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1.
末次冰消期是全球气候与环境出现较大变化的时段,其间发生了一系列气候突变事件,在全球不同地区以不同方式回应着这些事件的变化过程。综述了末次冰消期以来青藏高原高寒干旱区、西北干旱区、云贵高原湿润区以及东部平原地区的湖泊沉积记录的古气候演化特征,探讨了气候变化的驱动机制,并提出未来该研究领域亟待深入开展的工作,包括拓展高分辨率湖泊沉积记录的气候演化时间序列研究,提升学科交叉和与其他地质记录的对比研究,加强中国第四纪湖泊数据库和全球气候变化研究,以及加强水汽来源示踪研究。 相似文献
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白令海北部陆坡B2 9柱状样中放射虫Cycladophoradavisiana含量曲线和深海SPECMAP氧同位素记录的对比 ,为该柱状样建立了晚第四纪约 1 0万年以来的地层年代框架。该柱状样中微体化石、碳屑颗粒、筏冰碎屑 (石英和岩屑颗粒 )的定量分析结果表明 ,作为表层生产力指标的粗组份自氧同位素 5 .3期以来呈阶梯状增加 ,反映表层生产力阶段式的增长 ;碳屑颗粒丰度自氧同位素 5 .3期至末次冰消期的增加说明白令海末次冰消期以前气候较全新世干冷 ,天然火灾发生的概率较全新世大大增加 ;冰期和早、中全新世较高的筏冰碎屑反映了冰期和早、中全新世白令海陆架海冰的扩大以及气候转暖所导致的海冰消融的过程 ,揭示了白令海对过去全球气候变化的响应。 相似文献
3.
风成沉积物粒度特征及其反映的青海湖周边近32 ka以来土地沙漠化演变过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖东地区是青海湖周边土地沙漠化面积最大、程度最为严重的区域。选取青海湖湖东种羊场附近高度约为10 m的风蚀残丘（大水溏剖面）为研究对象,结合高密度采样和光释光测年,在对风成沉积物的粒度组成、粒度参数及粒度敏感指标进行分析的基础上,重建了32 ka以来青海湖周边的土地沙漠化演变过程。结果表明,32 ka BP以来青海湖周边土地沙漠化经历了末次冰期间冰阶（32～23.4 ka BP）的固结成壤期、末次冰期冰盛期（23.4～15 ka BP）的快速扩张期、末次冰期冰消期（15～10.4 ka BP）的缓慢减小期和全新世（10.4 ka BP至今）的快速缩小期4个阶段。 相似文献
4.
选用甘青地区达连海、青海湖、苏家湾、大地湾4个典型高分辨率的钻孔资料进行对比分析,阐明了该地区末次冰消期以来气候变化规律与主要气候事件,初步探讨了该地区植被纬向时空演化规律。结果显示末次冰消期大致开始于15.2~14.6 ka BP之间,冰消期期间该地区气候表现为冷暖波动频繁,气候不稳定,植被类型由东向西为草原-荒漠化草原。全新世早期阶段10.4~8.2 ka BP气候表现为温干,植被类型由东向西为疏林草原-草原。全新世中期8.2~4.3 ka BP气候温暖湿润,植被发育良好,由东向西出现森林-森林草原植被。4.3 ka BP以后该地区气候总体向凉干方向发展,3.9~3.4 ka BP期间陇中地区气候波动较显著,植被类型草原-森林草原交替出现。晚全新世后期2.3~0 ka BP气候冷干,从东到西发育草原-荒漠化草原植被。 相似文献
5.
古湖岸堤是湖泊湖面变化的地貌学证据,通过古湖岸堤沉积年代学研究可重建地质时期湖泊演化历史。青藏高原内陆湖泊众多,保存了大量的第四纪时期古湖岸堤,是研究过去湖泊演化和气候变化信息的重要载体。对青藏高原班戈错盐湖北岸和东岸的低位连续古湖岸堤开展了地貌调查和光释光年代学研究。结果表明班戈错自末次冰消期(13. 5±1. 2 ka BP)以来,湖面整体呈波动下降过程,期间出现了4期湖面稳定阶段,分别在末次冰消期(13. 5±1. 2～11. 2±1. 0 ka BP)、全新世早中期(10. 1±0. 8～6. 5±0. 5 ka BP)、全新世后期(4. 2±0. 4～3. 1±0. 2 ka BP)以及全新世晚期(1. 7±0. 1～1. 2±0. 1 ka BP)。全新世晚期约1. 7 ka BP以后湖面迅速退缩,湖泊蒸发浓缩进入盐湖阶段。在末次冰消期班戈错高湖面形成主要与北半球太阳辐射强度增加引起气温升高,导致区域冰雪融水量增加相关,而在全新世湖面变化主要受印度季风强度变化控制。 相似文献
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7.
<正>南北极是地球系统中的重要组成部分,是全球气候变化最显著、响应最敏感的区域,也是研究地球气候系统的关键区域,对过去全球气候变化起着极其重要的作用和影响。自从1999年中国首次北极科学考察以来,国家海洋局极地考察办公室组织并实施了五次北极科学考察;尤其值得一提的是,2012年中国第五次北极科学考察期间,"雪龙"号首次穿越北冰洋,到达北大西洋极区的格陵兰海和挪威海,并访问了冰岛。在中国首次至第五次北极科学考察期间,"雪龙"号分别在亚北极的白令海和鄂霍茨克海、北冰洋、格陵兰海、挪威海以及冰岛周边海域进行了海洋地质调查,共获得了199个站位的箱式样,61个站位的多管 相似文献
8.
近20多年来,黄河流域末次冰消期以来古洪水事件研究取得了丰硕成果。论文系统回顾了黄河流域有关古洪水事件识别、年代序列建立、气候成因揭示、古洪水洪峰水位和洪峰流量恢复以及古洪水事件社会影响探讨等方面的内容;提出了当前在古洪水悬移质泥沙沉积物精确断代、古洪水成因及古洪水水文重建等方面面临的主要问题和未来的发展建议;并在现有研究的基础上从加强有条件河段不同规模古洪水的重现期、不同河段古洪水沉积记录的对比研究及建立古洪水水文学数据库等方面对未来黄河流域古洪水研究进行了展望,以期为全球变化背景下黄河流域洪水的预测、防治及风险评估和黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
全球气候变化导致的南大洋海冰变化已引起广泛关注,基于近35年来该区域海冰覆盖范围的时空变化规律,运用Pearson相关和聚类分析等方法,探讨多元厄尔尼诺指数（MEI）、海洋尼诺指数（ONI）以及臭氧空洞面积气候变化因素与海冰覆盖范围的关系。南大洋海冰呈1.1%（±0.6%）小幅度增长,近5年印度洋海域海冰增长最快。1—6月别林斯高晋/阿蒙森海域、6—9月和11月威德尔海域海冰的多年变化趋势均为负增长。在南大洋5大片区中海冰与气候变化因子的关系不同,其中ONI影响别林斯高晋/阿蒙森、威德尔、印度洋、罗斯海海域;MEI主要影响印度洋和罗斯海海域;臭氧空洞主要影响罗斯海和威德尔海域。海冰变化对气候变化的响应存在不同程度的滞后性。 相似文献
10.
2014年初雪龙船为救援俄罗斯"绍卡利斯基院士"号船,在南极联邦湾被海冰围困,及时掌握雪龙船周边的冰情变化,以及给出准确的天气形势判断和预报,是此次雪龙船顺利脱困的关键。通过对雪龙船被困期间的海冰、气象和海洋环境状况综合分析发现,造成雪龙船被困的主要因素,一是由于雪龙船被困区域靠近大陆架,冰山较多,多年冰和当年冰夹杂在一起,海冰类型较为复杂;二是由于受连续多个气旋影响,在雪龙船受困海域,偏东大风持续时间长,风力大,导致海冰自东向西堆积,致使雪龙船被困。 相似文献
11.
Historical winter sea ice concentration data are used to examine the relation between the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and the sea ice concentration in the Nordic seas over the past 50 years. The well known basic response pattern of a seesaw between the Labrador Sea and the Greenland, Iceland and Barents seas is being reproduced. However, the response is not robust in the Greenland and Iceland seas. There the observed variability has a more complex relationship with surface temperatures and winds. We divide the sea ice response into three spectral bands: high (P< year), band (515 year) filtered NAM indices. This division is motivated by the expected slow response of the ocean circulation which might play a significant role in the Greenland and Iceland seas. The response to the NAM is also examined separately for the periods before and after 1976 to identify variations due to the relocation of the northern centre of the North Atlantic Oscillation. 相似文献
12.
通过反演方法,利用已有的影响亚洲季风变化的相应资料,通过动力模型建立了近千年亚洲季风变化的驱动力方程,根据各指标的具体数值反演出方程中各项系数和对应的贡献率。分析方程中各气候代用指标对亚洲季风变化的影响程度,发现近千年亚洲季风并非只受到这些气候要素的线性作用,而是受到较为复杂的非线性驱动力作用,其中大气中CO2含量、印度洋海表温度、前一期季风强度、南方涛动指数、CH4气体含量、格陵兰温度、北大西洋海表温度、北半球温度等在驱动近千年亚洲季风变化中起到较为重要的作用,而在长时间尺度上对季风变化有重要影响的太阳活动,近千年中其直接影响并不十分显著,这也可能是指标精度的原因。 相似文献
13.
Sediment cores from the Norwegian Sea were studied to evaluate interglacial climate conditions of the marine isotope stage 5e (MIS 5e). Using planktic forminiferal assemblages as the core method, a detailed picture of the evolution of surface water conditions was derived. According to our age model, a step-like deglaciation of the Saalian ice sheets is noted between ca. 135 and 124.5 Kya, but the deglaciation shows little response with regard to surface ocean warming. From then on, the rapidly increasing abundance of subpolar forminifers, concomitant with decreasing iceberg indicators, provides evidence for the development of interglacial conditions sensu stricto (5e- ss ), a period that lasted for about 9 Ky. As interpreted from the foraminiferal records, and supported by the other proxies, this interval of 5e- ss was in two parts: showing an early warm phase, but with a fresher, i.e., lower salinity, water mass, and a subsequent cooling phase that lasted until ca. 118.5 Kya. After this time, the climatic optimum with the most intense advection of Atlantic surface water masses occurred until ca. 116 Kya. A rapid transition with two notable climatic perturbations is observed subsequently during the glacial inception. Overall, the peak warmth of the last interglacial period occurred relatively late after deglaciation, and at no time did it reach the high warmth level of the early Holocene. This finding must be considered when using the last interglacial situation as an analogue model for enhanced meridional transfer of ocean heat to the Arctic, with the prospect of a future warmer climate. 相似文献
14.
Krista M. Mckinzey John F. Orwin Tom Bradwell 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2004,86(4):319-335
Little Ice Age (LIA) moraines along the margins of Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull, two neighbouring outlet glaciers flowing from the Vatnajökull ice‐cap, have been re‐dated to test the reliability of different lichenometric approaches. During 2003, 12 000 lichens were measured on 40 moraine fragments at Skálafellsjökull and Heinabergsjökull to provide surface age proxies. The results are revealing. Depending on the chosen method of analysis, Skálafellsjökull either reached its LIA maximum in the early 19th century (population gradient) or the late 19th century (average of five largest lichens), whereas the LIA maximum of Heinabergsjökull occurred by the mid‐19th century (population gradient) or late‐19th century (average of 5 largest lichens). Discrepancies (c. 80 years for Skálafellsjökull and c. 40 years for Heinabergsjökull) suggest that the previously cited AD 1887 LIA maxima for both glaciers should be reassessed. Dates predicted by the lichen population gradient method appear to be the most appropriate, as mounting evidence from other geochronological reconstructions and sea‐ice records throughout Iceland tends to support an earlier LIA glacier maximum (late 18th to mid‐19th century) and probably reflects changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. These revised chronologies shed further light on the precise timing of the Icelandic LIA glacier maximum, whilst improving our understanding of glacier‐climate interactions in the North Atlantic. 相似文献
15.
A compilation of paleoclimate records from lake sediments, trees, ice cores, and historical documents provide a view of China and Arctic environmental changes in the last 600 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic and Greenland and ice cores from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, confirming the linkage of environmental changes of different time scales between the Arctic and China. It is shown that the changes of precipitation, temperature and sea ice cover in Arctic were correlated with climate changes in China. This paper also developed a comparative research on the climate changes between Arctic and China both during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the instrumental observation period. Cycles and trend of temperature variations during LIA and temperature and precipitation during the instrumental observation period are performed. We found some similarities and differences of environmental changes between Arctic and China. 相似文献
16.
近600年来北极与中国气候变化的对比 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
许娟 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(3):289-295
A compilation of paleoclimate records from lake sediments, trees, ice cores, and historical documents provide a view of China and Arctic environmental changes in the last 600 years. Many of these changes have also been identified in sedimentary and geochemical signatures in deep-sea sediment cores from the North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic and Greenland and ice cores from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, confirming the linkage of environmental changes of different time scales between the Arctic and China. It is shown that the changes of precipitation, temperature and sea ice cover in Arctic were correlated with climate changes in China. This paper also developed a comparative research on the climate changes between Arctic and China both during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the instrumental observation period. Cycles and trend of temperature variations during LIA and temperature and precipitation during the instrumental observation period are performed. We found some similarities and differences of environmental changes between Arctic and China. 相似文献
17.
Modeling seasonal variations of ocean and sea ice circulation in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas:A model-data fusion study 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 3.8-km Coupled Ice-Ocean Model(CIOM) was implemented to successfully reproduce many observed phenomena in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas,including the Bering-inflow-originated coastal current that splits into three branches: Alaska Coastal Water(ACW),Central Channel,and Herald Valley branches.Other modeled phenomena include the Beaufort Slope Current(BSC),the Beaufort Gyre, the East Siberian Current(ESC),mesoscale eddies,seasonal landfast ice,sea ice ridging,shear,and deformation.Many of these downscaling processes can only be captured by using a high-resolution CIOM,nested in a global climate model.The seasonal cycles for sea ice concentration,thickness,velocity,and other variables are well reproduced with solid validation by satellite measurements.The seasonal cycles for upper ocean dynamics and thermodynamics are also well reproduced,which include the formation of the cold saline layer due to the injection of salt during sea ice formation,the BSC,and the subsurface upwelling in winter that brings up warm,even more saline Atlantic Water along the shelfbreak and shelf along the Beaufort coast. 相似文献
18.
中国中世纪暖期气候研究综述 总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8
中世纪暖期是2000年来全球最重要的气候事件之一,关于中世纪暖期的研究,主要是通过各种代用资料重建气候序列。从目前的研究来看,能敏感响应环境变化的高分辨率的信息载体主要有冰芯、树轮、历史文献、湖泊沉积及石笋等。随着代用资料的开发,对于中世纪暖期的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,但在中世纪暖期是否具有全球性,不同区域的起讫时间、增温幅度、内部波动以及成因机制等问题上还存在一定争议。主要原因是受重建资料敏感性与地域性限制,加上不同代用指标对气候变化敏感性的差异以及不同代用资料的方法、气候与环境意义等存在差异,定年存在误差。在中国,从对重建资料的整理分析来看,对于"中国是否存在中世纪暖期"这个问题,各研究者们没有达成一致的看法;对于中国中世纪暖期冷暖变化的研究,由于区域差异,东部重建资料以历史文献为主,而西部关于历史气候环境的相关记载很少,所以重建资料以冰芯、湖芯、树轮等为主。大多数的研究结果认为,西部的冷暖变化与东部有着明显的差异,其中最主要的是东部在900~1300 A. D.存在明显的温暖期,而西部则暖期不如东部明显。今后为了更加全面深入的了解中世纪暖期气候特征,应加强各种代用指标高分辨率序列的积累和定量化研究、各种代用指标和重建序列的综合集成研究及其与古气候模拟结果的比较研究,以期从动力学角度加深理解中世纪暖期的区域响应差异。 相似文献