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黄河口海岸线演变时空特征及其与黄河来水来沙关系 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
黄河是世界上含沙量最高的河流 ,每年向河口三角洲及附近海域输送数亿吨泥沙 ,使得黄河口地区成为世界上海岸线变迁最快的地区。本文以 1976年黄河改道清水沟流路以来 2 0景多时相遥感影像为主要数据源 ,经过几何精校正与配准 ,形成相对完整时间序列的遥感影像集。在此基础上 ,对影像进行监督分类处理后自动提取海岸线 ,通过GIS叠加分析 ,剖析了现行黄河河口地区海岸线演变的时空动态特征。最后 ,结合利津水文站水文统计资料 ,探讨了黄河口海岸线演变与黄河来水来沙条件之间的关系 ,并就黄河口未来水沙条件初步预测了其演变趋势 相似文献
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为探讨鄱阳湖流域洪水过程的变化特征和规律,系统分析流域洪水量级、频率、发生时间的变化特征,利用核密度估计分析洪水发生率的非平稳性,运用月频率法评价洪水集聚性特征,并探讨低频气候因子对洪水变化的影响。研究表明：① 鄱阳湖流域各水文站点年、秋季和冬季最大洪水及POT超阈值洪水以增加趋势为主。② 洪水发生率年内集聚性显著,主要集中在4~7月;年际洪水发生次数呈现非平稳泊松分布,洪水发生率出现明显的年际集聚性特征。③ ENSO、IOD对下年洪水量级及洪水发生次数有明显影响,洪水发生次数与年最大洪水量级异常现象通常是ENSO和IOD协同作用结果。 相似文献
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Montri Choowong Sumet Phantuwongraj Thasinee Charoentitirat Vichai Chutakositkanon Sombat Yumuang Punya Charusiri 《Geomorphology》2009,104(3-4):134-142
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated the coastal areas along the Andaman western coast of Thailand and left unique physical evidence of its impact, including the erosional landforms of the pre-tsunami topography. Here we show the results from monitoring the natural recovery of beach areas at Khuk Khak and Bang Niang tidal channels of Khao Lak area, Phang-nga, Thailand. A series of satellite images before and after the tsunami event was employed for calculating the beach area and locating the position of the changed shoreline. Field surveys to follow-up the development of the post-tsunami beach area were conducted from 2005 to 2007 and the yearly beach profile was measured in 2006. As a result, the scoured beach areas where the tidal channel inlets were located underwent continuous recovery. The return of post-tsunami sediments within the beach zone was either achieved by normal wind and wave processes or during the storm surges in the rainy season. Post-2004 beach sediments were derived mainly from near offshore sources. The present situation of the beach zone has almost completed reversion back to the equilibrium stage and this has occurred within 2 years after the tsunami event. We suggest these results provide a better understanding of the geomorphological process involved in beach recovery after severe erosion such as by tsunami events. 相似文献
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A decadal historical satellite data analysis for flood hazard evaluation: A case study of Bihar (North India) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Panchagnula Manjusree Chandra Mohan Bhatt Asiya Begum Goru Srinivasa Rao Veerubhotla Bhanumurthy 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(3):308-323
Flood is one of the major recurrent natural disasters faced by the state of Bihar in north India. In the present study the authors assess the severity of flood hazard in Bihar, using 128 decadal historical satellite datasets acquired during different flood magnitudes during 1998 to 2010. The satellite‐based observations have been analysed in conjunction with the hydrological data, for assessing the frequency of inundation, severity of flood hazard and cropped land under flood hazard. This study assesses the spatial distribution of flooding and creation of systematic flood hazard database, which can be analysed from a spatial dimension in GIS. It is observed that about 24.56 lakh ha of the state's area and about 15.85 lakh ha of the cropped area are vulnerable to flood hazard. North Bihar is more vulnerable to flooding; 8 of the 10 areas identified as worst flood‐affected districts lie in this region. 相似文献
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洪水对湿地系统的作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
洪水是水流运动的一种自然现象,是河流对河滨洪泛湿地系统的一种正常的干扰。不定期的洪水干扰维持了河流与其洪泛湿地不同程度的水文连通性,成为维持河流洪泛湿地景观异质性和生态系统平衡的重要营力。作为河流极端的水文情势,排除较大规模的洪水所造成的一定的生态环境破坏和社会经济损失以外,洪水干扰对生态环境产生多方面的正效应。从洪水的生态意义角度出发,论述洪水干扰对湿地生态系统及其环境所产生的正面效应,包括洪水干扰对洪泛区湿地沉积过程的影响,促进湿地系统水循环以及对土壤发育产生影响,导致洪泛区及其湿地生态系统和景观的演替。 相似文献
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The fluvial geomorphological development of the Tagliamento River and its flooding history is analysed using historical documents and maps, remote-sensed data and hydrological information. The river has been building a complex alluvial fan starting from the middle part of its alluvial course in the Venetia–Friuli alluvial plain. The riverbed is aggrading over its entire braided length. The transition from braiding to meandering near Madrisio has shifted downstream where the river width determined by the dikes becomes narrower, causing major problems. The flood hazard concentrates at those places and zones where flooding occurred during historical times. Prior to the agrarian and industrial revolution, land use was adjusted to the flooding regime of the river. Subsequent land-use pressure led to a confinement of the river by dikes to such an extent that the flood risk in the floodplain downstream of Madrisio has increased consistently, and represents nowadays a major territorial planning issue. The planned retention basins upstream of the middle Tagliamento will alleviate the problem, but not solve it in the medium and long term. Therefore, fluvial corridors in the lower-middle parts (from Pinzano to the sea) have been identified on the basis of the flooding history in relation to fluvial development during historical times. The result should be used for hydraulic simulation studies and land-use planning. 相似文献
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In this paper, a spatiotemporal framework is developed for identifying building vulnerabilities and content evacuations during riverine flooding events. This work investigates the spatiotemporal properties required to trigger building contents evacuations in the floodplain during a flood event. The spatial properties for building risks are based on topography, flood inundation, building location, building elevation, and road access to determine five categories of vulnerability, vulnerable basement, flooded basement, vulnerable first-floor, flooded first-floor, and road access. Using this framework, a model designed to track the spatiotemporal patterns of building evacuations is presented. The model is based upon real-time flood forecast predictions that are linked with building properties to create a model that captures the spatiotemporal ordering of building vulnerabilities and building content evacuations. Applicable to different communities at risk from flooding, the evacuation model is applied to a historical flood for a university campus, demonstrating how the defined elements are used to derive a pattern of vulnerability and evacuation for a campus threatened by severe flooding. 相似文献
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STEPHEN YEO 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(2):195-209
A survey of 71 caravan parks in coastal NSW indicates a high exposure to flooding. Most parks in NSW are flood-prone. A growing number of long-term residents in the 1980s, and essentially immovable manufactured homes in the 1990s, significantly increased flood risk. However, many parks are ill-equipped to deal with flooding: a high turnover of park managers means that most have no direct experience of floods; attitudes of denial prevail; most parks have no means of raising community flood awareness; and the process of flood response planning is patchy and of poor quality. Key strategies for the reduction of flood risk are suggested, including a more rigorous implementation of tighter regulations that better guard the health and safety of park residents, and the equipping of park managers to self-manage risk. 相似文献
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江苏里下河地区洪涝灾害演变趋势与成灾机理分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
江苏里下河地区是相对封闭的水网地区,洪涝频繁。研究该地区洪涝演变趋势和成灾机理对区域防洪减灾具有重要意义。里下河地区洪涝演变趋势表现在洪涝类型的多样性,高水位日益频繁、高水位发生机率加大,致灾暴雨频率增大等方面。在自然成因方面,流域暴雨是成灾的主要原因,锅底洼的形态是洪涝发生的地貌大背景,水系的复杂格局也加剧了洪涝的程度和频度。在人类活动方面,不合理的圩垸垦殖导致湖荡萎缩,减弱了水体调蓄能力;闸坝建设引起河道淤积、排涝能力降低致使洪水位趋高;城镇化改变下垫面性质的水文效应也是洪涝频繁的主要因素。 相似文献
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Mohammad Abdul Quader Hemal Dey Md. Abdul Malak Md. Zakiur Rahman 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2023,44(2):277-299
Floods are a frequently occurring calamity in deltaic Bangladesh. This paper aims to assess the temporal expansion of waterbodies during flooding using geospatial techniques. Several water indices were applied to classify the satellite images at various temporal scales. Among them, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) showed the highest correlation (r = 0.831; where p = 0.01) with rainfall data. Specifically, the NDWI results showed that perennial waterbodies measured 37 km2 and 60 km2 in Sunamganj District in 2017 and 2019, respectively. The area of waterbodies notably increased 52-fold from March to April (37 km2 to 1958 km2) during the pre-monsoon flash flood of 2017. During the July 2019 monsoon flood, waterbodies started to extend after May and flooded 2784 km2 in area. NDVI analysis showed that in 2019, floodwater submerged 361.7 km2 of vegetation cover. At the same time, the Surma River's flooding resulted in a 73.9 per cent inundation of the total area of the Sunamganj District. We hope that this study will provide better understanding of the varying nature of floods that occur in the low lying bowl shaped Haor region which will in turn assist the government with flood mitigation. 相似文献
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Severe flooding in the Northern Suburbs of Sydney resulting from the 8 November 1984 storm, one of the most intense recorded in Sydney, illustrated the limitations and problems of stormwater drainage in the area. Many of the flood problems can be traced to piped systems which are meant to fail (surcharge) during high intensity storms or failed because of inlet blockage. Residents do not appear to understand that such systems do fail and hence take no precautions to reduce potential losses. 相似文献
14.
黄河中游漆水河古洪水与环境演变 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Palaeoflood hydrological study is a frontal subject of global change study. Using sedimentology, geomorphology and OSL dating
methods, the typical palaeoflood slackwater deposits were studied in the Qishuihe River valley. The results showed that five
flooding episodes with 21 palaeoflood events occurred during 4300–4250 a B.P., 4250–4190 a B.P., 4190–4100 a B.P., 4100–4000
a B.P. and 3100–3010 a B.P., respectively, during the Holocene period. The palaeoflood peak discharges were calculated with
hydrological models. With a combination of the gauged flood, historical flood and palaeoflood hydrological data, the archives
of flood events were extended to over 10,000 years in the Qishuihe River valley, and the flood frequency-peak discharge relationship
curve was established accurately. These research results played important roles in mitigating flood hazard, hydraulic engineering
and also the development of water resources in the semiarid Weihe River basin. 相似文献
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中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales. 相似文献
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Palaeoflood hydrological study is a frontal subject of global change study. Using sedimentology, geomorphology and OSL dating methods, the typical palaeoflood slackwater deposits were studied in the Qishuihe River valley. The results showed that five flooding episodes with 21 palaeoflood events occurred during 4300–4250 a B.P., 4250–4190 a B.P., 4190–4100 a B.P., 4100–4000 a B.P. and 3100–3010 a B.P., respectively, during the Holocene period. The palaeoflood peak discharges were calculated with hydrological models. With a combination of the gauged flood, historical flood and palaeoflood hydrological data, the archives of flood events were extended to over 10,000 years in the Qishuihe River valley, and the flood frequency–peak discharge relationship curve was established accurately. These research results played important roles in mitigating flood hazard, hydraulic engineering and also the development of water resources in the semiarid Weihe River basin. 相似文献
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Long-term morphodynamic evolution and the equilibrium mechanism of a flood channel in the Yangtze Estuary (China) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Yong-Hong Wang Peter V. Ridd Hua-Lin Wu Jia-Xue Wu Huan-Ting Shen 《Geomorphology》2008,99(1-4):130-138
The stability of flood channels has attracted considerable attention because of their complicated interactions with the prevailing hydrodynamics and importance in ship navigation. This research examines long-term morphodynamic evolution in the Yangtze Estuary from 1861 to 2002 and the equilibrium mechanism of the Xinqiao Channel in the Yangtze Estuary by digitizing 15 selected maritime charts and calculating the volume of the channel. Although the total period of channel development is much longer than the historical data used in this paper, three stages are identified during the study period: the first embryonic stage (66 years), the second formation stage (33 years) and the third equilibrium stage (45 years). Variations in coastline location, channel volume, and hydrodynamics in the channel during the three stages indicate that the channel equilibrium was reached and maintained when the channel direction was aligned with the direction of offshore tidal wave propagation. Variations in river and sediment discharges affect erosion and deposition in the channel and thus channel geometry. However, future reduction in sediment supply by 10–33% due to the ongoing river engineering projects would increase the volume of the Xinqiao Channel only by 1–3%. It seems unlikely that the above change in sediment discharge will disrupt the equilibrium of the Xinqiao Channel. 相似文献
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