共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
在有关养老的老年学和地理学研究中,“就地养老”是一个广泛使用的概念,并一直被认为是解决老龄人口养老需求的有效政策手段。迄今为止,关于就地养老的研究主要关注了很多能够让老年人健康就地(或在家)养老的物质方面的因素,比如住房条件或家庭照护。有些老年学研究者们认识到,就地养老受到居住环境中实体环境和社会、情感因素的共同影响。但我们认为,在养老体验研究中,要更加深入地审视“人”和“地方”之间的复杂关系。特别是,我们主张就地养老成功的因素是地方具有维持良好关系的潜力。提到“地方(place)”一词的时候,人们过分局限于关注老年人身体上接近的地理空间,或是具有实体边界的地方,例如房子或社区。而我们通过回顾现有文献发现,对许多选择就地养老的人来说,更具有意义的是随着时间的推移,他们在不同空间尺度上所建立起来的多元的、网络化的社会和非社会关系。基于这个新的视角,可以更好地理解老年人与地方的多层次的联系,以及从不同尺度和不同类型的人与地方的关系来考察就地养老的意义。 相似文献
2.
In an increasingly urbanised and ageing world the spatial distribution of an older population is a matter of growing scholarly and policy interest. Much of the research on this topic has tended to draw on one of two key measures: structural ageing, or the ratio of older cohorts to the rest of the population, or numeric ageing, which simply counts the number of older people without reference to the rest of the population. This paper argues that, on their own, these measures have limitations, and that considerable value lies in assessing the interplay between numeric and structural ageing measures. The population ageing matrix, a theoretical framework that classifies the demographic dynamics of population ageing across metropolitan areas, is presented and examined through the case study of Perth, Western Australia. The value of the matrix to reveal patterns and trends missed by analyses of single measures is investigated and areas that are experiencing changes in the composition and size of the ageing demographic are identified. The paper also reflects on the implications of these findings for policy and planning. 相似文献
3.
Christine MILLIGAN 《地理科学进展》2015,34(12):1558-1576
发达国家政策制定者和执行者正面临着一个重要问题,即如何照护身体衰弱的老年群体,以应对人均寿命延长给社会经济与福利带来的影响。当然寿命延长本身是人类取得的一个巨大成功。然而,预期寿命的增加也引发了老年人口尤其是高龄老人数量的增长,这些高龄老人面临疾病高发和工具性日常生活活动能力(Instrumental Activities of Daily Life, IADLs)下降的情况,而这种能力对保持他们晚年生活的独立和尊严非常重要。与此同时,政策和实践的重心已经从机构养老转为“就地养老”,即支持老年人尽可能长时间地住在自己家里。从概念上讲,这意味着之前由机构提供的服务和照护(care)将改为由家庭来提供,这样脆弱的老年人也可以得到来自家人、朋友和邻居的非正式照护。一方面,这意味着许多老年人能够享受到由家庭照护所带来的亲密感、安全感和情感支持;另一方面,家庭结构的变化,社区的衰落,以及经济紧缩时期保障和福利的大幅削减,造成越来越多的老年人要面对孤独、孤立及风险。于是,老年人的照护者、照护地点和照护方式,及老年人对这些因素的差异化体验,将成为对健康和老龄化研究感兴趣的地理学家越来越关心的问题。本文回顾了地理老年学对非正式照护和家庭研究的最新进展,指出该领域的工作对老年人口照护的多学科探讨具有重要贡献。 相似文献
4.
北京正处于快速老龄化阶段,随着城市化进程的加深,迁移老年人的生活环境发生着剧烈的变化。分析北京市城市功能拓展区中老年人的迁移意愿及其影响因素,具有重要的实践意义。选择北京城市功能拓展区中4个新建小区为案例区,收集有效调查问卷353份,采用描述性统计和Logistic回归研究北京市老年人口的迁移意愿及其影响因素。研究发现：已迁移老年人中,71.4%的老年人愿意迁移。与子女居住距离的变化、孙辈的出生以及居住条件的改善是自主迁移老年人迁移的主要原因。老年人生命历程的变化对迁移行为有重要影响。老年人的身体健康、经济条件、与子女居住距离和居住环境对其迁移意愿影响显著。本文的研究意义在于结合老年人迁移的影响因素与宜居社区建设政策,为构建老年宜居社区提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
Early studies suggest that people living in rural neighbourhoods are more satisfied with their residential location than people living in cities. Consequently, most individuals seem to prefer low-density environments to reside in. More recent studies, however, state that rural residents are no more likely to be satisfied with their residential neighbourhood than their urban counterparts. In addition, a considerable, growing part of the population seems to have a clear preference for urban neighbourhoods. The results of our research, conducted in Flanders, Belgium, suggest that urbanites are more satisfied with their neighbourhood than rural residents are. Neighbourhood preferences differ less between urbanites and rural residents. However, there are differences indicating that urbanites have a preference for rural neighbourhoods and rural residents a preference for urban neighbourhoods. In sum, it seems that people, once they have selected their residential location, are not satisfied with the neighbourhood characteristics and tend to develop a preference for a different neighbourhood type. This mismatch can be partly explained by the strongly developed urban sprawl in Flanders, reducing the residential qualities of urban and especially rural environments. Restricting further urban sprawl, with the help of a more active spatial planning policy, seems necessary to increase neighbourhood satisfaction. 相似文献
6.
城市老龄化问题研究的时间地理学框架与展望 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
进入21世纪后，老龄化问题已经成为全世界关注的焦点之一，亦成为多学科研究的对象，通过社会学和地理学对老龄化问题研究视角的对比分析，将时间地理学方法引入对城市老龄化问题的研究中，提出社会学视角与地理学视角相结合的城市老龄化的研究基本框架，展望时间地理学在城市老年服务设施的时间管理和空间管理，老年福利服务以及老年社区建设等方面的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
Sophie McNamara 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(1):71-91
Share house living arrangements are increasingly popular for young Australians as a result of a variety of economic and social changes such as the declining affordability of home ownership and delayed and decreasing marriage rates. Despite this rise, share housing is little researched. This paper considers the idea of ‘home’ as it exists in Inner Sydney's share houses, by examining the motivations underlying the decision to live in a share house as well as the relationships between housemates, in a sample of households. Share housing was utilised mainly as a response to social factors, such as the attraction of the lifestyle and something of a rite of passage, but was also shaped by economic considerations. Share housing was viewed by most people as transitional yet still meaningful. The vast majority considered their current dwelling to be ‘home’, mainly as a result of the intimacy of relationships between housemates, and the attainment of a sense of comfort and equality. 相似文献
8.
本文主要介绍了非表征理论及其在老龄化地理学研究中的运用。该理论的引入将使老龄化地理学成为一个重新焕发活力的研究领域。该领域涉及老年人生活中广泛而多样的空间移动与体验,涵盖移动的参与者、时效性和感知等维度,从而更好地表达和反映空间移动的本质特征。 相似文献
9.
Anna Stevenson Jamie Pearce Tony Blakely Vivienne Ivory Karen Witten 《New Zealand geographer》2009,65(3):211-221
Over the past two decades, there has been a resurgence of interest into place‐based influences on health. Researchers have identified that various characteristics of neighbourhoods exert an influence on the health outcomes and behaviours of local residents. Understanding the processes linking places to health provides considerable potential for a range of policy interventions. We review the New Zealand‐based neighbourhoods and health research. Consideration is given to the types of neighbourhood characteristics, as well the range of health outcomes that have been studied. Finally, we suggest some priorities for further research into the mechanisms underpinning neighbourhood influences on health in New Zealand. 相似文献
10.
Bird-watching is an increasingly popular leisure activity. Previous research has taken for granted the identity of people who watch birds, often categorised by their level of skilled practice as ‘dude’, ‘birder’ or ‘twitcher’. Feminist geographers encourage us to explore identity work as an outcome of the reciprocal relationships between practices and place. Our feminist approach illustrates that the practices of bird-watching are always much more than categorising birds as species. This paper illustrates how the practices of bird-watching are integral to the making and remaking of sense of place as ‘home’ and ‘away’, to sustain identities beyond accepted categories of ‘dude’, ‘birder’ and ‘twitcher’. The creation and application of different types of ‘bird-lists’ helps to explain the ways in which practices of bird-watching facilitate making sense of place as simultaneously ‘home’, ‘away’ and habitat, as well as the identity work of home-maker, citizen-scientist and tourist. Our insights into these leisure practices of bird-watching are drawn from analysis of data gathered from 21 people who actively bird-watch and reside on the South Coast, New South Wales, Australia by combining research methods of talking, walking, drawing and photography. 相似文献
11.
作为家乡认同感浓厚且出现大规模流动人口的转型中国家,中国的创业者在区位选择上究竟偏好家乡还是异地亟待回答,这关乎地方创业政策的方向性布局。基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,从微观个体层面实证检验了创业者在区位选择上是否存在家乡偏好,并探究了其驱动机制。研究发现：创业者在区位选择上的确存在家乡偏好,且这种偏好在生存型和机会型的创业者中均普遍存在;在剔除可能造成家乡偏好高估的样本后,上述发现依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,创业者偏好在家乡创业是为了借助熟悉的社会网络拓展营销渠道并照顾子女和父母。上述发现为制定创业人才政策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
12.
日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响是老龄化地理学的热点话题,仅从居住地视角探讨建成环境影响可能导致研究结果偏差。为更精确揭示老年人日常活动所处场所建成环境与主观幸福感的关系,利用问卷调查等数据,基于老年人日常活动的时空模式及活动地建成环境特征,采用逻辑回归模型对比不同日常活动地建成环境要素对广州市老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现：老年人的主观幸福感受到不同活动地建成环境的共同影响,其中,居住地与日常活动空间建成环境对老年人主观幸福感影响的模型伪R2最大,而维护性活动地与休闲性活动地能反映出仅考虑居住地视角下忽略的部分建成环境变量。由于老年人在不同活动地的停驻时长、频率和目的不同,日常活动地建成环境对老年人主观幸福感的影响机制也存在差异,主要通过影响不同活动地相应的活动机会和出行环境产生作用。结论从老年人群日常活动的角度补充了时空间行为研究,有助于为老年主动健康服务供给与老龄宜居城市建设提供科学支撑。 相似文献
13.
The place of schools in parents' community belonging 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: Schools are central community facilities in the daily lives of families with young children. The paper draws on survey and in-depth interview data to describe the role schools play in parents' sense of belonging to community. Māori and Pākehā parents indicated that schools and preschools were the most significant sites to their community belonging. They are a common meeting place, a source for community knowledge, and a point of departure for the development of parental friendship networks, and reciprocity in child care and support. Parents' perceptions of local schools in all socio-economic neighbourhoods influenced school choice and commitment to a neighbourhood. For Pacific and Asian parents schools were less significant as sites of community belonging. 相似文献
14.
Nicholas Biddle 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(1):53-69
For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians, the wellbeing of the community in which one lives and/or has an ongoing attachment to is an important aspect of individual health and wellbeing. In non-Indigenous policy discourse, the main way to summarise community-level wellbeing is through indices of socioeconomic outcomes that can be used to rank regions or areas within regions. While these have been produced for the Indigenous population, they only capture one particular aspect of community wellbeing. The analysis presented in this paper extends our knowledge of place-based community wellbeing by looking at the presence or absence of particular facilities, barriers to accessing services, and neighbourhood or community problems. Indigenous Australians in remote areas were less likely to report the presence of a number of facilities and more likely to report barriers to accessing government services. However, there were no consistent differences in the reporting of neighbourhood and community problems—some types of problems had a higher incidence in non-remote areas (e.g. theft and dangerous or noisy driving), whilst other problems were higher in remote areas (alcohol, illegal drugs and violence). Indices of these variables were also found to be associated with individual emotional wellbeing, providing prima facie evidence of the link between community and individual measures. 相似文献
15.
中国大城市低收入邻里及其居民的贫困集聚度和贫困决定因素 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
基于2007 年在中国6 个大城市开展的大规模家庭户调查,采用FGT指数法和逻辑回归分析方法,探讨中国大城市低收入邻里及其居民的贫困集聚程度和决定因素。研究发现,老城衰败邻里的贫困集聚度最高,同时承受多重不利状况的下岗/失业人员的贫困集聚度也是最高;事实贫困、被剥夺感与社会福利分配之间存在不匹配现象。在贫困的决定因素方面,制度保障和市场薪酬对城市贫困的发生具有同等重要的作用,但对不同低收入邻里和不同社会群体又表现出不同的关联性。随着市场作用的加强,市场薪酬机制正在成为贫困产生的更为重要的决定性因素。 相似文献
16.
旅游商业化背景下家的空间重构
——以西双版纳傣族园傣家乐为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旅游地的特色民居被改建为家庭旅馆,家的属性和内涵发生改变,影响着旅游地的文化生态。然而,当前研究仅将家庭旅馆视为“商业机构”,忽视了其具备的原本“家”的属性。家作为人文地理研究的新议题,受到了文化地理学的关注;但相比于国外丰富的家的地理学研究,国内的学术研究仍较为缺乏。以云南省西双版纳傣族园傣家乐为案例,通过观察法和访谈法,从“家”的视角出发解读作为“商业化的家”的傣家乐内部空间重构过程和动因,并关注其对空间内涵的影响。研究发现：家空间的重构是旅游活动主体之间互动协商的产物,游客对于家的消费和居民对于家的营造交织作用,共同推进了家空间的重构。傣族园傣家乐主人的家空间重构过程是从空间功能转化―空间扩增―空间异化―空间营销的渐变。游客是傣楼空间重构的主导力量,是家的空间消费主体,其凝视诉求和消费喜好直接推动了家的空间转变。傣家乐主人是家空间重构的建构主体,他们的文化背景和对家的舒适性诉求带来了家的空间属性多元化和复杂化的转变。家空间的变化不仅导致了傣家乐主人和游客在家空间的身份展演多元化和对空间认知多样化的变化,亦让家成为一个兼具有经济、文化消费、社会关系建立及多重身份展演的多元化、复杂化的社会空间。 相似文献
17.
In urban China there is growing scholarly interest in neighbourhood social interaction, but most studies focus on overt neighbouring activities whilst less is known about the affective dimension of neighbourhood relations, such as mutual trust and care. By surveying 1,420 residents from Shanghai, this study examines the affective relationship between rural migrants and local urban neighbours and explores whether the frequency of neighbouring and contextual characteristics may affect this outcome. Our results show that residents who interact more with out-group neighbours also tend to describe their relationship with them as more caring and amicable. Furthermore, residents in working class neighbourhoods tend to rely on intergroup neighbouring as means of facilitating mutual trust. In contrast, residents of neighbourhoods with commodified housing stock already possess a strong affective relationship with out-group neighbours because of a shared identity as middle-class homeowners and, therefore, do not rely on neighbourly interactions as a facilitator of neighbourly trust. 相似文献
18.
Summary In this paper, findings are presented from a qualitative study of older people's lives in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, to examine the place of the body in everyday meanings and constructions of ageing. Focusing on the home, we show how notions about gendered as well as ageing bodies affect the use and meaning of space. 相似文献
19.
在旅游发展的背景下,民居客栈成为一个特殊的时空建构,建筑风格呈现出多元化的倾向,当地的传统元素逐渐弱化。以大理双廊的民居客栈为例,基于空间生产理论从物质空间、精神空间、社会空间3个方面进行分析,研究发现,民居客栈的空间实践包括原态式、改进式、创新式建筑3种。本地村民是早期的空间支配者和使用者,随着土地使用权的转移,其对空间生产的影响力逐渐降低;外来经营者作为主要的空间生产者和使用者,强化了民居客栈与当地建筑的差异性;而政府的介入相对较晚,在后期表现出较强的空间控制权;游客则通过市场选择等方式间接影响着空间的生产。旅游发展下空间生产和塑造的背后代表着资本和文化的互动以及新的社会关系的建立。 相似文献
20.
This paper reports on some individual constructions of ageing and how these relate to the mutual sustainability of lives and communities in the changing rurality of New Zealand in the 1990s. The Arena Society model is used to organise a discussion of the impact of technology on settlement systems, with reference to changes in the provision of banking services and their impact on the elderly. The views of older people living in the village of Tirau in the Waikato are used to ground the analysis in human experience. The concluding discussion focuses on the potential contribution of older rural residents to the ‘multiple agency’ that communities will need for survival in the ‘open society’. 相似文献