ideal place to investigate, as its human-dominated and urbanized landscapes are known to be extremely vulnerable to fire hazards. Data processing reveals that (wild)fires and cities maintain indissoluble ties, as if both elements could not be considered mutually exclusive on a geographical basis. Urban sprawl, reduced rural autonomies, changes in forest covers, old agricultural practices, and military conflicts provide the framework for an extended mitigation process challenging the WUI concept as a space divider. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, the applicability of soil-moisture (SM) datasets of GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) in an alpine region (Tibet Plateau, TP) is investigated. The relations and discrepancies between the GLDAS-NOAH SM (0~10 cm) and the observations are compared; the possible reasons for errors over the TP are explored. The results show that GLDAS SM biases mainly show up in errors of values in the nonfrozen period (April to October) and changes of SM along with the temperature, especially during the freezing-thawing process in the frozen period (November to March). The biases of GLDAS SM in the nonfrozen period are mainly caused by the GLDAS precipitation-forcing data. The errors of GLDAS SM in the frozen period are speculated to be induced by the freeze-thaw parameterization scheme in the land-surface model. 相似文献
16.
Francisco J. Goerlich Isidro Cantarino 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2247-2263
This article describes a high-resolution land cover data set for Spain and its application to dasymetric population mapping (at census tract level). Eventually, this vector layer is transformed into a grid format. The work parallels the effort of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, in collaboration with Eurostat and the European Environment Agency (EEA), in building a population density grid for the whole of Europe, combining CORINE Land Cover with population data per commune. We solve many of the problems due to the low resolution of CORINE Land Cover, which are especially visible with Spanish data. An accuracy assessment is carried out from a simple aggregation of georeferenced point population data for the region of Madrid. The bottom-up grid constructed in this way is compared to our top-down grid. We show a great improvement over what has been reported from commune data and CORINE Land Cover, but the improvements seem to come entirely from the higher resolution data sets and not from the statistical modeling in the downscaling exercise. This highlights the importance of providing the research community with more detailed land cover data sets, as well as more detailed population data. The dasymetric grid is available free of charge from the authors upon request. 相似文献
17.
Lucia Maria Seebach Peter Strobl Jesus San Miguel-Ayanz Annemarie Bastrup-Birk 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1865-1884
Detailed and harmonized information on spatial forest distribution is an essential input for forest-related environmental assessments, in particular, for biomass and growing stock modeling. In the last years, several mapping approaches have been developed in order to provide such information for Europe in a harmonized way. Each of these maps exhibits particular properties and varies in accuracy. Yet, they are often used in parallel for different modeling purposes. A detailed spatial comparison seemed necessary in order to provide information on the advantages and limitations of each of these forest cover maps in order to facilitate their selection for modeling purposes. This article confronts the high-resolution forest cover map recently developed by the Joint Research Centre for the year 2000 (FMAP2000) with previously existing maps for the same time period: the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) and the Calibrated European Forest Map 1996 (CEFM1996). The spatial comparison of these three maps was carried out based on forest proportion maps of 1 km derived from the original maps. To characterize differences according to biogeographic regions, two criteria were used: detail of thematic content within each map and local spatial agreement. Concerning thematic content, CLC2000 displayed a surfeit of non-forested areas at the cost of low forest proportions, while FMAP2000 showed a more balanced distribution likely to preserve more detail in forest spatial pattern. Good spatial agreement was found for CLC2000 and FMAP2000 within about 70% of the study area, while only 50% agreement was found when compared with CEFM1996. The largest spatial differences between all maps were found in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. Reasons for these might be different input data and classification techniques and, in particular, the calibration of CEFM1996 to reported national statistics. 相似文献
18.
A generic problem associated with different land cover maps that cover the same geographical area is the use of different legend categories. There may be disagreement in many areas when comparing different land cover products even though the legend shows the same or very similar land cover class. To capture the uncertainty associated with both differences in the legend and the difficulty in classification when comparing two land cover maps, expert knowledge and a fuzzy logic framework are used to map the fuzzy agreement. The methodology is illustrated by comparing the Global Land Cover 2000 data set and the MODIS global land cover product. Overall accuracy measures are calculated, and the spatial fuzzy agreement between the two land cover products is provided. This approach can be used to improve the overall confidence in a land cover product, since areas of severe disagreement can be highlighted, and areas can be identified that require further attention and possible re-mapping. 相似文献
19.
横断山区位于青藏高原东缘和多条重要江河的上游,是全球生物多样性最丰富的地区和生态保护的优先区域之一,区域植被对维系区域生态安全和可持续发展起着十分重要的作用。20世纪90年代以来,中国在横断山区实施了多项重大生态恢复和建设工程,但囿于资料和调查不足,对于横断山区全域性、长时段的植被变化及其与海拔关系研究相对较少。鉴此,本文结合使用1992—2020年间多种基于卫星遥感资料生产的土地覆被数据和2000—2020年间MODIS的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,采用转移矩阵、Theil-Sen Median趋势分析与偏相关分析等方法研究不同植被类型转换、植被覆被面积与平均海拔变化关系以及植被活动的时空变化趋势,并分析时空变化的主要影响因素。结果表明：① 横断山区分布最广泛的植被类型是常绿针叶林与灌丛—草地镶嵌类型。植被发生变化的区域集中分布在河谷和南部低海拔区域,草地多向森林特别是常绿针叶林转换,植被覆被逐渐向好。这表明封山育林、植树造林、退耕还林等生态保护政策起到重要积极作用。时间序列数据显示,植被覆被面积变化剧烈的时期往往处在政策实施的起始阶段。② 植被活动整体呈现增强趋势。在植被类型未变化的区域中,75%以上区域植被活动增强,其中超20%的区域显著增强（P < 0.05）,且森林植被活动增强趋势大于草地。③ 对植被活动影响较大的环境因子主要是气候变化和地形条件。尽管大部分区域植被活动受气候变暖影响而增强,但在干热河谷的植被活动明显受到降水减少的限制。有近1/4面积的植被活动在减弱,主要分布在山地东坡或南坡,或与降水较多、山高坡陡而造成滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害有关。这些发现可为横断山区生态保护政策效益评估、自然灾害综合风险评估和未来气候变化影响下的植被变化预测提供参考。 相似文献
20.
准确评估径流对气候变化的敏感性对水资源管理至关重要。多源气象水文数据集已被广泛应用于径流对气候变化敏感性的分析中,但目前尚无研究从径流敏感性的角度评价不同数据集。基于中国6个不同气候条件流域的实测气象水文资料,本文计算了径流对降水和潜在蒸散发变化的敏感性,并以此为基准评估4类数据集GLDAS、ISIMIP2a、ISIMIP2b、CMIP6 共45套子数据集的径流敏感性模拟效果。结果表明：GLDAS数据集模拟精度较低,CMIP6、ISIMIP2a、ISIMIP2b数据集模拟精度差异较小;3套子数据集ISIMIP2a中的CLM4.0、CMIP6中的UKESM1-0-LL、MIROC6在6个流域均具有较好的径流敏感性模拟效果,可适用于不同气候条件下的径流敏感性模拟与演化趋势分析。本文研究结果可为气候变化影响下中国稀缺资料流域的径流和水资源变化预估提供参考。 相似文献