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目的 研究枸骨Ilex cornuta叶的化学成分.方法 利用硅胶、凝胶等柱色谱和半制备高效液相色谱对枸骨叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,利用光谱数据结合理化性质鉴定其结构.结果 分离得到了12个化合物,分别鉴定为(2R,3S,4S)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(5-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-01(1)、大黄素甲醚(2)、11-酮基-α-香树脂棕榈酸酯(3)、羽扇豆醇(4)、30-醛基羽扇豆醇(5)、乌索醇(6)、3β-羟基-乌索-11-烯-13β(28)-内酯(7)、乌索酸(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、胡萝卜苷(10)、坡模酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、长梗冬青苷(12).结论 化合物1和2为首次从冬青属中分离得到,化合物11和12为首次从该植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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目的 研究银莲花Anemone cathayensis的化学成分.方法 采用溶剂法进行提取和萃取,采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果 从银莲花中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、4, 7-二-甲氧基-5-甲基香豆素(2)、3β-甲氧基-齐敦果-11-酮-18-烯(3)、α-香树脂醇(4)、28-羟基-齐敦果-12-烯-3,11--酮(5)、熊果酸(6)、28-羟基-α-香树脂醇(7)、青钱柳酸B(8)、2α,23-二羟基-熊果酸(9)、β-胡萝卜苷(10)、槲皮素-7-O-鼠李糖苷(11).结论 化合物1～11均为首次从该植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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目的 研究蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var,mongholicus的化学成分.方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、ODS柱色谱及制备高效液相等色谱技术对蒙古黄芪70％乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据理化数据和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 共分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为芒柄花素(1)、毛蕊异黄酮(2)、(6aR,11aR)-3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(3)、染料木素(4)、芒柄花苷(5)、毛蕊异黄酮苷(6)、7,2＇-二羟基-3＇,4＇-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、(6aR,11aR)-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、红车轴草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、黄芪甲苷(10)、异黄芪皂苷Ⅱ (11)、黄芪皂苷Ⅷ (12)、腺嘌呤(13)、鸟嘌呤核苷(14)、尿嘧啶核苷(15)、胡萝卜苷(16).结论 化合物13、14为首次从该属植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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本文研究了南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物中烷基环己烷、烷基苯、胡萝卜烷、甾烯和萜烷化合物的分布特征。烷基环己烷的母源物质主要是海洋生物，并混有陆源物。Ｇ－１５站和Ｇ－３２站的烷基苯以Ｃ１２烷基苯为主，碳数范围在Ｃ１１～Ｃ２４；而Ｇ－２５站以Ｃ２１烷基苯占优势，不含有Ｃ１７和Ｃ１９～２０烷基苯化合物。胡萝卜烷主要为β－胡萝卜烷，并含有全氢化β－胡萝卜素，甾烯化合物中检出２４－乙基胆甾－５－烯、甾二烯和胆甾－５－烯。萜烷化合物中的二环倍半萜碳数范围在Ｃ１７～Ｃ２１；羊毛甾烷分别为Ｃ３０８β（Ｈ）、９α（Ｈ）－羊毛甾烷、Ｃ３１的２４－甲基羊毛甾烷和Ｃ３２的２４－乙基羊毛甾烷。ββ构型的Ｃ２９１７β（Ｈ），２１β（Ｈ）－３０－降藿烷、Ｃ３０１７β（Ｈ），２１β（Ｈ）－藿烷和Ｃ３１１７β（Ｈ），２１β（Ｈ）－升藿烷等化合物的存在，表明布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物有机质的低成熟度。 相似文献
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采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析和HPLC等色谱技术,对极地真菌Articulospora sp.Z1-1和Penicilliumsp.S-1-10的发酵液提取物进行分离纯化,共得到9个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱学分析并与相关文献比对,确定化合物结构为3,7-二羟基-9-甲氧基-1-甲基-苯并[c]色烯-6-酮(1),1,4-二羟基甲苯(2),间羟基苄醇(3),对羟基苯乙醇(4),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5),1,7-二羟基-3-羟甲基-8-甲氧基-二苯并[b,e]氧杂卓-13,14-二酮(6),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(7),4-十三烷基-苯甲醛(8)和(Z)-7-十四烯酸(9)。其中,化合物1—6首次从Articulospora sp.属真菌中获得,化合物8为新天然产物。化合物1和4被证明具有抑制稻瘟霉的作用,化合物2有较好的抗菌和细胞毒活性,化合物3有较强的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
6.
目的 研究醒脑静中环烯醚萜苷类有效成分栀子苷和京尼平龙胆双糖苷大鼠鼻腔吸收特性及其相关性.方法 以体积校正法,采用改良的大鼠在体鼻循环模型研究栀子提取物单用、与酶脑静中冰片、麝香分别配伍及醒脑静全方配伍后栀子苷及京尼平龙胆双糖苷在大鼠鼻腔的吸收.结果 栀子提取物中环烯醚萜苷类代表成分栀子苷和京尼平龙胆双糖苷的大鼠鼻腔吸收符合一级速率过程,为被动吸收.艾片、合成冰片及醒脑静全方配伍可促进栀子苷及京尼平龙胆双糖苷大鼠鼻腔吸收,人工麝香无显著促进作用.在小同配伍条件下两种成分的鼻腔吸收系数相关性良好,线性回归方程为K京尼平龙胆双糖苷=0.792 1K栀子苷+0.236 7(r=0.976 0).结论 醒脑静组方配伍可显著提高栀子苷及京尼平龙胆双糖苷的鼻腔吸收,方中环烯醚萜苷类成分具有相似的鼻腔吸收特性. 相似文献
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用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析法分析了南极普里兹湾5个站位表层沉积物中多种生物标志物,探讨了其生态环境指示意义。结果显示:(1)湾内中心区总类脂物含量最高(1 193μg·g-1),埃默里冰架区次之(572μg·g-1),陆坡区最低(341μg·g-1),且与沉积有机碳、总糖、生物硅、菜籽甾醇、表层海水叶绿素a等参数显著正相关(p0.1),表明底层有机质与上层水体浮游植物密切相关;(2)C27甾烷含量与C28甾烷显著负相关(p0.01),指示着晶磷虾与硅藻的食物链关系;(3)相对较高的饱和烃/芳烃比值(2.5)、较低的Pr/C17(0.5)和Pr/Ph(2)证明沉积有机质主要来源于硅藻等浮游植物,同时饱和烃双峰群(C17或C18和C29)的存在及较高含量的C29甾烷(35.79%)指示外域有机质输入,且湾中心区的(CPI=1.60,Pr/Ph=0.69)要高于陆坡区和冰架区(CPI=1.01,Pr/Ph=0.39);(4)湾内中心区和冰架区脂肪酸C18:2/C18:0平均比值(0.78)要高于陆坡区(0.23)和低纬度地区(0.1),表明南极夏季普里兹湾陆坡区的表层海水温度要高于湾中心区和冰架区。 相似文献
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《地理研究》2015,(6)
为研究林线种群对气候变化的差异性响应方式,以长白山西坡林线为研究区,选择4个样地(220个样方)内牛皮杜鹃与小叶章为研究对象,以盖度和生长高度为指标,地形坡度为影响因素,对两种植物的扩张程度与动态对比进行分析,利用常规统计法分析牛皮杜鹃与小叶章向苔原扩张的态势,多种数学方程结合逐步剔除回归等方法分析两种植物在扩张时的相互关系。结果表明在气温上升的条件下,林线牛皮杜鹃与小叶章的盖度与生长高度都很大(盖度之和79%),是林线上移的主力。在坡度较小(5°)和较大(42°)时,小叶章通过生长高度的优势排挤牛皮杜鹃成为唯一优势种,而在坡度12°~42°之间牛皮杜鹃又排斥小叶章成为占据这一坡度范围的主力。 相似文献
10.
中国第二次北极科学考察期间(2003年7-9月)于加拿大海盆采集了9个站位的水样,用于氟氯烃(CFCs)的分析。结果表明加拿大海盆表层水中的CFC-11浓度最高为6.70pmol/kg,CCl4浓度最高为9.62pmol/kg,但均未达到饱和状态。二者在表层水中的饱和度分别在70.54%-84.70%和76.54%-91.53%之间,这可能与海冰覆盖和低CFCs浓度的太平洋水的入侵有关。在2000m深度仍存在相当浓度的氟氯烃,这表明加拿大海盆深层水与外界水体存在交换更新。氟氯烃的垂直分布进一步证实了加拿大海盆水团呈层状的垂直分布结构。同时采用pCFC-11、pCCl4测年法对各水团年龄进行了估算。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
14.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
15.
《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
17.
HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
18.
P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献