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国际上通常认可邓宁的折衷理论作为解释外商直接投资的范式,但是该范式主要是针对制造业外商直接投资提出,并不完全适用于服务业外商直接投资.随着服务业外商投资比重的日益扩大,对于服务业外资的研究成为经济学、管理学和地理学研究的热点.本文结合国际投资理论和贸易理论综述了国际上关于服务业外商直接投资区位理论的理论发展,分析了服务业外商直接投资的特点和国际化模型,比较了服务业与制造业外商直接投资的差异,探讨了服务业外商直接投资的决定因素,描绘了在华服务业外商直接投资研究现状,并展望了服务业外商直接投资的研究动向. 相似文献
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随着广东省对外开放程度的不断提升,外商直接投资已成为拉动区域经济增长的重要外部引擎,并对区域经济转型与结构调整产生显著影响。选取1979—2014年广东省外商直接投资(FDI)和生产总值(GDP)数据并构建VECM模型,采用协整检验、脉冲响应、格兰杰检验等方法研究FDI和经济增长之间的长短期关系。结果表明:长期中,广东省外商直接投资与区域经济增长间具有正向的稳定均衡关系;短期中,外商直接投资对经济增长的影响程度比较显著,成为影响广东省经济增长的重要外向型因素。 相似文献
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外商直接投资是福建具有活力和潜力的经济增长点,本文简要阐述20世纪90年代以来福建省外商直接投资的发展情况及产业结构的演变趋势,根据2004年《福建省统计年鉴》试进行外商直接投资对福建省产业结构影响的实证分析,并在此基础上,提出了进一步优化外商投资环境以吸收更多的外资,同时更应重视加强外商直接投资的产业引导,从而更有力地推动福建省产业结构的升级优化。 相似文献
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基于1990—2018年福建省统计数据,建立向量自回归模型,运用现代计量分析方法,研究福建省科技人力资本、产业结构合理化与经济增长的关系。结果表明:福建科技人力资本、产业结构合理化与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,科技人力资本和产业结构合理化是促进经济增长的重要影响因素,科技人力资本对经济增长的促进作用更大;科技人力资本对产业结构合理化具有长期显著的促进作用。基于此,从提高科技人力资本存量、保障科研经费投入、优化科技人力资本配置方面提出加快推动产业结构优化、促进经济持续快速增长的对策建议。 相似文献
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外商对华直接投资的产业与空间转移特征及其机制研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
e分析了外商对华直接投资资料与数据,并结合企业调查,揭示了改革开放以来外商对华直 接投资的发展过程以及主要外资企业在中国的发展状况,研究了外商对华直接投资空间集中、时空推移、技术含量变化、产业结构高级化等特征及形成机制。基本结论为：第一,外商对华直接投资空间高度集中,但随时间推移,从沿海向内陆、从大城市向周围地区转移,集中程度减弱;第二,技术含量逐步上升,产业结构高级化趋势明显;第三,对华直接投资的 相似文献
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能源—环境—就业三重约束下的京津冀产业结构优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地理研究》2017,(11)
区域的产业结构优化是人文—经济地理学的经典问题,也是政府宏观调控经济与资源环境协调发展的重要抓手,更是经济新常态下中国新型城镇化面临的现实问题。以京津冀城市群为案例区,采用投入产出分析,构建能源—环境—就业三重约束下的线性规划模型,纳入产业间要素流动,系统分析京津冀地区的产业结构整体优度及优化路径。研究表明:(1)在能源约束情景与综合约束情景下,天津市和河北省的能源约束相对于环境约束和就业约束更加严格。(2)在就业约束情景方案中,北京产业结构优化的方向为高端服务业,天津市应主要发展现代工业,河北省则应聚焦于发展现代工业和传统服务业。(3)在环境约束情景方案中,三地产业结构的调整应立足于降低高污染高排放的产业。(4)综合考虑以上约束条件的情景模拟,京津冀三地应根据各地经济发展优势,统筹目前各地的产业发展目标。北京应重点发展高端服务业、高新技术产业,同时转移不适宜本地发展的第一、第二产业;天津应坚持第二、第三产业并重,寻求自身优势产业;河北应改善高污染、高能耗的传统工业,完善配套的生产性服务业。 相似文献
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黄立 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2006,21(2):23-27
外商直接投资是福建具有活力和潜力的经济增长点,本文简要阐述20世纪90年代以来福建省外商直接投资的发展情况及产业结构的演变趋势,根据2004年<福建省统计年鉴>试进行外商直接投资对福建省产业结构影响的实证分析,并在此基础上,提出了进一步优化外商投资环境以吸收更多的外资,同时更应重视加强外商直接投资的产业引导,从而更有力地推动福建省产业结构的升级优化. 相似文献
8.
以我国东、中、西部有典型代表的10省市与湖南省为研究对象,设定有代表性的区位因素指标,运用灰色关联对各省市外商直接投资区位进行实证分析,通过相关因素的横向分析和对比来探讨湖南省外商直接投资区位条件。结果表明:经济规模和市场容量、区域的全球化水平和外贸依存度、信息化发展程度和基础设施状况、地理区位和区位惯性基本上决定了外商直接投资在我国的区位选择;工业化水平、劳动力成本、城市化水平、市场化程度、第三产业发展水平对外商直接投资的区位选择有一定的影响。湖南省在信息化发展水平和基础设施、人力资源、科技、第三产业发展水平上有一定的优势,劣势则表现在外贸依存度、融资能力、工业化发展水平等。 相似文献
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外商直接投资对中国沿海地区经济发展的影响 总被引：44，自引：4，他引：40
定量模型分析表明,外商直接投资和对沿海地区经济增长具显著影响,但并非是促这些地区经济增长的最主要影响变量。大企业调查表明,外资影响通过产业关联在投资地和非投资地扩散,外资对沿海地区技术水平和管理水平的提高有重要促进作用。 相似文献
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重庆市外商直接投资结构研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在经过改革开放20多年利用外商直接投资的实践历程后,人们关注的重点已经由外商直接投资的数量转向了质量。分析和研究外商直接投资的结构将是判断外商直接投资质量的重要途径之一。文章对重庆市利用外商直接投资的基本特征和地位进行了总结,并对外商直接投资的结构从5个方面进行了研究。在此基础上,提出了重庆市今后进一步积极、合理和有效地利用外商直接投资的对策建议。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
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K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献
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Chironomidae (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitudinal gradient 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The altitudinal distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the southern Canadian Cordillera was analyzed by means of head capsules preserved in surficial sediments of 30 lakes. Taxa characteristic of late-glacial deposits of southern, coastal British Columbia are extant at high elevations, particularly in the Rocky Mountains, and in large, deep, low-elevation lakes. Many chironomid taxa common at low elevations in the southern Canadian Cordillera were not found in alpine and upper subalpine lakes. These faunal differences are probably climatically related. The differences in fauna between high and low-elevation lakes parallel differences between arctic and temperate lakes. 相似文献
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MATT K. MATSUDA 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):230-243
ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography. 相似文献
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Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations. 相似文献
20.
Jean-Claude Plaziat 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(2):163-169
Potamids generally live in estuaries, lagoons, and along protected sea shores. However, their ability to colonize intracontinental lakes has been underestimated due to non- or misidentifications. Potamides conicus, the only present lacustrine Potamid currently found in North Africa, belongs to a lagoon-type (thalassoid) malacofauna, dominated by the Cardium Cerastoderma glaucum: this fauna occurs in association with Foraminifera (especially Ammonia beccarii) and Ostracoda (Cyprideis gr. Torosa). Potamids have been found 250 to 900 km from the nearest sea shore: passive dispersal (probably through birds) is the primary dispersal mechanism. Shell morphology and ornamentation can be used to characterize life environment (lacustrine versus marine) but not distance from sea shore. The presence of Potamid-Foraminifera fauna in the fossil record has been interpreted as providing evidence for a sea connection (e.g., gulfs, lagoons). However, more recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated that such assemblages span an ecological gradient from freshwater to hypersaline lacustrine environments. Thus, the occurrence of modern Potamids in lacustrine (in addition to maritime) environments has important implications for Quaternary and Tertiary paleogeographic investigations. Lacustrine Potamids have been recorded from the European Tertiary (France, Spain) and from the Sahara Holocene. More research is required for the better understanding of the distribution and ecology of Potamids in modern and fossil lakes of other continents.This publication is the fifth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr Evans is serving as Guest Editor. 相似文献