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1.
我国土壤地球化学及其在农业生产中的意义 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
我国土壤地球化学特征受生物,气候,母质,地形及人为作用等因素影响,形成了我国独特的土壤地球化学类型和分布格局。不同地球类型,均有各自的元素丰度。土凶素与植物生长和人体健康的关系取决于土壤中元素的有效部分。 相似文献
2.
研究土壤地球化学分布模式和驱动机制,是区域生态环境评价、土地资源合理开发的重要支撑。本文利用空间分析和多元统计分析方法,利用土壤地球化学调查数据,探讨雄安新区土壤地球化学分布模式及成因。结果表明：研究区土壤元素普遍富集,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Se和Corg呈明显富集,平均值约为河北平原背景值1.16~1.44倍。大部分土壤地球化学元素分布模式受成土母质、地貌类型、风化淋溶作用等控制,高值区主要分布在冲湖积平原区;淋滤径流、蒸发浓缩、工农业生产、土地利用等是影响土壤地球化学分布的重要因素;重金属和养分元素受人为因素影响明显。因子分析共提取8个主因子,F1因子由造岩元素和微量元素组成,代表自然成壤作用;F2因子由重金属元素组成,与污水灌溉、冶炼制造等活动相关;F3因子由CaO、TC、Ge、Ti、SiO2组成,主要与硅酸盐矿物风化、次生碳酸盐形成等成土过程相关;F4因子由Cl、S、pH组成,主要受淋滤径流、蒸发浓缩作用影响;F5因子由土壤养分元素和植物营养元素组成,主要受农业种植影响;F6因子由B和Sr组成,主要与黏性土壤的物理化学吸附作用有关;F7因子由卤族元素I和Br组成,主要与地表径流过程相关;F8因子由Hg组成,与当地工业生产以及城镇生活排放活动相关。研究结果清晰地反映了研究区土壤元素地球化学分布模式和主控因素,可为区域规划建设、资源环境评价和合理开发保护提供基础资料和重要依据。 相似文献
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4.
天津地区典型土壤剖面饱和烃分布特征 及环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了天津地区不同环境功能区7 条土壤剖面中饱和烃含量、组成及部分地球化学参数 的变化规律, 比较了不同土壤剖面饱和烃在纵向上的变化特征。结果表明, 市区( 南开区) 及近郊 区( 武清区, 北辰区和宁河县交界处) 表层土饱和烃含量最高, 其他剖面含量较低; 随深度增大, 饱 和烃含量均有所降低, 但不同剖面变化幅度不同, 表层含量较高的剖面随深度增大, 饱和烃含量 降低幅度较大, 反之则较小。根据部分典型地球化学参数的纵向变化特征, 推测表层土壤饱和烃 主要为石油源和植物源的混合源, 且市区和郊区主要受石油源控制。不同土壤剖面表层土污染源 存在差别。同一剖面表层土壤( <30cm) 不同层次的样品的饱和烃污染源较为接近; 剖面深部( > 30cm) 不同层次样品中正构烷烃不同于表层, 且成因复杂, 既受来源于土壤中有机质降解产物的 影响, 又受表层土中饱和烃纵向迁移作用的影响。对于甾、萜类化合物, 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较 高的剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物迁移作用的影响; 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较低的 剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物影响较小。 相似文献
5.
河南土壤中某些微量元素的含量与分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对河南省108个县1160多个土壤样品进行了一万多样次分析,查明了河南省存在着大面积的缺钼、缺硼和缺锌土壤;揭示了微量元素Mo、B、Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn在各种类型土壤中的全量和有效态含量及其分布规律等。 相似文献
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Devleena Mani T. Satish Kumar M. A. Rasheed D. J. Patil A. M. Dayal T. Gnaneshwar Rao V. Balaram 《Natural Resources Research》2011,20(1):75-88
The association of iodine with organic matter in sedimentary basins is well documented. High iodine concentration in soils
overlying oil and gas fields and areas with hydrocarbon microseepage has been observed and used as a geochemical exploratory
tool for hydrocarbons in a few studies. In this study, we measure iodine concentration in soil samples collected from parts
of Deccan Syneclise in the west central India to investigate its potential application as a geochemical indicator for hydrocarbons.
The Deccan Syneclise consists of rifted depositional sites with Gondwana–Mesozoic sediments up to 3.5 km concealed under the
Deccan Traps and is considered prospective for hydrocarbons. The concentration of iodine in soil samples is determined using
ICP-MS and the values range between 1.1 and 19.3 ppm. High iodine values are characteristic of the northern part of the sampled
region. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the soil samples range between 0.1 and 1.3%. The TOC correlates poorly with
the soil iodine (r
2 < 1), indicating a lack of association of iodine with the surficial organic matter and the possibility of interaction between
the seeping hydrocarbons and soil iodine. Further, the distribution pattern of iodine compares well with two surface geochemical
indicators: the adsorbed light gaseous hydrocarbons (methane through butane) and the propane-oxidizing bacterial populations
in the soil. The integration of geochemical observations show the occurrence of elevated values in the northern part of the
study area, which is also coincident with the presence of exposed dyke swarms that probably serve as conduits for hydrocarbon
microseepage. The corroboration of iodine with existing geological, geophysical, and geochemical data suggests its efficacy
as one of the potential tool in surface geochemical exploration of hydrocarbons. Our study supports Deccan Syneclise to be
promising in terms of its hydrocarbon prospects. 相似文献
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J. H. Gauld 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1981,1(3):199-212
A brief account of the environmental conditions within Culbin forest is provided as a background to tracing the evolution of the area since late Glacial time. Where possible, the events are placed in historical order and the development and morphological characteristics of the soils are discussed.With the exception of the humus podsols, which are developed on an old dune system, the soils lack profile development. However, since the establishment of a tree canopy, soil horizon development has been initiated and a weakly developed iron podsol has been extensively mapped. Otherwise, the soils are classified as regosols. with some low-lying soils assigned to a gleyic subgroup. The widespread occurrence of buried peat and alluvial horizons was noted during fieldwork, and mapping units that incorporate these important horizons have been separated.Investigation into the potential of each of the mapping units for forestry reveals that where buried horizons are present significant increases in yield class can be anticipated: elsewhere nitrogen and general nutrient deficiency have seriously affected tree growth, which is only mediocre in performance. However, recent work has shown that a dramatic increase in yield class can be brought about with the application of fertilizer. 相似文献
8.
Ilse Gräber Jørgen F. Hansen Svend E. Olesen Jens Petersen Hans S. Østergaard Lars Krogh 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):15-22
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 105(2):15–22, 2005 The change of Cu and Zn concentrations in Danish agricultural soils was studied in areas with intensive pig production. Cu and Zn are found in pig manure as the metals are added to pig feed as growth promoters. The changes in concentrations of total and 0.02 MEDTA extractable Cu and Zn in soils from 1986 to 1998 were determined from samples taken at two depths (0–25 cm and 25–50 cm) from 73 sites. Pig manure and mineral fertilizer was added to 60 sites whereas fertilizer only was used on 13 sites. During the survey period soil Cu concentrations increased in both depths but mostly in the sites where pig manure was added. Furthermore, the results indicated that some plant-available Cu and Zn were transported from the topsoil to the subsoil. No significant change in soil Zn concentration was found although a slight reduction was observed. Comparing soil metal concentrations observed in 1998 to the total pig manure application in a 12-year period, it was observed that application of manure caused an accumulation of Cu and of Zn in the upper 50 cm soil. The accumulation rates correspond to the Cu and Zn concentrations in the pig manure. 相似文献
9.
Presented is a detailed characterization of the present state and pollution of soil cover in the influence area of the Dzhidinskii tungsten-molybdenum plant which takes into consideration the spatial geological inhomogeneity and the functional purpose of urban territories. As part of the investigation, we determined the content levels of heavy metals and metalloids in background soils, and the elements which are the main pollutants of urban soils in the zones of different functional purposes, ascertained the degree of technogenic geochemical transformation of soil cover in the city of Zakamensk, and identified the leading soiland landscape-geochemical factors for accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in the urban topsoil (0?10 cm) horizons. An assessment was also made of the ecological hazard of soil pollution by a set of heavy metals and metalloids in the main functional zones of the city. A soil-geochemical survey was carried out, and the ICP-MS method was used to determine the total content levels of 14 heavy metals and metalloids of hazard classes I?III as well as Be, Sn, Cs and Bi. The elements were determined, which are the main pollutants of the soils in Zakamensk: W, Bi, Cd, Pb and Mo. The study revealed a need to take into account the metallogenic specific character and geological inhomogeneity of the area by using the local coefficients of concentration (EF l ) and dispersal (DF l ) which must be calculated not with respect to the average regional background but from the individual (for each parent material) background value in order to more accurately determine the degree of technogenic geochemical transformation of soils, and the ecological hazard of pollution. It is suggested that the ecological hazard should be assessed on the basis of the Integrated Pollution Index (IPI) which is calculated with respect to the world’s average concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in soils and takes into account hazard classes of elements. 相似文献
10.
土壤铁锰结核中生命有关元素的化学地理特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
研究了我国亚热带、暖温带几种土壤铁锰结核中锰矿物的类型,探讨了它们形成的地球化学过程与特征。结果表明:不同土壤铁锰结核锰矿物的类型及其含量不尽相同,但锂硬锰矿普遍存在且结晶程度较高;与土壤相比,土壤铁锰结核的化学组成仍以Si、Al、Fe为主,但Fe含量超过了Al,Mn含量远大于Mg、Ca;结核中一些重金属富集顺序为Pb>Co>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr;揭示了土壤铁锰结核形成过程中存在着成核富集作用、成矿作用、专性吸附作用和轻度积钙作用。 相似文献
11.
JAMES BOCKHEIM 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(3):153-165
Soil‐forming processes and soil development rates are compared and contrasted on glacial deposits in two adjacent and coeval valleys of the Quartermain Mountains, which are important because they display Miocene glacial Stratigraphy and some of the oldest landforms in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. More than 100 soil profiles were examined on seven drift sheets ranging from 115 000 to greater than 11.3 million years in age in Beacon Valley and Arena Valley. Although the two valleys contain drifts of similar age, they differ markedly in ice content of the substrate. Whereas Arena Valley generally has ‘dry‐frozen’ permafrost in the upper 1 m and minimal patterned ground, Beacon Valley contains massive ice buried by glacial drift and ice cored rock glaciers and has ice‐cemented perma‐frost in the upper 1 m and considerable associated patterned ground. Arena Valley soils have twice the rate of profile salt accumulation than Beacon Valley soils, because of lower available soil water and minimal cryoturbation. The following soil properties increase with age in both valleys: weathering stage, morphogenetic salt stage, thickness of the salt pan, the quantity of profile salts, electrical conductivity of the horizon of maximum salt enrichment, and depth of staining. Whereas soils less than 200 000 years and older soils derived from sandstone‐rich ground moraine are Typic Anhyorthels and Anhyturbels, soils of early Quaternary and older age, particularly on dolerite‐rich drifts, are Petronitric Anhyorthels. Arena Valley has the highest pedodiversity recorded in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The soils of the Quartermain Mountains are the only soils in the McMurdo Dry Valleys known to contain abundant nitrates. 相似文献
12.
表生作用下稀土元素地球化学特征——以海南岛北部玄武岩分布区为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对海南岛北部玄武岩区岩石-土壤-植物-地下水系统中稀土元素迁移和分布模式的研究表明，随土壤的发育，REE出现分异，LREE逐渐富集；Ce由玄武岩中的负异常向土壤中正异常演化。地下水中REE的含量和分布模式主要受岩石风化和成土作用影响。植物虽对REE具有选择吸收作用，但REE的生物地球化学循环不活跃。 相似文献
13.
南京太平门地段雪松树年轮及其根土中化学元素含量的相关性研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
１９９４年在南京市太平门街道采集了五株雪松的年轮样及其根部土壤（黄棕壤ｐＨ＝６．６８）,分别测定了Ｌｉ、Ａｌ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｂａ和Ｐｂ等１１种化学元素含量,实测结果验证了雪松年轮与其根部当年土壤中化学元素含量满足对数线性相关模式;ｌｇＣ′（Ｚ,ｔ）＝ａ（Ｚ）＋ｂ（Ｚ）ｌｇＣ（Ｚ,ｔ）。根据年轮元素含量Ｃ（Ｚ,ｔ）可以重建过去根土中元素含量Ｃ′（Ｚ,ｔ）,即反映环境（土壤）中元素含量的逐年演变的年份序列。利用Ｃ（Ｚ,ｔ）中最低含量可估算该地段黄棕壤的土壤元素背景值。 相似文献
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沙坡头地区农田灌溉和施肥对氮淋溶量影响的研究 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
对沙坡头农田不同土壤类型养分和水分供给下0~2 m土壤层淋溶液的分析结果表明:不同类型土壤氮淋溶量差异显著(P < 0.05);同一类型土壤随水肥供给强度的增加,氮淋溶有增加的趋势,特别是灌水次数、土壤水分含量处理和总灌溉量与氮淋溶量间有强正相关关系(P < 0.05);低灌溉水平,氮淋溶量与施肥间无显著相关关系,而高灌溉水平下施肥和灌溉均是主导因子;灌淤土保持田间持水量 40%及以下土壤水分所有施肥水平,氮淋溶量间差异不显著(P > 0.05);风沙土低水低肥(保持田间持水量20%土壤水分)处理与灌淤土保持田间持水量 40%及以下土壤水分处理所有施肥水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),而风沙土高水高肥处理与灌淤土所有水肥处理间差异均显著(P < 0.05),低水低肥将是风沙土最低的氮淋溶界限,在传统农业条件下对该类土壤进行改良是必要的。 相似文献
15.
Preliminary reconstruction of sediment-source linkages for the past 6000 yr at the Petit Lac d'Annecy, France, based on mineral magnetic data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Dearing Yuquan Hu Pippa Doody Peter A. James Achim Brauer 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,25(2):245-258
An 8 m core from the central plain of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, France, two floodplain cores, river bedload sediments and several hundred soil samples from the catchment have been studied using magnetic techniques. The soils, mainly developed on limestones and local glacial tills, show widespread magnetic enhancement with higher ferrimagnetic concentrations and contents of SP grains than found in the lake sediments. Some soils show significant concentrations of canted antiferromagnetic minerals (mainly haematite). Using magnetic quotient parameters the surface soils are classified into four mineralogical types. The lake and floodplain sediment properties over the past 6000 yrs can largely be explained by the erosion and deposition of these sources, with a smaller superimposed biogenic (magnetosomes) signal. Derived sediment-source linkages allow the construction of several hypotheses about geomorphological changes in the catchment system: (i) the long-term erosion of high altitude unweathered substrates has gradually increased towards the present day; (ii) the erosion of high altitude soils has increased within the last 1000 yrs, possibly during the period of the 'Little Ice Age'; (iii) shifts towards an increased erosion of surface lowland soil occurred ~2000 and 1000 yrs ago and may be linked to an accelerated accretion of floodplain overbank deposits; (iv) there has been a significant storage of surface soil within floodplains, which leads to an underestimation of the importance of soil erosion in the lake sediment records; (v) the sediment transported by high magnitude, low frequency flood events has shifted in source from high altitude soils before ~1000 cal. yr BP to lowland and mid-altitude free draining soils after ~1000 cal. yr BP. 相似文献
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A numerical index of soil development, the POD Index, was developed and applied to 723 pedons of United States soils that either exhibit, or are developing, Podzol (Spodosol) morphology. The index is determined solely from morphologic (field) criteria, and provides the first soil development index for Podzol and Podzol-like soils that does not use chemical data. The index assumes that pedogenesis and profile development in these soils produces the following morphologic changes; (1) the E (eluvial) horizon becomes “whiter,” (2) the B (illuvial) horizon becomes “redder” and “darker,” and (3) the number of B subhorizons increases. Results indicated that the index was useful for differentiating between non-Podzols and Podzols, and between Entic and Typic subgroups of Spodosols. A comparison of POD Indices for Spodosols of differing drainage revealed that maximum development occurred in wet soils (somewhat poorly drained), with minimal development on the driest sites. This finding is consistent with current theory on the effects of drainage/water table relations on Podzol development. Additionally, the index has usefulness in chrono-sequences of Podzol soil development [Key words: soils, Podzol, Spodosol.] 相似文献
18.
秦岭-黄淮平原交界带土壤物质迁移与积累 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以横断秦岭－黄淮平原交界带中部的土壤断面为研究对象,应用土壤地球化学观点,讨论了交界带土壤物质迁移和积累规律。自西向东,随着海拔下降,土壤表层硅铝率逐渐增大,大部分土壤表层物质遵循迁移－积累－迁移－积累规律;“暖坡”地带是交界土壤地球化学活跃地段。并讨论了土壤物质迁移与土壤性质的关系． 相似文献
19.
This paper reviews the processes of tree uprooting, examines the classification of pit and mound microtopography and assesses the effects of tree uprooting on soil mixing and genesis. The processes by which soil-horizon clasts are mixed as they slump off the root plate, and the ultimate patterns of soil horizonation within mounds, are primary foci of the paper. Longevity of treethrow mounds can exceed 2000 years, making these landforms more lasting features than is often assumed. Because of their great longevity, the pits and mounds formed by uprooting have lasting effects on soil morphology. Soils of these microsites often classify in different soil orders or suborders than do adjacent, less disturbed soils. The importance of tree uprooting to mass movement processes is examined. In some areas uprooting may be the primary mass wasting mechanism. Nonetheless, estimates of the amount of sediment moved and the net distance of transport vary greatly and may in some cases be overestimated. [Key words: pedoturbation, microtopography, pit/mound topography, mass wasting, geomorphology.] 相似文献
20.
Ir. Lahuddin M S Zulkifli Nasution 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):161-167
1 INTRODUCTIONQuality of chemical properties of flooded soils isgenerally determined by salinity and alkalinity,bothof these acts as inhibiting factors of plant growth.Thecorrelation of electrical conductivity and other analysisindex has been reported by … 相似文献