共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
中国东北黑土地研究进展与展望 总被引：37，自引：3，他引：34
东北黑土区是世界四大片黑土区之一,它以高有机质和高肥力而著称,不仅是东北农业发展的基础,也是中国的粮仓,在保障国家粮食安全中具有举足轻重的地位。针对东北黑土自身的特色和面临的问题,首先描述了东北黑土地形成的条件及自然黑土的属性特征;其次阐述了黑土被开垦后农田化过程中土壤属性和肥力的演化情况,土壤有机质大幅度下降,土壤肥力降低,已严重影响到东北黑土地农业的可持续发展;在此基础上分析了黑土区耕作土壤不同保护途经及其对土壤肥力的影响机制;最后展望了未来黑土地理论研究的侧重点：应加大新技术、新方法和跨学科交叉理论的研究,培育更适合东北黑土地气候条件的高产优质作物品种,并结合目前黑土地保护的技术调控模式,优化作物种植模式,提升作物品质和产量,提高黑土区农业的综合生产力和竞争力、保证黑土区农业的永续利用。 相似文献
2.
中国区域PRED系统研究进展 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
在对区域PRED系统内涵理解的基础上,比较了它与区域可持续发展的异同。区域PRED系统是以区域人口、资源、环境和发展四个子系统的协调发展为目标,可持续发展是一个宏观的概念,区域PRED系统的协调发展是可持续发展的前提条件．而可持续发展是区域PRFD系统的协调发展最终目标。在对比分析了前人研究区域PRED系统的指标体系和量化方法,结合新疆的实际,对原先较适用于工业发达、环境污染严重的大中型城市的可持续度模型进行了改进。针对西部干旱区特殊的地理环境和农牧业为主体的经济结构,将水资源总量和生态环境因子引入可持续度模型,分别替代模型中原有的资源消耗因子和环境质量因子。水资源总量是制约以农牧业为主的干旱区中小绿洲经济协调发展的重要因子．对于以农牧业为基础产业的干旱区域来说能源的需求远不及对水资源的需求．将水资源总量作为一个指标引入评价模型。同时生态环境变化引起的区域协调发展问题对干旱区尤为重要,西部地区生态环境的脆弱性成为制约经济协调发展的重要因子,是将生态环境引入可持续度模型中的原因。结果表明改进后的可持续度模型用于评价工业不发达、生态环境脆弱的西部干旱区所得结果与该地区的现实基本相符。 相似文献
3.
Research on sustainable agriculture is underfunded in the United States. Therefore, the topical relevance and the dissemination of this research must be carefully targeted to reach farmers. This paper investigates the actual linkages between local alternative farmers and the information dissemination efforts of publicly funded researchers who obtained grants from a federal/regional program. This analysis is based on a mail survey of twenty sustainable farmers in the Illinois Sustainable Agriculture Society, fifty farmers in the Illinois Organic Crop Improvement Association, and forty‐two researchers who received grant funding from the North Central Region of the USDA's (United States Department of Agriculture) Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (USDA‐SARE) program between 1988 and 1996. Appropriate statistical techniques were employed to analyze the relatively small sample sizes. Findings suggest that the local needs of farmers are not being met by the national and regional efforts of USDA‐SARE, although sustainable farmers are somewhat more likely than organic farmers to receive publicly funded research information. Based on this survey research, the USDA should reconsider the focus and goals of its commitment to sustainable agricultural research. 相似文献
4.
北京市县域都市农业可持续发展水平动态分异与提升路径 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
促进都市农业可持续发展是当前加快新型城镇化进程,统筹城乡一体化发展的重要举措。本文以北京都市农业为研究对象,综合都市农业可持续发展能力时间变化轨迹刻画和空间分异格局归纳两个视角,解析都市农业影响因素的共栖关系和互动效应,结合地区特点提出合理的提升路径,以期为北京都市农业的科学发展提供科学支撑。研究表明：资源环境本底仍是制约北京都市农业发展的关键瓶颈,城镇化和工业化对北京都市农业发展影响具有两面性,宏观经济环境变化中北京都市农业显现出异常的敏感。基于研究结果,提出了促进北京都市农业可持续发展的对策建议：依托资源环境优势,拓展都市农业发展空间;瞄准城市发展需求,提升都市农业产品层次;顺应经济发展趋势,创新都市农业服务体系;创新经营管理体制,培育新型农业经营主体;发掘政策调控潜力,强化都市农业示范作用。 相似文献
5.
持续农业--生态农业及干旱区实践模式探究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
论述了生态农业与持续农业（ＳＡＲＤ）提出的背景及其概念,结合干旱区实例介绍,阐述了持续农业与生态农业在中国发展的趋势。 相似文献
6.
基于农业多功能性的中国全球重要农业文化遗产地旅游可持续发展研究（英文） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
人口急剧增长,生物多样性减少和气候变化促使人们重新思考农业和生物多样性的未来,而传统农业的智慧与经验值得借鉴。2002年,联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起的全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目,旨在通过保护这些具有价值的传统农业系统来促进农村地区可持续发展。旅游被认为是动态保护途径之一,不但能促进遗产地的经济发展,还能为游客提供认知与学习农业文化遗产的机会。然而,不当的旅游发展将会影响当地的文化与生活方式,不但会威胁旅游的可持续发展,而且会对这些独特的农业系统带来潜在的破坏。因此,农业文化遗产地旅游发展的适宜模式应当是以农业为基础的。本文基于农业多功能性构建了农业文化遗产地旅游发展框架,通过对农业多功能性的定量评估和农业和旅游业间关系的定性分析,提出了我国的4个遗产地旅游发展建议。同时,该框架还能为不同利益相关者决策其农业文化遗产的多种功能提供了一种方法。 相似文献
7.
In order to realize sustainable development of the arid area of Northwest China, rational water resources exploitation and optimization are primary prerequisites. Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper puts forward a general idea on water resources optimization and eco-environmental protection in Qaidam Basin, and identifies the competitive multiple targets of water resources optimization. By some qualitative methods such as Input-output Model & AHP Model and some quantitative methods such as System Dynamics Model & Produce Function Model, some standard plans of water resources optimization come into being. According to the Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, the best plan of water resources optimization, eco-environmental protection and sustainable development in Qaidam Basin is finally decided. 相似文献
8.
Dianne Rocheleau 《The Professional geographer》1995,47(4):458-466
Feminist post-structuralist theory, feminist empiricism, and field practice can all contribute to insights on the value of quantitative and qualitative methods in feminist geographical research. A political ecology study of gendered interests in a social forestry program in the Dominican Republic illustrates the methodological dilemmas and potentials of feminist research on environmental change. The study combined qualitative and quantitative data collection and analytical techniques. Examples from the case study address three methodological questions in feminist geography: (1) Should identity or affinity be the basis for situating ourselves and the subjects of our research? (2) How can we reconcile multiple subjectivities and quantitative methods in the quest for objectivity? and (3) Can we combine traditional positivist methods with participatory mapping and oral histories? The paper draws on theoretical literature as well as field experience to answer these questions. 相似文献
9.
黄河三角洲的适用生态农业模式及农业地域结构探讨 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
从可持续发展的观点出发,通过对黄河三角洲地区生态环境分异和生态农业雏型的研究,提出７种适用的生态农业模式,并在此基础上进行了该区的农业地域结构规划探讨。 相似文献
10.
作物需水量研究进展的回顾与展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
国内外有关作物需水研究的进展情况和相关估算方法,包括研究内容、定量估算方法和数学预测方法,通过其分析论述了各方法的主要原理、特点及局限性,并指出了日前作物需水研究领域存在的主要问题是在非均一下垫面条件下,植被与环境以及植被间的相互作用要比均一下垫面复杂得多。目前的计算模式存在着许多假设,普适性不够,难以推广应用,今后需进一步研究的课题与采取的研究思路主要是改进蒸散计算方法。最后简要介绍了一种利用遥感蒸散模型率定通用陆面模式CoLM来估算区域陆面蒸散量以及陆地耗水量的思路。 相似文献
11.
Jaclyn Wypler 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):947-964
Heteropatriarchy underpins contemporary U.S. agriculture, even within the alternative sector. This paper builds on the legacies of women farmers and farmers of color creating peer networks to circumvent heteropatriarchal hurdles by investigating how lesbian, bisexual, trans, and queer (LBTQ) sustainable farmers access human resources. If and how did the farmers encounter or resist heteropatriarchy in this process? Drawing on four years of ethnographic research with 40 LBTQ Midwest sustainable farmers, I argue that resources through government agencies, neighborhood farmers, and like-minded practitioners did not necessarily align with LBTQ farmers’ sustainable practices or queer identities. LBTQ farmers convened with others at the intersections of their queerness and sustainable practices formally, informally, and through the labor market to access human resources removed from heteropatriarchal domination. I conclude that LBTQ farmer networks bolster human resources in sustainable agriculture and conservation practices. 相似文献
12.
世界可持续农业发展模式比较研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文在论述世界可持续农业产生的背景基础上，分析了发达国家与发展中国家对可持续农业的理解及发展模式的差异，着重分析了发达国家的有机农业、持久农业和精准农业等技术理念和发展中国家的新绿色革命技术理念与中国的生态农业的技术理念的异同及中国与世界可持续农业的发展方向。 相似文献
13.
农业资源可持续利用模式及案例分析——以冀中南平原为例 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
如何实现农业资源的可持续利用依然是目前农业可持续发展研究的重点与难点。本文选择冀中南平原为研究区域,以农业资源利用方式与地域单元的耦合为切入点界定了农业资源可持续利用模式的概念与内涵,并通过分析模式5要素,即农业自然资源特征、农业主导产业(品)、农业产业链(产-加-销)、农民组织化程度和农村经济发展水平之间的关系,探讨了农业资源可持续利用模式的作用过程,构建了农业资源可持续利用模式的三级层次结构体系。在此方法框架的指导下,本文选取冀中南平原的曲周、藁城、馆陶三个典型县,具体剖析了第三级模式的基本运作状况,总结了农业资源可持续利用模式的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
Agri-cultural Heritage Systems (AHS) have not only various values but also important enlightening roles for modern agriculture. With agro-scientific and technological progress, the traditional agriculture that has lasted for thousands of years is declining gradually, thus is attached the importance of exploring and protecting our AHS. As a traditional agricultural system for 1300 years, the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) has many significant characteristics such as beautiful landscapes, distinctive rice varieties, ecologically clean agricultural production systems, systematic methods of managing water and soil and special ethnic culture. It was designated successively as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) in 2010 and as a World Heritage (WH) in 2013. In this paper, taking HHRTS as an example, we analyzed the economic, ecological, aesthetic, cultural, and social values, as well as the research values, of the GIAHS. We conclude that the restrictions on increasing peasant earnings and improving their living standards are difficult with the low efficiency of traditional planting patterns and the single-industry structure of farming in rugged terrain. However, these restrictive factors are beneficial for developing some industries like green agriculture, organic agriculture or ecological food production because of the clean farmland environment. In the end, we propose the basic approaches to protect the Hani terraces agriculture system should include the local governments to encourage the development of ecotourism, organic agriculture and featuring agriculture by multi-mode economic compensation. It is very important for protecting terraces to coordinate benefits among corporations, governments and villagers by making reasonable policies of compensation. 相似文献
15.
During the development of Qaidam Basin, which is an arid area in Northwest China, rational water resources utilization and optimization are primal prerequisites, and the main restrictive factors include the following facts: scarcy water resources are non-substitutional and uneven distributed in time and space. Based on the essential principle of sustainable development, this paper adopts Multiple Targets Decision by the Closest Value Model, and succeeds in getting the best plan, which can o… 相似文献
16.
17.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(8)
Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows:(1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research;(2) China's central government foundations(the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources;(3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and(4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded. 相似文献
18.
Progress in China’s sustainable development research: Contribution of Chinese geographers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows: (1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research; (2) China’s central government foundations (the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources; (3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and (4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded. 相似文献
19.
20.
基于中国744家有机畜牧业企业基本数据,对其服务功能和生产功能区位进行分析,并采用Pearson相关性分析和多元回归分析方法对功能区位影响因素进行研究。结果表明：1）有机畜牧业企业服务功能区位和生产功能区位具有较强的共聚现象;2）有机畜牧业企业生产功能区位和服务功能区位受饲料产量、环境质量、政策效益等多种影响因子的综合作用,其中自然资源和传统畜牧产业发展水平对其影响较大;3）服务功能区位和生产功能区位空间集聚程度较高,导致有机畜牧业企业影响因素具有相对一致性,但囿于有机畜牧业企业功能部门自身的区位偏好差异,同一影响因子对于其服务功能和生产功能区位的作用程度具有一定的异同性。最后,提出2点建议：1）通过提升与强化地区综合性环境条件因子与环境承载力,增强不同层面空间单元的要素优势,引导有机畜牧业企业根据不同功能部门需求向其功能区位优势聚集区布局;2）地方政府应加大政策扶持力度,引导新生有机畜牧业企业在资源环境条件优越地区集聚,并鼓励和引导传统企业根据实际情况向有机农业生产方式转换。 相似文献