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1.
囊谦盆地晚始新世贡觉组厚层红色含膏盐粉砂质泥岩是研究青藏高原始新世古气候演化和含膏盐沉积环境的良好素材。采集囊谦盆地贡觉组约257 m含膏盐地层的碎屑沉积物,研究其粘土矿物成分和组合特征及气候与沉积环境变化。结果显示,粘土矿物主要以伊利石(52.1%)为主,其次为绿泥石(8.1%)和高岭石(3.5%)。根据岩性特征及粘土矿物组合变化,剖面自下而上可划分为3个阶段,分别指示了暖湿—低盐度、冷干—高盐度、较暖湿—低盐度的气候和沉积环境。贡觉组气候与沉积环境受到青藏高原地区干湿交替变化大背景的影响。  相似文献   

2.
库姆塔格沙漠第四纪孢粉及古环境探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据92°经线上南北2个典型剖面的孢粉分析,结合剖面岩性特征和地层年代的测定,对库姆塔格沙漠第四纪环境进行探讨。结果表明:沙漠地层沉积特征不同,剖面孢粉种类、数量差异较大。南部ZH剖面长期受季节性洪水冲击而成,地层孢粉含量相对贫乏,只有21科属植物183粒孢粉,孢粉组成以藜科、禾本科为主,属典型的荒漠植被和草原荒漠植被类型;北部沙漠干湖盆剖面地层沉积包括了上游的冲积、洪积物和沙漠北部的风成相沉积物,地层剖面孢粉有39个科属植物孢粉1 767粒,孢粉以荒漠植被藜科占优势,并涵盖有莎草科、黑三棱属等湿生草甸类植物花粉。库姆塔格沙漠第四纪环境经历了干热、干湿交替到干旱的变化过程,代表干旱环境的藜科植物孢粉含量由南部的30.6%增至北部的50.5%,早期的ZH剖面曾出现过多次干湿交替的变化过程,表征干旱环境的麻黄属/蒿属比值在1.0%~2.0%之间变化,晚期的沙漠干湖盆剖面至少出现过一次干旱化过程,麻黄属/蒿属比值为1.80%。依次推断库姆塔格沙漠自第四纪以干旱环境为主,干旱化程度总体在加剧。  相似文献   

3.
昌都地区盐泉水化学特征与找钾研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
昌都地区发育有大量的膏盐、白云石及菱镁矿,研究其区域成钾潜力意义重大。在对昌都盆地蒸发岩矿点实地考察过程中,共采集12个盐泉水样及2个泉水样。通过常微量元素及水化学特征系数研究,查明研究区盐泉水水化学类型为氯化物型和硫酸钠亚型,属于岩盐溶滤成因,溶滤了大量的石盐和少量的碳酸盐岩及硫酸盐岩,纳西盐井盐泉水同时还受深部循环水的影响。昌都地区盐泉水样中Na、Cl含量及矿化度由北向南逐渐降低,Br、Li、B含量较低,整体上呈现以贡觉为中心,向北、向南逐渐增高的变化趋势。研究区盐泉水具有内陆盐湖性质,北部含盐地层更具海相成因特征,盆地由北至南从海相沉积环境逐渐过渡为内陆海沉积环境,受陆表水影响愈大。研究表明,类乌齐含盐地层经历了最强烈的浓缩蒸发及岩盐溶滤作用,其浓缩阶段晚于纳西及贡觉含盐带,其成钾潜力同样也优于纳西及贡觉含盐带,可作为钾盐矿异常点。贡觉和纳西含盐地层在不同程度上受到了陆表水的影响。综合对比前人研究成果,发现囊谦—昌都—兰坪盆地自北向南,成钾潜力逐渐变优。  相似文献   

4.
西藏昌都地区发育有大量的膏盐、白云石及菱镁矿,研究其区域成钾潜力意义重大。在对昌都盆地蒸发岩矿点实地考察过程中,共采集了12个盐泉水样及2个泉水样。通过常微量元素及水化学特征系数研究,查明研究区盐泉水水化学类型为氯化物型和硫酸钠亚型,属于岩盐溶滤成因,溶滤了大量的石盐和少量的碳酸盐岩及硫酸盐岩,纳西盐井盐泉水同时还受深部循环水的影响。昌都地区盐泉水样中Na+、Cl-含量及矿化度由北向南逐渐降低,Br、Li、B含量较低,整体上呈现以贡觉为中心,向北、向南逐渐增高的变化趋势。研究区盐泉水具有内陆盐湖性质,北部含盐地层更具海相成因特征,盆地由北至南从海相沉积环境逐渐过度为内陆海沉积环境,受陆表水影响越大。研究表明,类乌齐含盐地层经历了最强烈的浓缩蒸发及盐岩溶滤作用,其浓缩阶段晚于纳西及贡觉含盐带,其成钾潜力同样也优于纳西及贡觉含盐带,可作为钾盐矿异常点。贡觉和纳西含盐地层在不同程度上受到了陆表水的影响。综合对比前人研究成果,发现囊谦—昌都—兰坪盆地自北向南,成钾潜力逐渐变优。  相似文献   

5.
西藏南羌塘盆地重要湖盆孢粉组合与环境意义   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对南羌塘盆地内流湖盆区多个湖盆晚更新世—全新世地层孢粉组合进行分析,采用蒿属(Artemisia)与藜科(Chenopodiaceae)比值(A/C值)和麻黄(Ephedra)、藜科、蒿属含量变化趋势分析,恢复了该地区的植被与气候变化特征,总结了3个钻孔和区域上湖盆环境干湿度变化规律:扎仓茶卡湖盆南侧、搭拉不错湖盆南侧,呈针阔叶混交森林草原植被,气候总体温暖湿润;别若则错湖盆西侧,呈针阔叶混交疏林植被,气候总体较寒冷干燥。区域上由西向东干燥程度逐渐加强,佐证了通过孢粉组合分析得出的气候变化特征。此次成果对南羌塘盆地湖盆区气候演变趋势具有重要的研究意义。  相似文献   

6.
柴达木盆地天青石资源极为丰富,已发现有大风山、碱山、尖顶山等大型天青石矿床。通过元素分析、元素相关性分析、矿物组合分析等方法与手段,对柴达木盆地天青石矿区矿物特点及元素地球化学特征进行了研究。得到如下结论:大风山矿区以天青石—方解石—镁方解石矿物组合为主,矿物品位均值为59%;碱山矿区以天青石—文石矿物组合为主,矿物品位均值为39.6%;石膏、白云石在各矿区矿物均有分布,且含量较低。石膏与天青石成正相关关系,白云石的存在对天青石成矿来说是不利因素,铁白云石、文石和镁方解石的普遍存在可说明该区矿物成矿温度较高。Sr与S成正相关关系,证明Sr主要以天青石(硫酸锶)形式存在,锶与镁、钙成非线性关系,锶含量高则钙含量低,钙主要赋存在石膏中,而非方解石中。Sr/Ba比值、Sr/Cu比值分析表明该矿区经历过长期干旱的环境,Mg/Ca比值分析表明该区天青石成矿过程中微生物对其成矿作用起到了非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

7.
中坝遗址地层的Cr/Cu值对干湿环境的指示意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
将中坝遗址5ka以来连续沉积地层按文化序列分为12层,分别测量Rb、Sr和Cr、Cu含量,对比显示,Cr/Cu比值与Rb/Sr比值明显正相关。Cr与Rb的属性相似,Cr化学活性低,易于在粉砂质沉积物中富集;而Cu和Sr在成壤过程中容易迁移,在粘土质沉积层中含量较高。通过对Cr、Cu元素在表生环境下的化学性质、沉积地层的属性、微地貌特征、与泥炭腐殖化度古里雅冰芯氧同位素曲线等指标对比表明,Cr/Cu比值变化对环境干湿变化的指示具有普遍意义。  相似文献   

8.
国内外红层分布及其地貌发育的对比研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解全球红层的时空分布规律及其地貌发育的差异,对国内外红层的分布、形成年代、地质构造背景、古地理环境、岩性和地貌特征等进行了对比研究。结果表明:国内红层主要分布于东南、西南、西北等地区,形成年代主要为中生代,尤以白垩纪为主,构造环境主要为古陆块活化时形成的断陷/拗陷盆地;沉积环境几乎全部为陆相,形成于干旱或半干旱古气候条件;岩性复杂,兼具砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩,发育了丹霞地貌、红层高原、红层山地和红层丘陵等多种地貌类型。国外红层的形成年代跨度很大,从前寒武纪到新近纪均有发育,呈现出从老陆块向新陆块扩展的趋势;构造环境分为山前/山间拗陷堆积、地台拗陷堆积、裂谷盆地堆积和弧后盆地堆积;沉积环境以陆相为主,兼具滨-浅海相和海陆过渡相,也形成于干旱、半干旱气候;岩性以砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩为主,砾岩较少;发育的地貌类型相对单一。  相似文献   

9.
以昌都—兰坪—思茅盆地及呵叻盆地含盐带盐类沉积为研究对象,在分析总结前人研究成果的基础上,通过系统的大地构造学、矿床学、地球化学等研究方法,总结和研究了该区含钾蒸发岩矿床的矿床特征,提出了新的成矿模式。研究表明,兰坪—思茅盆地和呵叻盆地的含钾蒸发岩矿床为"海源陆相"成因,即在陆相环境下与海水的变异有关。该矿床缺失正常海水蒸发浓缩而形成的硫酸盐沉积,同时,矿床中少量菱镁矿等自生矿物的出现无法用正常海水蒸发理论解释。矿床中少量溢晶石等矿物的出现预示着该矿床富钙。兰坪—思茅盆地内广泛发育了白垩纪蒸发岩系(勐野井组或云龙组),江城地区甚至沉积了小型钾盐矿床。同位素和微量元素的研究表明,该区蒸发岩矿床为海相成因,Rb和Br的含量变化指示海水从北部兰坪侵入到呵叻。昌都及兰坪地区的白垩纪石膏硫、锶同位素研究表明,该区大套的硫酸盐沉积为海相成因,物源研究成果揭示思茅盆地的物源可能来自东羌塘地区,预示着昌都地区的硫酸盐沉积跟兰坪—思茅盆地的蒸发岩沉积具有同源性。通过上述研究,提出了多级盆地海水迁移变质成盐成钾模式。  相似文献   

10.
沙漠古气候重建对于了解区域古气候演变具有重要意义。通过以巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘巴润宝日陶勒盖(BRBG)剖面为研究对象,进行全样地球化学、分组分分粒级元素地球化学及Sr同位素分析,重建该地区末次冰期期间(66.8~41.0 ka)的气候演化模式。研究表明:66.8~41.0 ka呈现残留组分高Sr/Ca值、酸溶组分及残留组分低Ba含量特征,指示化学风化增强及湖泊补给量增加,反映暖湿气候特征。微量元素变化特征指示沉积物细粒组分中的微量元素指标对气候的敏感度高于粗粒组分。Sr同位素结果显示酸溶组分中87Sr/86Sr值在66.8 ka附近达到最大值,可能与湖水盐度升高相关。此外,几乎所有指标均指示在41.0 ka前后存在一次气候突变事件,研究认为巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘41.0 ka前后从暖湿突变为干冷气候可能是该时期的西伯利亚高压系统增强所致。  相似文献   

11.
The upper Campanian–Lower Eocene synorogenic sedimentary wedge of the Ranchería Basin was deposited in an intraplate basin resting on a tilted continental crustal block that was deformed by collision and subsequent subduction of the Caribbean Plate. Upper Cretaceous–Lower Eocene strata rest unconformably upon Jurassic igneous rocks of the Santa Marta Massif, with no major thrust faults separating the Santa Marta Massif from the Ranchería Basin. The upper Campanian–Lower Eocene succession includes, from base to top: foraminifera‐rich calcareous mudstone, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic strata and mudstone, coal and immature fluvial sandstone beds. Diachronous collision and eastward tilting of the plate margin (Santa Marta Massif and Central Cordillera) favoured the generation of accommodation space in a continuous intraplate basin (Ranchería, Cesar and western Maracaibo) during the Maastrichtian to Late Palaeocene. Terrigenous detritus from the distal colliding margin filled the western segments of the continuous intraplate basin (Ranchería and Cesar Basins); in the Late Paleocene, continental depositional systems migrated eastwards as far as the western Maracaibo Basin. In Early Eocene time, reactivation of former extensional structures fragmented the intraplate basin into the Ranchería‐Cesar Basins to the west, and the western Maracaibo Basin and Palmar High to the East. This scenario of continent–oceanic arc collision, crustal‐scale tilting, intraplate basin generation and fault reactivation may apply for Upper Cretaceous–Palaeogene syntectonic basins in western Colombia and Ecuador, and should be considered in other settings where arc–continent collision is followed by subduction.  相似文献   

12.
This work presents a palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary sequence recorded in the Valsalada saline wetland system (Monegros, Central Ebro Basin). This morphosedimentary system developed on karstified, gypsiferous bedrock and was mainly fed by local saline groundwater. Based on geomorphological, sedimentological, palynological and radiocarbon data, three depositional units have been differentiated: 1) a lacustrine unit, which accumulated under cold/cool and humid environmental conditions at 41-40 kyr cal BP, 2) a fluvial unit that was deposited under arid climatic conditions with cold episodic periods from 14 to 3.5 kyr cal BP, and 3) an alluvial slope unit associated with arid climate with human influence during the Late Roman Period (1.5 kyr cal BP). The morphosedimentary evolution of the Valsalada system is strongly influenced by the geomorphic setting (small catchment with karstic depressions and low gradient slopes on gypsum), the hydrological availability (runoff and groundwater discharges) related to climate variability during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, and the human activities developed in the area during historical times. The response of the Valsalada system displays a low sensitivity to short-term climatic changes but responds to major long-term climatic conditions, improving the regional paleoenvironmental picture of the Late Quaternary in NE Spain.  相似文献   

13.
梁光河 《盐湖研究》2022,30(2):110-117
位于青藏高原腹地的羌塘盆地是我国最大的中生代海相含油气盆地,盆地发育多套生储盖组合,其中蒸发岩的膏盐层往往作为油气藏研究的盖层。但盆地内蒸发岩大多只达到硫酸盐沉积阶段,盆地内是否存在古钾盐矿?最佳的钾盐矿成矿有利区域具体位于何处?保存的远景资源量有多少?通过青藏高原形成过程中微地块的碰撞和拼合历史。研究羌塘盆地中生代沉积和演化过程,厘清羌塘盆地钾盐主要富集在中生代侏罗系的局限台地相区域。结合地震勘探和构造演化史恢复,阐明只有在逆冲推覆构造之下的区域才可能保存钾盐矿。根据羌塘盆地侏罗系夏里组沉积相带分布范围,推测保存钾盐矿的两个有利区主要位于安多县北西方向,面积约8 000 km2。综合地表膏盐层分布和地球物理勘探推断的羌塘盆地中侏罗统石膏层厚度分布图,根据海水中析出石膏和钾盐的比例,结合推覆构造对侏罗系夏里组的保存比例,推测羌塘盆地保存的钾盐资源量约为11亿吨。该研究为进一步勘查古钾盐矿提供了明确的范围和方向。  相似文献   

14.
In order to evaluate the relationship between thrust loading and sedimentary facies evolution, we analyse the progradation of fluvial coarse‐grained deposits in the retroarc foreland basin system of the northern Andes of Colombia. We compare the observed sedimentary facies distribution with the calculated one‐dimensional (1D) Eocene to Quaternary sediment‐accumulation rates in the Medina wedge‐top basin and with a three‐dimensional (3D) sedimentary budget based on the interpretation of ~1800 km of industry‐style seismic reflection profiles and borehole data. Age constraints are derived from a new chronostratigraphic framework based on extensive fossil palynological assemblages. The sedimentological data from the Medina Basin reveal rapid accumulation of fluvial and lacustrine sediments at rates of up to ~500 m my?1 during the Miocene. Provenance data based on gravel petrography and paleocurrents reveal that these Miocene fluvial systems were sourced from Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sedimentary units exposed to the west in the Eastern Cordillera. Peak sediment‐accumulation rates in the upper Carbonera Formation and the Guayabo Group occur during episodes of coarse‐grained facies progradation in the early and late Miocene proximal foredeep. We interpret this positive correlation between sediment accumulation and gravel deposition as the direct consequence of thrust activity along the Servitá–Lengupá faults. This contrasts with one class of models relating gravel progradation in more distal portions of foreland basin systems to episodes of tectonic quiescence.  相似文献   

15.
昆特依盐湖杂卤石储量丰富,是研究陆相成因杂卤石的良好载体。对研究区ZK3608钻孔剖面进行矿物学分析,尝试从矿物组成及组合变化的角度揭示杂卤石的形成过程和机制。XRD结果表明,剖面中主要盐类矿物为石盐、石膏和杂卤石,此外还检测到六水泻盐、芒硝、无水芒硝、钾石盐、钾芒硝、菱镁矿等矿物。矿物组合及其剖面变化特征揭示,盐层中的杂卤石以原生沉积为主,碎屑层中多数杂卤石可能为交代成因。沉积环境分析表明,盐类沉积为干冷的偏酸性氧化环境,碎屑沉积为相对温湿的偏碱性还原环境。  相似文献   

16.
老挝万象通芒矿区成盐期元素地球化学特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
呵叻高原是世界上最大的钾盐矿床之一,老挝万象盆地是呵叻高原北部沙空那空盆地的一个次级盆地,通芒矿区则是万象盆地钾盐矿床的重要组成部分。近期,大量钾盐地质勘探工作的实施为该地区钾盐沉积的研究提供了良好条件和物质基础。研究表明,含盐地层包括上、中、下3个盐段,巨厚钾镁盐主要富集在塔贡组下盐段。盐类矿物主要包括石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、硬石膏等,还包括一些碳酸盐和硼酸盐矿物。矿石类型以光卤石矿为主。含盐层位的Br含量、Br×103/Cl比值在剖面上的变化指示了成盐期卤水不断蒸发浓缩,最终形成了具有重要经济价值的钾镁盐矿床。与世界其它海相及陆相钾盐矿床对比表明,通芒矿区钾盐沉积具有明显的海相特征,成盐成钾物质应该来自海水。  相似文献   

17.
Uur Doan 《Geomorphology》2005,71(3-4):389-401
Karstification-based land subsidence was found in the Upper Tigris Basin with dimensions not seen anywhere else in Turkey. The area of land subsidence, where there are secondary and tertiary subsidence developments, reaches 140 km2. Subsidence depth ranges between 40 and 70 m. The subsidence was formed as a result of subsurface gypsum dissolution in Lower Miocene formation. Although there are limestones together with gypsum and Eocene limestone below them in the area, a subsidence with such a large area is indicative of karstification in the gypsum. The stratigraphical cross-sections taken from the wells and the water analyses also verify this fact. The Lower Miocene gypsum, which shows confined aquifer features, was completely dissolved by the aggressive waters injected from the top and discharged through by Zellek Fault. This resulted in the development of subsidence and formation of caprock dolines on loosely textured Upper Miocene–Pliocene cover formations. The Tigris River runs through the subsidence area between Batman and Bismil. There are four terrace levels as T1 (40 m), T2 (30 m), T3 (10 m) and T4 (4–5 m) in the Tigris River valley. It was also found that there were some movements of the levels of the terraces in the valley by subsidence. The subsidence developed gradually throughout the Quaternary; however no terrace was formed purely because of subsidence.  相似文献   

18.
During the Early Triassic the Jameson Land Basin (Central East Greenland) was located around 30° N, in the Northern arid belt, but by the Early Jurassic was positioned at a latitude of approximately 50° N. This study examines the record of this transition through a largely continental succession using clay mineralogy, sedimentology, petrography and heavy mineralogy. The Jameson Land Basin is aligned north–south and is 280 km long and 80 km wide. Following an Early Triassic marine phase the basin was filled by predominantly continental sediments. The Early‐to‐Late Triassic succession comprises coarse alluvial clastics (Pingo Dal Formation) overlain by a succession of fine‐grained evaporite‐rich playa/lacustrine sediments (Gipsdalen Formation), indicative of arid climatic conditions. The overlying buff, dolomitic and then red lacustrine mudstones with subordinate sandstones (Fleming Fjord Formation) record reduced aridity. The uppermost Triassic grades into dark organic‐rich, and in places coaly, mudstones and buff coarse‐grained sandstones of lacustrine origin that belong to the Kap Stewart Group, which spans the Triassic–Jurassic boundary, and appear to record more humid climatic conditions. Clay mineralogy analyses highlight significant variations in the kaolinite/illite ratio, from both mudstone and sandstone samples, through the Triassic and into the earliest Jurassic. Complementary heavy mineral analyses demonstrate that the variations recognised in clay mineralogy and sandstone maturity through the Triassic–Early Jurassic succession are not a product of major provenance change or the effect of significant diagenetic alteration. The observed variations are consistent with sedimentological evidence for a long‐term trend towards more humid conditions through the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, and the suggestion of a significant pluvial episode in the mid‐Carnian.  相似文献   

19.
Data acquired from petroleum exploration well 164/7‐1 drilled in the UK sector of the Rockall Trough have yielded fresh insights into the igneous and thermal history of this frontier region. The well targeted a large four‐way dip closed structure of presumed Mesozoic age named ‘The Dome Prospect’. The structure is now known to have a magmatic, rather than a purely structural origin, which was the preferred pre‐well interpretation. The well encountered 1.2 km of Palaeocene age basaltic lavas, overlying Late Cretaceous mudstones which were intruded by over 70 dolerite sills ranging from <1.5‐ to 152‐m thick. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the dolerite intrusions indicates an Early Palaeocene age (63–64±0.5 Ma), which are among the oldest 40Ar/39Ar dates recognised in the North Atlantic Igneous Province. Radiometric dating of the overlying basaltic lavas proved unsuccessful, because of excessive alteration. Biostratigraphic dating of underlying and overlying sedimentary strata was utilised to constrain the age of the lavas to Late Paleocene to Early Eocene age (~55 Ma). Despite being related to two distinct events separated by ~8 Ma, the intrusives and extrusives are compositionally similar. The basaltic rocks from well 164/7‐1 possess Sr–Nd isotopic, major and trace‐element geochemical compositions similar to other volcanic and intrusive rocks of the British Tertiary Igneous Province and represent partial melts of both lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle associated with the proto‐Icelandic mantle plume head. Joint consideration of thermal maturity, potential fields and 3D seismic data indicate a deeper igneous body in addition to the sills encountered in well 164/7‐1. Jack‐up and arching mechanisms associated with both scales of intrusive body are believed to have developed the dome structure. The preferred interpretation is of a mafic laccolith, 17 km in diameter, ~7 km thick, intruded at 64.5 Ma, situated ~2.5 km below the bottom of the well. 3D thermal modelling suggests that all of Tranche 52 was thermally affected by the intrusion of the magmatic body. The thermal aureole, between 27 and 51 km in diameter, is not thought to play an important role in the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the surrounding Tranches in the NE Rockall Basin. Results show that hydrocarbon exploration prospects that are circular in map view should be interpreted with caution on volcanic continental margins. In sedimentary basins, where salt domes and shale diapirs are absent and igneous rocks prevalent, periclinal structures such as ‘The Dome Prospect’ should undergo a thorough multi‐disciplinary risk assessment.  相似文献   

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