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The data used in this paper were acquired at 19 quantitative dredging stations and 4 trawling stations during the three crusies of the 4th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition for investigating the shallow sea benthos in Great Wall Bay, in the period from December 1987 to March 1988. Based on environmental characteristics, diversity of species composition and the eveness of interspecific distribution of individuals, cluster methods were used to divide the investigated area into three benthic community distribution areas. The structures of the various communities were further divided into 3 structure types, namely, high diversity, intermediate diversity and low diversity types. From the study of the relationship between community structure and environmental factors it was pointed out that there was an extremely close relationship between benthic communities structure and the stability of the bottom types and sediments, whereas in sea areas where the depth gradient is not large, there is no obvious relat 相似文献
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本文采用 1 987年 1 2月 - 1 988年 3月南极长城湾浅海区底栖生物的三航次 1 9个定量采泥站和 4个拖网站的调查资料。根据环境特征、种类组成的多样性和种间个体分配的均匀度 ,采用了聚类方法将调查区分为三个底栖生物群落分布区。并对各群落的结构作进一步分析 ,分为高多样性、中多样性和低多样性三种结构类型。并研究了群落结构与环境因素的关系 ,指出底栖生物的群落结构与底质类型和沉积物稳定性的关系最为密切 ;在深度梯度度不大的海区 ,底栖生物群落结构与深度梯度没有明显关系。 相似文献
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Study on the distribution,abundance and growth condition of Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)in the Prydz Bay region,Antarctica during the Austral summer of 1999/2000 
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下载免费PDF全文 Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encountered at 14 sites, the abundance was comparatively low in general. The main component of the krill population was of post -larval stages. The mean numerical and weight density of krill integrated for all sampling stations in the survey area were 16. 17 ind. 1000 m -3and 12.02 g 1000 m -3 , respectively. In the survey area, stations with larger krill density are mainly located in the slope zone, except that the largest sample was collected in the open sea zone. No krill occurred in the only station of the shelf zone during our investigation. Krill collected from the slope zone were under better growth condition than those from the open sea zone, but when the survey area is considered as a whole, the growth condition is normal. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the environmental fa 相似文献
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基于新疆阿勒泰地区7个观测站1961-2010年冬季逐日降水量资料,定义了大到暴雪特征量,并对其时间序列进行标准化,然后运用线性趋势、Cubic函数、M-K突变检验、Morlet小波变换、R/S分析等方法,研究了该区冬季大到暴雪的气候变化特征。结果表明：大到暴雪量对冬季降水总量的方差贡献较大。在气候分布上,大到暴雪特征量、冬季总降水量的大值区均位于北部东部,大值中心位于富蕴或阿勒泰站,方差贡献大值中心位于青河站;小值中心位于福海站。在年际尺度上,该区各特征量有7 a的显著周期变化特征;在年代际尺度上,有13～15 a、17～23 a、28～29 a的显著周期变化。在时间域上,大到暴雪量和频次在20世纪90年代之前以负距平为主,变化相对平稳,90年代之后以正距平为主,变化相对剧烈;大到暴雪强度60-70年代初、80年代中期到21世纪最初10 a波动幅度较大,70年代中期到80年代初变化相对平稳。Cubic函数拟合表明,大到暴雪特征量在80年代末90年代初发生了由少到多的转型,但没有突变点。在空间域上,各年代大到暴雪量大值区所在范围比较稳定,位于北部东部,小值区出现在河谷平原;值中心在60和90年代出现在富蕴站,其它年代出现在阿勒泰站;小值中心70年代出现在布尔津站,其它年代均出现在福海站;大到暴雪频次的变化与其不同的是大值中心90年代出现在青河站;大到暴雪强度在60和70年代大值中心位于阿勒泰站,80和90年代位于富蕴站,21世纪最初10 a位于哈巴河站,大值区分布也较复杂。大到暴雪特征量全区及各站均呈增多趋势;大到暴雪量是阿勒泰和福海站、大到暴雪频次和强度是阿勒泰、福海、富蕴站没有通过显著性检验,其它均通过了显著性检验。R/S分析表明,在未来该地区大到暴雪特征量将逐渐转为减少的趋势,尤其是吉木乃站。通过分析揭示了阿勒泰地区大到暴雪变化规律,对指导该地区经济生产布局、防灾减灾、暴雪灾害风险评估提供参考,同时也为短期气候预测提供依据。 相似文献
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1999 2 0 0 0年的南极夏季 ,在普里兹湾地区进行了南极磷虾 (Euphausiasuperba)的现场采样。采样站位共 1 5个 ,分布在由近岸到深海的三条经向断面上。采样中在 1 4个站位都有南极磷虾出现 ,但大多数站位磷虾的密度都很低。样品的组成主要是幼体后期的南极磷虾。整个调查海区南极磷虾的平均数值密度和重量密度分别为 1 6 .1 7尾 1 0 0 0m3 和 1 2 .0 2g 1 0 0 0m3 。在调查区域内除密度最大的站位在深海区外 ,其他密度较大的站位主要分布于陆坡区 ,而在陆架区的唯一的站位没有发现南极磷虾。测量和分析的结果表明 ,陆坡区南极磷虾的生长状态好于深海区 ,但就整个调查海区来说 ,南极磷虾处于正常生长状态。对调查期间普里兹湾的环境因素的分析结果表明 ,调查中三个磷虾密度较大的站位 (Ⅱ - 3 ,Ⅲ - 6 ,Ⅳ - 8)的分布似乎与 75m深处的冷水团及 2 5m深处的叶绿素低值中心和叶绿素高值中心的交汇区有关。 相似文献
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1990年 1 2月～ 1 991年 1月从南极普里兹湾及其毗邻南印度洋获得的微小型浮游植物样品 ,经鉴定、分析表明 :调查海区有 5门 40属 1 2 2种、变种和变型 ,其中硅藻类占 73 .0 %,甲藻类占2 0 .5 %,其它仅占 6 .5 %。表层水样微小型浮游植物平均丰度为 2 5 5 1× 1 0 4个 /m3 ,其密集区主要分布在普里兹湾内邻近陆架区的 7站和西冰架与沙克尔顿冰架之间的以北海域 ( 3、 4、 2、 3、 1站及 1站 ) ;位于普里兹湾西北部海域断面 和 1～ 5站丰度最低。网采浮游植物平均丰度为 81 2× 1 0 4 个 /m3 ,其密集区则分布在普里兹湾邻近陆架区 ( 2、 4、 5、 7、 4、 5站 )和西冰架北部海域 ( 1、 3站 ) ;低丰度位于沙克尔顿冰架东部海域 (断面 、 的测站 )。微小型浮游植物垂直分布密集区位于测区中部 ( 3、 3站 )和东部 ( 3站 ) 0～ 5 0 m水体 ,水深1 0 0 m以下至 2 0 0 m随深度的增加而丰度逐渐减少。微小型浮游植物丰度与大磷虾的丰度和营养盐 (N、P、Si)浓度成显著的负相关。 相似文献
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遥感降水产品能反映降水的时空分布变化,对于资料稀缺的西北干旱区生态水文研究有重大意义。TRMM卫星降水资料在热带湿润地区有大量应用,但要将其用于我国西北干旱半干旱气候地区,还需对该数据产品在质量进行评估。选择干旱区内陆的新疆天山中部为研究区,并以周边15个台站的实测数据为依据对TRMM3B42降水数据质量进行评价。结果表明：（1）TRMM3B42数据对日降水事件的估计准确率较低,但是总体上暖季好于冷季,相对于较大的降水,对发生量小的降水估计更为准确;在暖季高估量小降水,低估量大降水,冷季则相反;（2）月降水情况来看,天山南坡两站与北坡的规律不符;对北坡山区降水估计的精度好于平原区,并且精度与海拔呈抛物线分布,降水越大的区域精度越高;偏差量的年内分布在各海拔区域之内一致性较好,但区域之间规律各有特点;（3）从年降水量来看,TRMM降水整体低于站点观测值,并且差量随着高程具有抛物线分布的特征。总之,该降水产品的质量总体上不高,但是其偏差在时间和空间上具有一定的规律性,该数据在干旱区的应用需要进一步校准处理。 相似文献
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乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
清朝乾隆年间，清政府对新疆实行移民实地政策，人口大量迁移到新疆。天山北麓东段是新疆主要的人口迁入地区，其人口迁移分为民户迁移、商户迁移、遣户迁移、兵眷迁移和安插户迁移等几种类型，以民户迁移为主。移民的来源地以甘肃、陕西等邻近省份为主，人口迁移的方式以官府有组织的迁移为主、以民间自流的方式为辅。民户人口迁移的高峰在乾隆三十年代，乾隆四十五以后人口迁移规模变小，整个乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移的规模为16．4万人左右，迁移人口主要分布在以乌鲁木齐和巴里坤为中心的两个地区。 相似文献
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The duration of travel climate comfort degree is an important factor that influences the length of the tourism season and the development of a tourism destination. In this study, we used the monthly average meteorological data for the last 10 years from 46 weather stations in Heilongjiang Province (China) and Primorsky Krai (Russia) to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) and wind chill index (WCI) based on ArcGIS software interpolation technology. We obtained the climate comfort charts of the study area with a grid size a 1 km 2 grid size, and analyzed the spatial distribution of comfort for each month. The results show the following: 1) The THI and WCI of the cross-border region gradually decrease from south to north and from low altitude to high altitude. The annual comfortable climate period is longer when analyzed in terms of the WCI rather \than the THI. 2) The travel climate comfortable period of the study area shows significant regional difference and the length of the comfortable period in Heilongjiang Province is 4 to 5 months. Meanwhile, the period in Primorsky Krai decreases from south to north and the length of the comfortable period length in its southern region can reach 7 months. 3) The predominant length of the climate comfortable period in the cross-border area is 5 months per year, and it covers 46.6% of the total area, while areas that have a climate comfortable period of 2 months are the most limited, covering less than 0.3% of the area. The results provide a scientific basis for the utilization and development of a meteorological tourism resources and touring arrangements for tourists in the cross-border region between China and Russia. 相似文献
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利用内蒙古46个气象台站1960-2012年逐日降水数据,以表征降水年内分配非均匀特征的降水集中度(PCD)和降水集中期(PCP)指标,分析了内蒙古降水年内时间分配特征及变化趋势。结果表明:(1)近53 a内蒙古PCD平均值为0.70,呈显著减少趋势。PCP平均值为194.65°,呈不显著的提前趋势。(2)PCD高值区在阿拉善高原、锡林郭勒高原东部、呼伦贝尔高平原、大兴安岭以东地区,低值区在大兴安岭北部、乌兰察布高原、鄂尔多斯高原。全区PCP则以192°等值线为界,表现出西晚东早的空间分异格局。(3)PCD普遍呈下降趋势,以呼伦贝尔高平原、乌兰察布高原减小趋势最显著。PCP也以提前趋势为主,贺兰山、乌兰布和沙漠一线以东地区为主要的PCP提前区。(4)各站PCD与年降水量均为正相关,通过显著性检验的站点占到了60.8％。PCP与降水量的相关系数较小,显著相关的地区仅占到全区的34.7％。 相似文献
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NELSON SILVA S. E. WALTER HELBLING VIRGINIA VILLAFAÑE ANTHONY F. AMOS OSMUND HOLM-HANSEN 《Polar research》1995,14(1):69-82
The nutrient status of the various water mass structures within a large sampling grid around Elephant Island are reported and the nutrient concentrations relative to jata from the physical and biological components of the Antarctic Marine Living Resources Programme are discussed. Concentrations of silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate (Si/N/P) were measured in the upper water column during January-March of three successive years. Samples were taken from eleven depths at 17 stations in 1991, and at four depths at 144 stations in 1992 and 182 stations in 1993. There was considerable variability in the concentrations of all three nutrients within the study area, but silicic acid showed the greatest variance among the water masses present in the sampling grid. The ratios (Si/N/P) of the nutrient deficits (difference in winter and summer values) in the upper 100 m differed considerably in Drake Passage waters as compared to Bransfield Strait waters, with both nitrate and silicic acid showing the greatest variance. Nutrient deficits did not increase from January to February, indicating that rates of replenishment of nutrients to the euphotic zone by physical processes and/or biological regeneration were approximately equal to the rate of uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton during that time period. The seasonal deficits, however, were substantial. Estimates of daily rates of primary production based on these nutrient deficits were comparable to the rates as measured by radiocarbon for Drake Passage waters, but much smaller for Bransfield Strait waters. 相似文献
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在全球气候变化背景下,近60 a江淮流域梅雨特征量及梅雨期分级降水的时空变化特征还不明晰。论文采用江淮流域1961—2020年239个气象站逐日降水、气温和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料识别梅雨过程,研究梅雨入出梅日期等特征量及梅雨期不同量级的雨日数等指标的时空特征,计算城市化对梅雨期强降水的贡献。结果表明：Ⅰ区(江南区)平均入出梅最早,Ⅱ区(长江中下游区)次之,Ⅲ区(江淮区)入出梅最晚,梅雨期长度依次为30、30和24 d,入出梅日和梅雨期长度趋势性均不明显。Ⅰ区平均梅雨雨强最大(367.6 mm),Ⅱ区次之(298.4 mm),Ⅲ区最小(253.5mm);Ⅱ区梅雨雨强显著增加、平均梅雨强度指数最大,最易发生暴力梅,Ⅲ区梅雨强度指数变化最剧烈。江淮流域梅雨量Ⅰ、Ⅱ区中部较大,Ⅰ区雨日数最多,Ⅱ区次之,Ⅲ区最少。梅雨期小雨日数最多、降水发生率最高,中雨、大雨和暴雨依次减少。绝大多数站点小雨、中雨日数趋势性不明显,Ⅱ区中东部大雨、暴雨日数显著增加。绝大多数站点大雨、暴雨降水发生率趋势性不明显,Ⅱ区较多站点小雨、中雨发生率显著下降是其东部梅雨期降水发生率显著减少的原因。暴雨量占梅雨量比例最大... 相似文献
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黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素(英文) 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Rivers with fluvial equilibrium are characterized by bed deformation adjustment. The erosion-deposition area in cross-section reflects this characteristic, which is a base of researching the river scour and deposition evolution by time series analysis. With an erosion-deposition area indicator method proposed in this paper, the time series of erosion-deposition area quantity at Bygl and Shhk stations were obtained with the series duration of 31 years from 1976 to 2006. After analysis of its trend and mutation, three different ten- dencies about the evolution were observed in general from the quasi-equilibrium phase through a rapid shrinkage to the final new quasi-equilibrium. It is also found that the trend of erosion-deposition area series will change once a big flood occurred in some of the tributaries, and its ever greater influence is due to the decrease of deluge with the completion of upstream reservoirs. Almost all the turning points were coincident with the time when hyper-concentrated sediment flood occurred in some tributaries. With the time series of clear mutations since the late 1990s, the Inner Mongolian Reach has been in a new equilibrium phase. This can be concluded in two aspects. 1. The absence of big floods and sediment transportation from tributaries result in the river shrinkage, and to regain the channel flow-carrying capacity in Inner Mongolian Reach a large flood is needed both of high peak discharge and of lengthy interval to destroy the new equilibrium. 2. The proposed method of erosion-deposition area indicator is of great help to channel scoureposition evolution analysis because it can demonstrate real time deformation of cross section in quantity. 相似文献
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东辽河流域坡面系统生态需水研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
以东辽河流域累积46个测站52年的水文资料和1986年、1996年、2000年Landsat TM数字图像为源信息，在分析景观格局、流域降水和径流时空分布的基础上，探讨东辽河流域坡面系统生态需水的时空变化和平衡分区。东辽河流域坡面系统景观的优势度较强，斑块的形状较为规整，但分布较散，同时受到人灰活动的干预非常强。水文情势的空间分异明显。东辽河流域坡面系统全年平均生态需水量为504.72mm(324.08mm～618.89mm），5～9月份生态需水量占全年生态需水总量的88.29%，下游形成生态需水的高值区。坡面系统生态需水量的极端满足程度仅为90%，全年和生长季（5～9月）生态缺水区分别占了全流域总面积的60.47%和74.01%，从生态需水的缺水数量和缺水区域来看，缺水区域大的趋势尤为严峻，必需采取全流域用水的综合调配。 相似文献
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IPCC-AR4以来华南沿海海平面变化研究若干进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述自IPCC-AR4(联合国政府间气候变化委员会第四次评估报告)以来,华南沿海海平面变化研究的新进展,结果显示:1)7 100-3 500 cal a BP时期华南沿海的海平面较今高1.5～2.5 m;2)1970-2010年的海平面上升率为2.5 mm/a,高于同时期全球平均上升率2.1 mm/a,原因与西太平洋暖池直接影响有关;3)采用新的全球冰川均衡调整(GIA)模型分析得出,华南沿海各验潮站的GIA效应值为-0.18～-0.30 mm/a;4)实施“海平面观测与影响评价标准”(HY/T134-2 相似文献
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1960～1997年新疆北部降水序列的趋势探测 总被引：25，自引：13，他引：25
利用非参数统计检验法（Mann-Kendall法）分析了新疆北部地区13个气象台站1961-1997近40年降水序列的趋势。因季节性差异，对1月、4月、7月、10月的降水序列也进行了分析。结果表明，1961-1997年新疆北部地区年降水序列大致存在增加的趋势，但不是很普遍；多数测站的年降水序列无趋势。以4月、10月为代表的春秋季降水量没有趋势存在；在少数测站以1月为代表的冬季降水序列出现了上升趋势，说明1961-1997年间新疆北部冬降水量有一定量的增加；3个测站在以7月以代表的13个夏季降水序列中出现了上升趋势，还有一个测站出现了下降趋势，说明新疆北部地区夏季降水在1961-1997年间有少量的增加，并且降水变化趋势存在一定的地区差异。 相似文献
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Sheng-I Hsu 《The Professional geographer》1984,36(2):196-200
Long-term minimum temperature records at climatic stations in the metropolitan Phoenix area present evidence of changes attributed to the urbanization process. The winter mean minimum temperature near the city's center has increased by 2° C from the agricultural period (1901–1920) to the modern period (1961–1977) and the difference of winter mean minimum temperatures between the center of the metropolitan region and the suburban area has increased from 3° C to 4° C during the same periods. 相似文献