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1.
古尔班通古特沙漠植被与环境关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Gurbantunggut Desert is the largest stable and semi-stable sand desert in China, yet few data exist on vegetation pattern and species-environment relationships for these diverse desert landscapes. The sand dunes of the survey area are mainly of the longi- tudinal form from north to south, but checkerboard-shaped and honeycomb-shaped forms are also present, with the height of 10-50 m. We measured vegetation and soil data on north-south transects and compared them with vegetation and soil data on east-west transects. Analysis revealed that the varying trend and strength of the species diversity, dominance and cover of the plant communities in the longitudinal and transverse directions across the landscape are significantly different. The results of CCA ordination show that the microhabitats of soil organic matter （OM）, soil salts （TS）, sorting index （ σ ）, topsoil water-content （SM） and pH relate to the differences in vegetation observed as differences in species assemblage from salt-intolerant ephemerals, micro-subshrubs and subshrubs to salt-tolerant shrubs and micro-arbors. The terrain （alt.） and soil texture （the contents of Mz and Ф 1） affect the spatial differentiation of many species. However, this spatial differentiation is not so marked on transects running longitudinally with the landscape, in the same direction as the dunes. The species of the desert vegetation have formed three assemblages under the action of habitat gradients, relating to three sections running transversely across the landscape, at right angles to the direction of the dune crests. In the mid-east section of the study area the topography is higher, with sand-lands or dune-slopes with coarse particles. Here the dominant vegetation comprises shrubs and subshrubs of Seriphidium santofium and Ephedra distachya, with large numbers of ephemeral and ephemeroid plants of Senecio subdentatus, and Carex physodes in spring and summer. On the soil of the dune-slopes in the mid-west of the study area, with coarse partic 相似文献
2.
Burial of different growth stages of plants （e.g., adult plants, seedlings and seeds） is frequent in dune ecosystems. The soil micro-environment, which differs from surface conditions, influences the survival and growth of dune plants. To sum up knowledge about the survival mechanisms of plants under sand burial and to promote practical rehabilitation of dune vegetation, we reviewed relevant published literature and concluded that： （1） Focus in recent years has been on impacts of sand burial on seed germination and seedling emergence. Generally, shallow burial increased seed germination and seedling emergence, but deeper burial was negative. Buried at the same depth, large seeds showed higher germination and seedling emergence rates, attributed to larger energy reserves. （2） Survival, growth and reproduction rates of dune plants show plasticity in response to sand burial. Long-term deep burial is fatal because it creates a physical barrier which overcomes the vertical growth of plants, reduces photosynthetic leaf area, and limits oxygen availability to roots. Modest burial, on the other hand, is advantageous for growth and reproduction of many dune plants, due to protection from excessive temperature and drought. （3） There are few reports concerning effects of sand burial on plant physiology, but a limited number of studies indicate that partial burial increases water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates. The antioxidant protective enzyme system and osmolyte balance were reported to be involved in the mechanisms of dune plant resistance to burial. 相似文献
3.
地下水位变化对干旱区植被盖度的影响及其空间变异特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km^2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one. 相似文献
4.
HaoTian Yang LiChao Liu XinRong Li YongPing Wei YanHong Gao XiaoJun Li RongLiang Ji Lei Huang 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(5):0408-0416
Soil water repellency (SWR) is one of the most important physical properties of soils found all over the world, and it may have significant effects on the eco-hydrological processes of land ecosystems. In this study, the Capillary Rise Method was used to measure the SWR in the artificial vegetation area in Shapotou, located in the southeast area of the Tengger Desert, Ningxia Province of western China. The variation of the soil water repellency among different minor topographies, different depths and different particle sizes was analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the SWR shows distinct changes with vegetation restoration, and it increases with an increase in the period of dune stabilization. In the same vegetation area, the SWR of soils in inter-dune depressions or windward slopes is slightly greater than that in crest or leeward slopes. The SWR of 0–3 cm topsoil is significantly greater than that in the 3–6 cm soil layer. The SWR decreases with an increase in grain size and the differences among the SWRs of different sieved soil fractions are found to be significant. There is also a significantly positive correlation between the SWR and the proportion of soils with grain sizes of 0–0.05, 0.05–0.01 and 0.01–0.15 mm, and a significantly negative correlation between the SWR and the propotion of soils with grain sizes exceeding 0.15 mm. The increase of SWR in revegetation areas may depend on the continuous depositing of atmospheric dust on the stabilized dune surface as well as the formation of biological soil crusts, especially on the formation of algal and lichen crusts. Enhanced SWR influences the effectiveness of water use of sand plants inhabiting the sand dunes. 相似文献
5.
塔克拉玛干沙漠公路的流沙灾害与治理 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Reputed as a wonderful achievement of the world’s highway construction history,the Taklimakan Desert highway is nor facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447-km-long passage of sand sea consisting of crescent dunes,barchan chains,compound transverse dune ridges and complex megadunes.To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sang drift encroachment,desert experts have been conducting the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws;causes,severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages;and control ways including mechanical,chemical and biological measures.In this paper the authors give an overall summry on the research contents and recent progress in the control of sand drift damages in China and hold that the theoretical researc results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encroachment on the cross-desert highway represnt a breakthrough and has an cpoch-making significance.Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water,what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectively halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently. 相似文献
6.
30年来呼伦贝尔地区草地植被对气候变化的响应(英文) 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Global warming has led to significant vegetation changes especially in the past 20 years. Hulun Buir Grassland in Inner Mongolia, one of the world’s three prairies, is undergoing a process of prominent warming and drying. It is essential to investigate the effects of climatic change (temperature and precipitation) on vegetation dynamics for a better understanding of climatic change. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), reflecting characteristics of plant growth, vegetation coverage and biomass, is used as an indicator to monitor vegetation changes. GIMMS NDVI from 1981 to 2006 and MODIS NDVI from 2000 to 2009 were adopted and integrated in this study to extract the time series characteristics of vegetation changes in Hulun Buir Grassland. The responses of vegetation coverage to climatic change on the yearly, seasonal and monthly scales were analyzed combined with temperature and precipitation data of seven meteorological sites. In the past 30 years, vegetation coverage was more correlated with climatic factors, and the correlations were dependent on the time scales. On an inter-annual scale, vegetation change was better correlated with precipitation, suggesting that rainfall was the main factor for driving vegetation changes. On a seasonal-interannual scale, correlations between vegetation coverage change and climatic factors showed that the sensitivity of vegetation growth to the aqueous and thermal condition changes was different in different seasons. The sensitivity of vegetation growth to temperature in summers was higher than in the other seasons, while its sensitivity to rainfall in both summers and autumns was higher, especially in summers. On a monthly-interannual scale, correlations between vegetation coverage change and climatic factors during growth seasons showed that the response of vegetation changes to temperature in both April and May was stronger. This indicates that the temperature effect occurs in the early stage of vegetation growth. Correlations between vegetation growth and precipitation of the month before the current month, were better from May to August, showing a hysteresis response of vegetation growth to rainfall. Grasses get green and begin to grow in April, and the impacts of temperature on grass growth are obvious. The increase of NDVI in April may be due to climatic warming that leads to an advanced growth season. In summary, relationships between monthly-interannual variations of vegetation coverage and climatic factors represent the temporal rhythm controls of temperature and precipitation on grass growth largely. 相似文献
7.
海南岛西海岸沙丘形成动力过程的风洞模拟试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The western coast of Hainan Island exhibits a savanna landscape. Many types of sand dunes, including transverse dune ridges, longitudinal dune ridges, elliptical dunes, coppice dunes, and climbing dunes, are widely distributed in the coastal zone. In winter, high-frequency and high-energy NE winds (dominant winds) are prevalent, with a resultant drift direction (RDD) of S35.6°W. In spring, low-frequency and low-energy SW secondary winds prevail, with a RDD of N25.1°E. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the airflow over the dune surface is the main factor controlling the erosion and deposition patterns of dune surfaces and the morphological development of dunes. In the region’s bidirectional wind en- vironment, with two seasonally distinct energy levels, the airflow over the surface of elliptical dunes, barchan dunes, and transverse dune ridges will exhibit a transverse pattern, whereas the airflow over longitudinal dunes ridges exhibits a lateral pattern and that over climbing dunes exhibits a climbing-circumfluent pattern. These patterns represent different dynamic processes. The coastal dunes on the western coast of Hainan Island are influenced by factors such as onshore winds, sand sources, coastal slopes, rivers, and forest shelter belts. The source of the sand that supplements these dunes particularly influences the development pattern: when there is more sand, the pattern shows positive equilibrium deposition between dune ridges and dunes; otherwise, it shows negative equilibrium deposition. The presence or absence of forest shelter belts also influences deposition and dune development patterns and transformation of dune forms. Coastal dunes and inland desert dunes experience similar dynamic processes, but the former have more diversified shapes and more complex formation mechanisms. 相似文献
8.
呼伦贝尔沙地沙丘砂来源的定量分析--逐步判别分析(SDA)在粒度分析方面的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Quantltatively determining the sources of dune sand uis one of the problems necessarily and urgently to be solved in aeolian landforms and desertification research. Based on the granulometric data of sand materials from the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, the paper employs the stepwise discriminant analysis technique (SDA) for two groups to select the principal factors determining the differences between surface loose sediments. The extent of similarity between two statistical populations can be described quantitatively by three factors such as the number of principal variables, Mahalanobis distance D^2 and confidence level α for F-test. Results reveal that: 1) Aeolian dune sand in the region mainly derives from Hailar Formation (Q3), while fluvial sand and palaeosol also supply partially source sand for dunes; and 2) in the vicinity of Cuogang Town and west of the broad valley of the lower reaches of Hailar River, fluvial sand can naturally become principal supplier for dune sand. 相似文献
9.
In the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land of northern China, land desertification is the main causation in vegetation degradation and formation of moving dunes. A study was conducted from 1996 to 2005 to monitor the changes of vegetation characteristics and soil properties after moving dunes were fenced. The changes were compared between moving sand dunes with exclosure and without exclosure to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation and soil restoration after exclosure establishment. The results show that exlosure establishment facilitated the colonization and development of plant species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Species diversity, average coverage, and plant density significantly increased after exclosure of moving sand dunes along sequence compared with sand dunes without exclosure. Vegetation recovery on moving sand dunes accelerated by exclosure resulted in significant changes in soil properties including increased silt and clay contents, organic C and total N and decreased sand content, especially at the 0-5 cm depth. The results implied that moving sand dunes can be rapidly fixed by construction of exclosure. 相似文献
10.
Soil-plant systems play an important role in sand fixing and surface protection in the arid desert of China. This study examines the ecohydrological responses after a soil-plant system change for mobile dune stabilization by using a series of soil hydrological experiments and ecological investigation. The study results showed that decades of succession of soil-plant system has endangered the stability of the protection system. With the accumulated water and nutrient, a bio-logical system develops in a thinner and thinner surface soil. Redistribution of precipitation has changed completely in the ecosystem. In 3-15 mm of soil, a high capacity of crust water retention ultimately limits most rainfall from infiltrating below 10-20 cm deep. When that takes place, lower plants begin to compete for water with grasses and shrubs. A drought horizon forms in 20-500 cm depth with shrub transpiration. Artificial shrubs with deep roots obtain hardly rainfall supply and are gradually eliminated from the protection system. All changes in water environment affect the structure and func-tion and stabilization of whole protection systems. It is necessary to establish a relatively stable water environment by managing the soil-plant system for constructing a sustainable protective system in arid desert. 相似文献
11.
Based on systematically monitoring plants on dune ridges in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert in 2002, this paper, from the angle of dune stabilization by vegetation, describes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of ephemeral plants on isolated sand dunes, analyses the natural invasion processes of ephemeral plants on human-disturbed sand surface and expounds the importance of ephemeral plants in stabilizing sand dune surface. A total of 45 plant species were identified in the study area, 29 of which are ephemeral plants. Ephemeral plants sprouted in early April and completed their life-circle within about two months. Just as aeolian sand activities came to the strongest stage from April to June in desert regions of northern Xinjiang, the total coverage of trees, shrubs and herbs of long vegetational period on most dune ridges was less than 10%, while the mean coverage of ephemeral plants reached 13.9% in April, 40.2% in May and 14.1% in June. Therefore ephemeral plants acted as the major contributor to dune surface stabilization in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Investigations of vegetation restoration on engineering-disturbed dune surface show that ephemeral plants first recolonized the disturbed dune surface. 相似文献
12.
古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布 及其沙面稳定意义 总被引：64，自引：1，他引：63
从植被稳定沙面的角度出发,通过2002年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄表面植物种类、高度和盖度等的系统监测,阐明短命植物在单个沙丘上的时空分布规律。并对气象资料和人类活动扰动沙面后短命植物的自然侵入等进行综合分析,探讨沙面稳定中短命植物的重要作用。研究区总计有45种植物,其中短命植物29种。4月初短命植物萌动出土,在两个月左右的时间完成整个生长发育过程。4、5、6三个月正是北疆沙漠风沙活动强盛期,大部分沙垄表面乔灌木和长营养期草本植物盖度不足10%,而短命植物盖度则分别达到13.9%、40.2% 和14.1%,是古尔班通古特沙漠植被稳定沙面的主要贡献者。对工程行为扰动沙面后的植物恢复调查显示,短命植物是首先入侵的先锋植物。 相似文献
13.
放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部半固定沙垄地表性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Intensive grazing in spring-summer has been responsible for environmental deg- radation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring-summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10-40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring-summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Mean- while the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring-summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% re- spectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring--summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring-summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China. 相似文献
14.
Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China. 相似文献
15.
放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部 沙垄地表性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别于2002 年和2005 年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部的同一条半固定沙垄, 进行了放牧前后的地表覆盖(包括植物和生物结皮)、沙面活动强度和土壤理化性质的系统监测和研究。 主要结论如下: 2002 年, 自然沙垄80%以上的地表被植物和生物结皮所覆盖, 除沙垄顶部外, 其他部位基本处于稳定状态。2005 年受放牧干扰的影响, 生物结皮破损率达到80%以上, 同期植物覆盖不及2002 年的1/5, 特别是短命植物变化最明显。2005 年输沙势只有2002 年的1/3, 但沙面活动强度是2002 年的2.6 倍, 活动区域也从垄顶部扩展至整个沙垄表面。 放牧后地表组成物中的中沙含量增加了13.9%, 而细沙和极细沙含量分别减少了7.4%和 8.0%, 沙垄各部位有机质含量在放牧后一个风季即下降了近1/2。可见, 放牧造成地表保护条件的多重损害, 使沙漠地表稳定性趋于丧失。其细粒物质及有机质的大量流失, 也将对我国温带荒漠生态系统的可持续发展产生重要影响。 相似文献
16.
Xueqin Wang Yuanming Zhang Jin Jiang Weikang Yang Hongxu Guo Yongfeng Hu 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(3):299-308
Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent
years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on
the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80%
of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune
and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer
grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of
that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only
reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the
mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002,
medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4%
and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the
presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer
grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert
and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine
sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of
the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.
Foundation: National Basic Research Program of China, No.2009CB421303; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771032; National
Science Supporting Program, No.2007BAC17B03
Author: Wang Xueqin (1964–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in aeolian sand geomorphology, desertification and its control. 相似文献
17.
古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮小尺度分异的环境特征 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
古尔班通古特沙漠广泛存在的生物结皮,对地貌部位有极强的选择性分布,其实质是生物对环境条件综合适应的一种生态表现。2002年3~11月在个体沙丘表面初步开展了生物结皮类型小尺度环境分异规律研究。结果表明:苔藓结皮、地衣结皮和藻类结皮依次分布于垄间、沙垄两坡中部和坡上部,从垄间往垄顶,生物结皮盖度逐渐减小,厚度变薄,抗压性减弱。苔藓结皮分布区的物质组成以细沙和极细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在5%以上,短命植物广泛发育,基质稳定;坡中部的地衣结皮分布区以细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在4%左右,短命植物亦有广泛分布,地表受风沙活动影响较小;沙垄上部和顶部的藻类结皮分布区,是沙垄表面活动性最强和土壤水分最差的区域,物质组成以中沙为主,高等植物中白梭梭为优势种,可见藻结皮是三类结皮中最能适应恶劣环境的生物结皮类型。 相似文献
18.
古尔班通古特沙漠南部防护体系建成10 a来的生境变化与植物自然定居 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于2000—2009年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部防护体系内的生境变化与自然定居植物进行了系统观测和研究。结果表明,草方格及人工植被相结合的综合防护体系可以有效固定重大工程扰动地表。防护体系建成初期,土壤水分条件好于原始地表,为人工林的生长和植物自然定居创造了良好条件。防护体系建成10 a后,土壤理化性质得到有效改善,普遍形成了地衣结皮,但土壤水分出现了减少的趋势。在未经扰动的原始地表,总计有植物48种,其中短命植物30种。防护体系建成初期自然定居植物仅有8种,10 a后多达33种,其中短命植物达到21种。定居植物多度由初期的1.4株·m-2增加到10 a后的14株·m-2,其中短命植物占到自然定居植物总株数的85％,很少观测到自然定居的乔灌木。自然定居植物呈明显的差异性分布,与风向对种源的影响密切相关。随着草本植物的进入、生物结皮的形成和土壤水分的减少,人工植被的稳定性问题尚需进一步研究和探讨。 相似文献
19.
腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被盖度月变化特征及生态恢复 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
研究表明:封育区植被盖度一年四季大于未封育区,在正常年份的生长季内前者植被盖度为17.89%~29.39%,后者为11.60%~16.05%。封育区和未封育区150 m样线上的灌木植物在70~90株(丛)和60~70株（丛）之间,基本保持稳定;草本植物个体数月变化则显著,未封育区从4月份以后数量递增, 7、8月显著增加,8月底达到最大值,而封育区则表现为4、 5月增加,6月减少,7、8、9月线性增加,达到最大值,且未封育区草本植物的数量少于封育区。未封育区由于植被盖度低,灌丛分布不均匀,沙面裸露多,地面风沙流活动强烈,白刺沙包风蚀严重;而封育区植被盖度较大,灌丛分布较均匀,风沙流活动弱,白刺沙包稳定,形成了较为稳定的自然植被生态系统。试验表明,在当地气候和地理条件下,通过封育或避免人为干预,荒漠区生态植被的自然恢复,可大大增加防风固沙能力,改善当地的生态环境。 相似文献
20.
不同固沙区结皮中微生物生物量和数量的比较研究 总被引：30，自引：16，他引：14
沙地生态系统是温带干旱区、半干旱区的重要草地类型, 沙地的稳定性是生态系统健康的重要条件。在中国科学院沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 笔者对不同程度固沙区结皮和流动沙丘表层中的微生物生物量和数量进行了比较研究。结果表明: 自然和人工植被固沙区结皮及流沙表层的微生物数量分布不同, 细菌数量比真菌和放线菌数量多数百倍, 在所有微生物类群中, 细菌数量最大, 微生物总数的变化取决于好气性细菌数量的多少, 但生物量却与之不同。在不同程度固沙区结皮中, 微生物生物量大小依次排列为: 自然植被区>1956年人工植被区>1964年人工植被区>1982年人工植被区>流沙区, 微生物生物量在自然植被固沙区中最多, 分别是1956年、1964年、1982年人工植被固沙区和流沙区的2.63、4.17、9.25和44.29倍, 表明微生物生物量随人工植被的栽植年代增加而增大, 在流动沙丘中最小, 而菌丝生物量方面是1956年人工植被固沙区已与自然植被固沙区十分接近。微生物生物量和数量与沙丘固定程度、人工植被栽植年代、结皮厚度、苔藓种类等均呈正相关, 人工植被栽植年代越长, 结皮越厚、微生物生物量和数量也越大。在不同年代人工植被固沙区结皮中, 微生物生物量和数量与相对稳定的自然植被固沙区相比, 仍未达到稳定状态。 相似文献