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1.
CHAI Yuanfang YANG Yunping DENG Jinyun SUN Zhaohua LI Yitian ZHU Lingling 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(10):1633-1648
The operation of large-scale reservoirs have modified water and sediment transport processes, resulting in adjustments to the river topography and water levels. The polynomial fitting method was applied to analyze the variation characteristics of water levels under different water discharge values in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River from 1991–2016. The segregation variable method was used to estimate the contributions of the varied riverbed evaluation, the downstream-controlled water level, and the comprehensive roughness on the altered water level at an identical flow. We find that low water levels in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River from 1991–2016 are characterized by a significant downward trend, which has intensified since 2009. Riverbed scouring has been the dominate factor causing the reduced low water level while increased roughness alleviated this reduction. From 1991–2016, there was first a decrease followed by an increase in the high water level. The variation characteristic in terms of the "high flood discharge at a high water level" before 2003 transformed into a "middle flood discharge at a high water level" since 2009. The increased comprehensive roughness was the main reason for the increased high water level, where river scouring alleviated this rise. For navigation conditions and flood control, intensified riverbed scouring of the sandy reaches downstream from dams enhanced the effects that the downstream water level has on the upstream water level. This has led to an insufficient water depth in the reaches below the dams, which should receive immediate attention. The alteredvariation characteristics of the high water level have also increased the flood pressure in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. 相似文献
2.
CAOXinxiang DINGShengyan 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):106-114
Landscape spatial pattern mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. In landscape ecology study, landscape pattern has been one of the key study areas. Water body landscape plays an important role in the development history of a city, but at present city water body landscape in many cities has been destroyed, hence protecting water body in the city is becoming more and more important. In order to protect city water body landscape reasonably, the precondition is to probe the dynamics of water body landscape. Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indexes including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index etc. were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty (in the 20th century). The results showed: (1) Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city increased first and then decreased from 1898 to 2002AD; the landscape dominant degree had the same changing tendency with the area. (2) Patch number of water body landscape in Kaifeng city had an increase from 1898 to 2002, but maximum area of patch, minimum area of patch and average area of patch decreased, which resulted in an increase in landscape fragment degree. (3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from 1898 to 2002. The reasons for these changes were the repeated overflows and flooding of the Yellow River and the influence of human activities. 相似文献
3.
YANGOing CUICaixia 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):20-28
To reveal the changing trend and annual distribution of the surface water hydrology and the local climate in the Bayanbuluk alpine-cold wetlands in the past 50 years, we used temperature, precipitation, different rank precipitation days, evaporation, water vapor pressure, relative humidity, dust storm days and snow depth to analyze their temporal variations. We conclude that there were no distinct changes in annual mean temperature, and no obvious changes in the maximum or minimum temperatures. Precipitation in warm season was the main water source in the wetlands of the study area and accounted for 92.0% of the annual total. Precipitation dropped to the lowest in the mid-1980s in the past 50 years and then increased gradually. The runoff of the Kaidu River has increased since 1987 which has a good linear response to the annual precipitation and mean temperature in Bayanbuluk alpine-cold wetland. Climate change also affected ecosystems in this area due to its direct relations to the surface water environment. 相似文献
4.
The probaility of crane living in reedy wetlands can reach 100%, at the same time,the area of reed ,the water level and adjacent water area are main factors which control the crane‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s habitat selection.We all know that all these factors are spatially heterogeneous.For the Xianghai wetland safety and to protect the Xianghai wetland habitat of crane,this paper has mainly identified a solution to these problems.The wetland in formation is extracted from the TM images,which reflect the whole wetland landscape and are very important for both quantitative analysis of remote sensing observation of the earth system and positioning analysis in GIS database that is automatically extracted from DEM.The DEM for Xianghai characteristics of topography is created.On the basis of the GRID SUBMODULE,applying the GIS spatial overlay analysis,the relationship between the water level and the reed area below the water level and the rating distribution maps of reed area above water level is established ,When the water level reaches the altitude of 165 n ,the reed area,981.2 ha is maximum,i.e., the water level of 165 m is the optimal. 相似文献
5.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(6)
The North China Plain is one of the most water-stressed areas in China. Irrigation of winter wheat mainly utilizes groundwater resources, which has resulted in severe environmental problems. Accurate estimation of crop water consumption and net irrigation water consumption is crucial to guarantee the management of agricultural water resources. An actual crop evapotranspiration(ET) estimation model was proposed, by combining FAO Penman-Monteith method with remote sensing data. The planting area of winter wheat has a significant impact on water consumption; therefore, the planting area was also retrieved. The estimated ET showed good agreement with field-observed ET at four stations. The average relative bias and root mean square error(RMSE) for ET estimation were –2.2% and 25.5 mm, respectively. The results showed the planting area and water consumption of winter wheat had a decreasing trend in the Northern Hebei Plain(N-HBP) and Southern Hebei Plain(S-HBP). Moreover, in these two regions, there was a significant negative correlation between accumulated net irrigation water consumption and groundwater table. The total net irrigation water consumption in the N-HBP and S-HBP accounted for 12.9×10~9 m~3 and 31.9×10~9 m~3 during 2001–2016, respectively. Before and after 2001, the decline rate of groundwater table had a decreasing trend, as did the planting area of winter wheat in the N-HBP and S-HBP. The decrease of winter wheat planting area alleviated the decline of groundwater table in these two regions while the total net irrigation water consumption was both up to 28.5×10~9 m~3 during 2001–2016 in the Northwestern Shandong Plain(NW-SDP) and Northern Henan Plain(N-HNP). In these two regions, there was no significant correlation between accumulated net irrigation water consumption and groundwater table. The Yellow River was able to supply irrigation and the groundwater table had no significant declining trend. 相似文献
6.
1987-2007年土耳其伊斯坦布尔黑海沿岸土地利用变化(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sümeyra KURT 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(2):271-279
Recently,important land use changes have occurred in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul due to urban growth and population increases.The objective of this study was to determine changes in land use in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul between 1987 and 2007.Landsat 30 m satellite images from 1987 and 2007 are used in the study.The study area is 1000 m in width from the coastline to the land and the study has been carried out using the controlled classification method to classify areas into residential,agricultural,forest,bare land,brush/grassland,and lake/pond land classes.Land use changes between 1987 and 2007 were analysed in detail.Residential areas of the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul increased by 122% over the two decades.Also an increase of 55% in agriculture areas was observed,while there were decreases of 26% in forest areas and 15% in free land.A 21% increase in the area of brush and grassland took place.Furthermore 79% of the study area was covered by residential areas in 2007.It is probable that pressure on the stanbul coastal regions will continue due to migraton and rapid urbanization.Therefore,Istanbul’s Black Sea coastal regions should be maintained using a sustainable coastal management plan. 相似文献
7.
YongChao Lan HongLang Xiao XingLin Hu HongWei Ding SongBing Zou ChengFang L Jie Song 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(6):0522-0535
All rivers in the Hexi inland region of Gansu Province, China, originate from the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. They are
located in the southern portion of the region and respectively belong to the three large river systems from east to west, the Shiyang,
Heihe and Shule river basins. These rivers are supplied by precipitation, snowmelt and ice-melt runoff from the Qilian Mountain
area. Therefore, changes of precipitation and temperature in the upstream watersheds of these rivers have an important effect on
changes of mountainous runoff and reasonable utilization of water resources in this region. For this reason, the Qilian Mountain
area, upstream watersheds and runoff forming areas of these rivers are chosen as the study area. The change characteristics and
variation trend of temperature and precipitation in this area under the backdrop of global warming are analyzed based on observational
data of relational weather and hydrologic stations in the area. Results show that temperatures in the upriver mountain areas
of these three large river basins have been increasing, although the increasing degree is differentially affected by global warming.
The rising extent of annual and seasonal temperatures in the upstream mountain area of the Shule river basin located in the western
Qilian Mountains, were all largest over the past 50 years. Precipitation in the upstream mountain areas of Hexi region’ three
river basins located respectively in the western, middle and eastern Qilian Mountains have been presenting an increasing trend to
varying degrees as a whole for more than 50 years. This means that climate in the upstream mountain areas of Hexi region’ three
river basins are becoming increasingly warmer and moister over the past 50 years, which will be very good for the ecological environment
and agricultural production in the region. 相似文献
8.
Ahmad Ismail Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli Ferdius Mohamat Yusuff Usuki Yasuteru Kitajima Sachiko Arizono Koji 《湿地科学》2007,5(4):322-325
This study was conducted to assess the existing concentration of 17β-estradiol(E2)in the surface water samples collected from rivers and lakes around Klang Valley,Malaysia.E2,which is a natural feminizing chemical produced in female organisms,regularly used to compare with other environmental estrogens because they behave similarly and react effectively as a hormone at a very low concentration.It was found that the average concentration of E2 in the aquatic environment of Klang Valley was(14.08 ±3.67)pg/mL,which was 14 times higher than those in the Japanese aquatic environment in this study.The river system had the average concentration of(20.02±5.26)pg/mL while the lake had an average concentration of(5.91±3.39)pg/mL.The E2 concentration was presumed high if the sources occurred nearby the area.Current levels of E2 in the aquatic environment may possess threats to existing aquatic organisms.Since high level of E2 has been discovered in the aquatic environment around Klang Valley,further studies and monitoring of E2 and other EDCs concentrations are needed to determine their levels in Malaysian aquatic environment and help to control these chemicals pollution in the aquatic environment. 相似文献
9.
基于水环境约束分区的产业布局引导研究——以江苏省为例(英文) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Along with the highly speedy development of economy and society in the developed area in China,with the sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers,industrial wastewater and domestic sewage,the water environment has been deteriorated continuously and then become a restricting factor to regional development.For harmonizing the relationship between economic development and water environment,many countries have been attempting water environmental function zoning so as to provide a scientific basis for the basin management.However,focusing mainly on water body,these researches ignored the spatial relation between water and land as well as the restricted function of water environment on regional industrial layout.So previous index system adapted only to the environmental genes but excluded the stress genes of socio-economic development.This paper,thus,taking both the sensitivity and pressure of water environment into consideration,discusses the methods of constraint regionalization of water environment,including how to divide the assessed units,choose and manage the assessed elements.Then,as a case study,Jiangsu Province is divided into four types of areas by the method of quadrant analysis,i.e.,high-pressure and high-sensitivity area (HP-HS Area),high-pressure and low-sensitivity area (HP-LS Area),low-pressure and high-sensitivity area (LP-HS Area) and low-pressure and low-sensitivity area (LP-LS Area).Finally,this paper presents the schemes of industrial layout and the policy of industrial development direction respectively,which are very important bases for harmonizing the industrial development and the bearing capacity of water environment. 相似文献
10.
Lake area information in the Badain Jaran Desert in 1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010 was obtained by visual interpretation and water index analysis of remote sensing images, based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of lake area changes during 37 years. Results indicated that the nttmber of lakes declined from 94 to 82 and the total surface area was reduced by 3.69 km2 during 1973-2010. The desert lake area reduced by different degrees in different periods, but this occurred most rapidly during 1973-1990. According to the statistics of lake area changes, lake area decreases mainly occurred in the lakes with areas less than 0.2 km2, while the areas of lakes greater than 0.9 km2 only fluctuated. The changes of lake areas were probably due to changes in the quantity of underground water supplies rather than the effects of local climate change or human factors. 相似文献
11.
The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1IntroductionWith the improvement of people's living standard and economic development, the demands for high quality water resources have been growing, meanwhile, water pollution has become increasingly. According to the survey, most of the rivers, lakes and reservoirs are threatened by the pollution and eutrophication. To solve the problems, and to control the deterioration of water environment of lakes of Dongting, Boyang, Qinghai, and to find the best reclamation measures, experts on lake… 相似文献
12.
The environment evolution of Wuliangsuhai wetland since 1986 is analyzed based on the remote sensing principle. The total water area of Wuliangsuhai lake has been increased during the past 17 years. The open water area had an increasing trend before 1987, and the trend was decreasing up to 1996, then the trend has increased again since 2000; the variation of the water area with dense aquatic weed is basically contradictory to the variation of open water area. The natural reed area had been decreased before 1987, and then it has been increased. The areas of shallow water and swamp have been slightly increased, in fact, the variations are quite steady. The artificial reed area has been increased since the reed plantation was started in 1988. The relationships of the water environment, the climate, hydrology and different types of areas are discussed, and then the technological measures for sustainable development and utilization of Wuliangsuhai lake water environment are proposed. 相似文献
13.
乌梁素海湿地环境的演变 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
利用遥感原理对乌梁素海1986年以来湿地环境的演变进行分析,指出近17年来乌梁素海总水域面积呈增加趋势;明水区面积1987年以前趋势增加,到1996年趋势减少,至2002年又趋势增加;密集水草区面积与明水区面积变化特征基本相反;芦苇区面积1987年以前趋势减少,而后趋势增加;浅水区和沼泽区面积的总趋势尽管微弱增加,但变化基本平稳;1988年开始种植人工芦苇,其面积呈逐年上升趋势。文章还分析了这些变化的原因,阐述了不同类型区面积与水文气象因子和水环境因子的对应关系,最后探讨了乌梁素海水环境可持续发展和永续利用的技术途径。 相似文献
14.
Google Earth Engine（GEE）是目前最先进的地理大数据分析和可视化平台,使遥感监测地表植被突破了数据获取难、本地存储量大、处理效率低的限制。基于GEE云平台计算Landsat系列卫星影像,研究了1987—2019年民勤绿洲NDVI的时空变化,并通过一元线性趋势分析、稳定性分析、Hurst指数对变化趋势进行了分析和预测。结果表明：（1）1987—2019年民勤绿洲NDVI年均值从0.172上升到0.230,多年平均值为0.244,1989—2007、2010—2016年呈上升趋势,1987—1989、2007—2010、2016—2019年呈下降趋势。年内NDVI-0.017—0.333,高值集中在每年4—10月。空间上来看,绿洲外围NDVI明显增大,绿洲向荒漠扩张。（2）1987—2019年民勤绿洲大部分区域NDVI基本不变,坝区、泉山区绿洲外围、湖区南部和青土湖呈增大趋势,坝区中部民勤县城区、湖区北部绿洲边缘呈减小趋势,基本不变、增大、减小区域分别占总面积的81.90%、16.25%和1.85%。（3）1987—2019年民勤绿洲NDVI变化稳定性高的区域主要位于坝区东南部、泉山区东部、湖区北部荒漠区域;波动性高的区域主要位于坝区、泉山区绿洲外围、湖区南部和青土湖。（4）未来民勤绿洲大部分区域NDVI变化趋势保持基本不变,坝区、泉山区绿洲外围、湖区北部和青土湖,NDVI未来有可能增大,坝区中部民勤县城区、湖区北部向荒漠过渡地带,NDVI未来有可能减小,基本不变、未来有可能增大、减小的区域面积分别占71.62%、12.96%、15.42%。 相似文献
15.
1974-2011年白洋淀土地覆盖时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在野外调查的基础上,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术对1974年、1979年、1984年、1987年、1989年、1991年、1996年、2001年、2006年和2011年10期遥感影像进行解译和分析,揭示了白洋淀近37年土地覆盖动态变化。结果表明:近37年白洋淀土地覆盖类型变化极为复杂,主要表现为水体、芦苇地、耕地3种土地覆盖类型相互转化。1974-2011年,水体面积从58.01 km2上升到80.07 km2,芦苇地面积从104.94 km2下降到72.95 km2,水生植被从14.02 km2下降到4.27 km2。1974-2011年,耕地、水体、芦苇地、居民点转化为其它类型的比例相对较小,分别为39.25%、34.46%、53.74%和18.15%。水体面积增加主要分布在地势较低的东部和北部地区,水体面积减少主要分布在地势较高的西南地区。水位变化、入淀径流量变化、淀区气候变化、人类活动及管理政策是白洋淀土地覆盖变化的驱动因子。研究揭示了白洋淀土地覆盖与人类活动的相互作用关系,对白洋淀土地管理和生态系统服务可持续供给具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
Reed is one of the most frequent and dominant species in wetlands all over the world, with common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) as the most widely distributed species. In many wetlands, P. australis plays a highly ambivalent role. On the one hand, in many wetlands it purifies wastewater, provides habitat for numerous species, and is a potentially valuable raw material, while on the other hand it is an invasive species which expands aggressively, prevents fishing, blocks ditches and waterways, and builds monospecies stands. This paper uses the eutrophic reed-swamp of Wuliangsuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia, northern China, as a case to present the multiple benefits of regular reed cutting. The reed area and aboveground biomass production are calculated based on field data. Combined with data about water and reed nutrient content, the impact of reed cutting on the lake nutrient budget (N and P) is investigated. Currently, at this lake around 100,000 tons of reed are harvested in winter annually, removing 16% and 8% of the total nitrogen and phosphorus influx, respectively. Harvesting all available winter reed could increase the nutrient removal rates to 48% and 24%, respectively. We also consider the effects of summer harvesting, in which reed biomass removal could overcompensate for the nutrient influx but could potentially reduce reed regrowth. 相似文献
17.
湖泊是陆地水资源的重要组成部分，也是局地气候和全球环境变化的敏感指示器之一。湖泊面积增加和水位的变化直接反映了流域内水量平衡变化过程，对区域和全球的气候变化的反映较为敏感。利用线性趋势法对青海湖流域长时间序列气象、水文资料以及流域水热条件和植被生长状况进行分析研究，利用皮尔逊相关系数法计算了各因素与湖水位的相关关系，旨在定量评估区域气象、水文、植被等要素的变化对和湖泊水位变化过程的贡献，开展细致的青海湖水位变化特征的影响因子探讨与分析。结果表明：该流域气候呈现显著的暖湿化趋势，其中流域年降水量总体上呈现弱的增加态势，气候倾向率为10.8 mm·（10 a）-1；流域年平均气温呈显著的升高趋势（P <0.01）。流域年可能蒸散率和年实际蒸散波动较大，年实际蒸散虽有波动但增加趋势非常明显（P <0.01）。流域净第一性生产力（P）平均值为2.86 t DM·hm-2·a-1，呈现显著的增加趋势（P <0.01）。从1961年开始湖水位呈现逐年波动下降的趋势，到2004年水位最低（P<0.01）；2004—2015年的近10 a连续上升，上升速率达14.4 m·（10 a）-1（P <0.01）。流域气温升高、降水量增加，流域气候呈显著的暖湿化特征，入湖河流径流量也呈现出弱的增加态势；气候暖湿化特征导致流域生物温度增加，植被生长状况得到改善，[WTBX]NPP[WTBZ]显著增加。年降水量增多，河流径流量增大，湖水位抬升；前一年的降水量、≥0 ℃积温、温度、径流量、NPP和蒸发量对湖水位的影响更大；NDVI和NPP的增加反映流域植被生长状况得到好转，从而增加了流域植被水土保持和水源涵养能力，对湖水位产生间接的影响。降水量、≥0 ℃积温、温度、径流量和NPP对青海湖水位起到正反馈效应，而蒸发量对湖水位主要起负反馈效应，年降水量和年径流量是湖水位变化的最直接的影响因子。 相似文献
18.
近30年来西藏那曲地区湖泊变化对气候波动的响应 总被引：33，自引：4，他引：29
根据1975年地形图、20世纪80年代至2005年的TM、CBERS卫星遥感资料和近45年的气温、降水量、蒸发量、最大积雪深度和最大冻土深度等气候资料分析得出,西藏那曲地区东南部的巴木错、蓬错、东错、乃日平错等四个湖泊的水位面积在近30年来呈较显著的扩大趋势,2005年与1975年相比,分别增加了48.2 km2、38.2km2、19.8 km2 (比2004年)、26.0 km2,增长幅度分别为25.6%、28.2%、16.2%、37.6%。其主要原因与该地区近年来气温的上升、降水量的增加和蒸发量的减少、冻土退化等暖湿化的气候变化有很大关系。 相似文献
19.
柴达木盆地是我国盐湖资源集中分布区,受21世纪暖湿化气候和水量增补的影响,盆地多个盐湖呈现湖面扩张趋势,该过程开始影响盐湖资源离子含量和湖泊生态环境,也对湖区沿线公共基础设施造成一定影响。为了研究湖泊水量增补对盐湖资源及生态环境的影响,选取了柴北缘山前5个湖泊(苏干湖、德宗马海湖、巴仑马海湖、小柴旦湖和托素湖)作为研究对象,开展了2017~2021年湖泊扩张、典型盐湖矿化度和资源元素变化趋势以及对周边基础设施影响的研究。结果表明:1)资源型湖泊湖水淡化和资源品位下降;2)生态型湖泊周边植物群落发生变化(水生植物芦苇扩张、旱生植物白刺和梭梭衰退);3)淹没湖区房屋和旅游道路,危及周边的高速公路等公共基础设施。该研究结果不仅具有为柴达木盆地乃至青藏高原盐湖资源开采和生态环境治理提供科学依据的理论意义,而且具有为青海省基础设施保护和建设提供决策依据的现实意义。 相似文献
20.
生态恢复前后的洪湖水质变化特征及驱动因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湿地的水质状况反映了湿地生态系统的基本背景和质量,其水质的优劣直接关系到周边地区的经济发展和人民生活水平的提高。根据洪湖2000～2010年的水质监测数据,采用灰色模式识别模型对洪湖水质的时空变化特征及其原因进行了分析和评价。2000～2010年,洪湖水质综合指数位于2.08～3.58之间,以Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类水为主。总体上,洪湖不同年份的水质呈波动变化趋势。从空间变化来看,沿进水口—养殖区—开阔区—核心区—出水口的方向,洪湖水质逐渐好转。洪湖水质的变化主要受四湖流域地区工农业废水、生活污水等外源污染和湖内围网养殖的影响,其中,围网养殖是水质最主要的制约因素。为了使洪湖水环境更有利于人们的生产和生活,一方面应控制养殖面积,在适当控制渔业的前提下,开展植被恢复工作;另一方面,应大力控制上游地区工农业废水和城镇生活污水的排放,逐步恢复洪湖水体自净能力,实现洪湖水环境生态的可持续发展。 相似文献