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地面沉降是现代黄河三角洲地区主要的地质灾害之一,利用PSInSAR技术对覆盖现代黄河三角洲部分地区的10景ERS1/2数据进行处理,获得该研究区的地面沉降范围、沉降速率和形变时间序列情况。选取3个地面沉降范围和速率相对较大的区域进行重点分析,同时将监测结果与相应时间段的居民区分布图和油田分布图进行叠加分析,结果表明,地面沉降与石油开采、地表载荷增加具有较强的相关性。利用水准观测数据对获得的监测结果进行精度验证,结果显示PSInSAR监测结果与水准观测数据吻合,中误差达到mm级。 相似文献
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《地理与地理信息科学》2020,(3)
正地表变形监测在预防相关地质灾害(如地震、滑坡、地面沉降、火山爆发等),减小地质灾害社会、经济损失中发挥重要作用。差分干涉合成孔径雷达技术(Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar,DInSAR)或永久散射体干涉测量技术(Persistent Scatterer Interferometry,PSI)能以较高空间分辨率高效地获取地表形变,且不受日照和天气影响。此外,由于SAR系统使用较短波长微波(3～25cm)对地观测,PSI技术基于SAR影像相位进行地表形变监测的精度可达毫米级。高效、高分辨率、高精度、全天候、全天时、无接触等特点,使得PSI技术在地表形变监测领域具有不可替代的优势。 相似文献
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小基线(Small Baseline Subsets,SBAS)技术可以获取微小的形变信息和长时间序列的缓慢地表形变场,在地表形变监测中具有较广的应用前景。本文以地形陡峭的岷江流域为研究区,基于小基线技术获取沿雷达视线方向的形变速率,将其转化为沿坡面方向的形变速率,利用核密度分析对潜在滑坡区域进行提取。研究发现,岷江流域的30处历史滑坡中,有18处位于提取的潜在滑坡区中,有11处位于发生形变的地区范围内,仅有1处位于发生形变的地区之外。这表明,SBAS技术可以较好地监测地势陡峭地区的地表形变,在潜在滑坡识别方面具有较高的可行性。 相似文献
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地理空间中不同分层抽样方式的分层效率 与优化策略 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
地理空间对象中分层抽样的效率受抽样总体的空间相关性特征限制,分层效率的提高源于两个方面,一是 抽样总体的空间相关性会使分散的样本布局精度得到提高,二是先验知识使层内方差变小,只有在空间相关性特 征较强时,追逐先验知识的分层方式才会比任意分层方式具有更好的分层效率,当空间相关性较弱时,知识分层并 不会比任意分层得到更高的抽样精度,地理空间相关性特征对分层抽样设计有重要影响,而这在实际应用中往往 被忽视。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟抽样方法以山东省1985 年和1995 年细小非耕地地物面积比例的抽样调查为例分 析了空间相关性特征对不同分层方式抽样效率的影响,并提出了地理空间对象中分层方式的优化选择策略。 相似文献
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利用南极大陆12个累积观测数据超过3年的GNSS跟踪站的监测序列,比较分析了其径向的形变趋势与GIA(Glacial Isostatic Adjustment)模型预测形变,并且与GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)估计的径向位移结果进行相关性分析。GNSS结果显示跟踪站的径向形变多呈现上升趋势,少量出现下降的跟踪站多分布在东南极沿海区域,下降速度较小。与GRACE计算结果相比,两者的相关系数在0.241—0.663之间,表明两种观测手段得到的结果总体呈现较强的相关性。GNSS形变趋势与最新的GIA模型(W12a)预测形变趋势有一定的偏差,但总体吻合。 相似文献
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多时相InSAR(Multi-Temporal InSAR,MT-InSAR)技术可以提取毫米级、大范围的地表形变结果,因此在滑坡监测领域引起国内外的研究热潮。但是,由于滑坡所处地理环境的特殊性,如地形崎岖起伏,植被覆盖率高,大气环境复杂多变等,使得InSAR观测值中的固源误差相比城市地区更加难以消除。该文首先针对MT-InSAR在滑坡监测中的关键技术(即相干点目标选取、形变参数估计和大气误差改正),阐述了目前国际上的主流方法,并对比和分析了它们在滑坡监测中的优劣势和适用条件;进而总结了目前MT-InSAR在滑坡监测中面临的主要挑战,包括由山区地形导致的几何畸变、植被覆盖引发的失相关和无法监测真实三维形变等;最后指出MT-InSAR在滑坡监测领域的未来发展方向,包括面向滑坡监测的MT-InSAR技术、星载和地基MT-InSAR联合监测以及建立MT-InSAR形变监测与滑坡触发因子之间的时空响应模式。 相似文献
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M. Alerini G. Lambaré R. Baina P. Podvin S. Le Bégat 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):725-736
We present the extension of stereotomography to P - and S -wave velocity estimation from PP - and PS -reflected/diffracted waves. In this new context, we greatly benefit from the use of locally coherent events by stereotomography. In particular, when applied to S -wave velocity estimation from PS -data, no pairing of PP - and PS -events is a priori required. In our procedure the P -wave velocity model is obtained first using stereotomography on PP -arrivals. Then the S -wave velocity model is obtained using PS -stereotomography on PS -arrivals fixing the P -wave velocity model. We present an application to an 'ideal' synthetic data set demonstrating the relevance of the approach, which allows us to recover depth consistent P - and S -waves velocity models even if no pairing of PP - and PS -events is introduced. Finally, results to a real data set from the Gulf of Mexico are presented demonstrating the potential of the method in a noisy data context. 相似文献
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雷达干涉处理过程中,平地相位去除在整个干涉处理过程中是不可忽视的一步.平地相位一方面使干涉条纹密集化,另一方面加大了后续相位解缠以及相位到DEM转化的难度,基于频谱位移的去平算法是目前比较常用的方法,常规的频谱位移算法忽视了图像本身特点,通过圆周位移之后,仍然有大量的残余相位,导致去平结果不够准确.文中采用改进的常规频移去平算法,根据干涉纹图距离向与方位向平地相位分布情况,采用分块插值频移算法;并用短基线的SRTM数据以及长基线的JERS-1数据进行了实验.通过与常规频移方法比较,结果表明,该改进算法能有效去除干涉纹图中的平地相位. 相似文献
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In this study, we test the adequacy of 2-D sensitivity kernels for fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves based on the single-scattering (Born) approximation to account for the effects of heterogeneous structure on the wavefield in a regional surface wave study. The calculated phase and amplitude data using the 2-D sensitivity kernels are compared to phase and amplitude data obtained from seismic waveforms synthesized by the pseudo-spectral method for plane Rayleigh waves propagating through heterogeneous structure. We find that the kernels can accurately predict the perturbation of the wavefield even when the size of anomaly is larger than one wavelength. The only exception is a systematic bias in the amplitude within the anomaly itself due to a site response.
An inversion method of surface wave tomography based on the sensitivity kernels is developed and applied to synthesized data obtained from a numerical simulation modelling Rayleigh wave propagation over checkerboard structure. By comparing recovered images to input structure, we illustrate that the method can almost completely recover anomalies within an array of stations when the size of the anomalies is larger than or close to one wavelength of the surface waves. Surface wave amplitude contains important information about Earth structure and should be inverted together with phase data in surface wave tomography. 相似文献
An inversion method of surface wave tomography based on the sensitivity kernels is developed and applied to synthesized data obtained from a numerical simulation modelling Rayleigh wave propagation over checkerboard structure. By comparing recovered images to input structure, we illustrate that the method can almost completely recover anomalies within an array of stations when the size of the anomalies is larger than or close to one wavelength of the surface waves. Surface wave amplitude contains important information about Earth structure and should be inverted together with phase data in surface wave tomography. 相似文献
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MODIS数据时间分辨率较高,将其应用于河道监测优势明显.川西山区河道狭窄,水体像元多为混合像元,并且山区沟壑众多.山区阴影、混合雪盖和城镇区域的反射率特征与山区河道水体反射率特征相近,利用现有方法提取水体难度较大.为将MODIS数据的优势运用于山区河道监测,选定岷江上游区域作为典型研究区域,在对多日MODIS数据中的典型地物进行采样分析后,对归一化植被指数法(NDVI)进行了改进,将其与MODIS第1波段数据组合得到山区水体增强指数(MEWI),实现了图像中山区沟壑的模糊处理,突出了水体.在针对山区地物特点进行图像增强后,河道水体清晰可辨,能够应用于山区5级以上河流的监测. 相似文献
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用CEOF方法探讨形成西北地区沙尘暴天气的源地及传播特征 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
利用西北地区311个气象站自1961—2003年43 a沙尘暴天气过程资料及近年来作为天气气候过程诊断分析的新工具之一（CEOF分析方法）,分析研究形成西北地区沙尘暴天气的源区、传播方向及突变特征等。结果表明：①由沙尘暴天气日数及沙尘暴天气持续时间时变场CEOF展开的第一复主分量空间位相及空间振幅函数,对形成沙尘暴天气的源区有一个很好的反映,其空间位相函数的早位相中心与我国北方地区的主要沙漠区存在着很好的对应关系,并且沙尘暴天气持续时间时变场的CEOF展开项所包含的信息量更加丰富。②近43 a来西北地区沙尘暴天气日数总体上是在波动中不断减少的,其中前17 a间波动幅度相对较大,但基本没有出现明显的下降趋势,且属于沙尘暴天气的多发期,后26 a出现逐年下降的趋势。1977—1978年间是西北地区沙尘暴天气变化规律出现显著改变的时期。③1977年之前第二复主分量的时间位相序列为正位相,1978年以后出现位相上的突变,由正位相突变为负位相;第二复主分量的时间振幅在1975年之前偏高,1976年之后偏低;1976—1978年间西北地区沙尘暴天气日数由多发型转变为少发型。 相似文献
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Tidal deformation of the Earth is normally calculated using the analytical solution with some simplified assumptions, such as the Earth is a perfect sphere of continuous media. This paper proposes an alternative way, in which the Earth crust is discontinuous along its boundaries, to calculate the tidal deformation using a finite element method. An in-house finite element code is firstly introduced in brief and then extended here to calculate the tidal deformation. The tidal deformation of the Earth due to the Moon was calculated for an geophysical earth model with the discontinuous outer layer and compared with the continuous case. The preliminary results indicate that the discontinuity could have different effects on the tidal deformation in the local zone around the fault, but almost no effects on both the locations far from the fault and the global deformation amplitude of the Earth. The localized deformation amplitude seems to depend much on the relative orientation between the fault strike direction and the loading direction (i.e. the location of the Moon) and the physical property of the fault. 相似文献
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Instantaneous deformation from continuous GPS: contributions from quasi-periodic loads 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Richard A. Bennett 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(3):1052-1064
Continuous GPS (CGPS) coordinate time-series are known to experience repeating deformation signals with seasonal and other periods. It is unlikely that these signals represent perfect sinusoids with temporally constant amplitude. We develop an analysis method that accommodates temporal variations in the amplitudes of sinusoidal signals. We apply the method to simulated coordinate time-series to numerically explore the potential consequences of neglecting decadal variation in amplitude of annual motions on the residual-error spectra of CGPS measurements, as well as potential bias in estimates for secular site velocity. We find that secular velocity bias can be appreciable for shorter time-series, and that residual-error time-series of longer duration may contain significant power in a broad band centred on semi-annual frequency if temporal variation in the amplitude of annual motions is not accounted for in the model used to reduce the observations to residuals. It may be difficult to differentiate the bandpass filtered signature of mismodelled loading signals from power-law noise, using residual-error spectra for shorter time-series. We provide an example application to a ∼9-yr coordinate time-series for a CGPS station located in southern California at Carbon Creek Control Structure (CCCS), which is known to experience large amplitude seasonal motions associated with the Santa Ana aquifer system. 相似文献
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西北干旱区雨量站点稀少且分布不均,为水文过程研究带来一定困难。TRMM遥感降水数据覆盖范围广、时空分辨率高,是很有潜力的降水替代品,但其在西北干旱区应用的可靠性需要评价。对TRMM网格降水量与地面实测降水量在日尺度和月尺度上进行比较,通过FBI（frequency bias index）、POD（probability of detection）、FAR（false alarm ratio）、偏差和相关系数等指标分析TRMM对降水的探测能力。结果表明：TRMM对降水的探测能力因区域、海拔和冷暖季而异,月时间尺度上TRMM对降水事件的发生频率和降水量的估计比日时间尺度更为准确,但二者探测能力都非常有限;76个格点中,日降水的[FBI]值都远离最优值1,POD值和FAR值则分别在0.72以下和0.37以上,离最优值较远,相关系数几乎都在0.4以下,只有14个格点的偏差在±10%之间,其余格点最大偏差高达389%。最多有9个格点的月降水[FBI]值达最优,14个格点的POD值达最优,24个格点的FAR值达最优,67个格点的相关系数在0.4以上,14个格点的偏差在±10%之间,只有极少数格点的全部指标都在可接受范围之内,多数站点是某些指标达最优值,而某些指标在可接受范围之外。总体来讲,TRMM遥感降水数据在西北干旱区难以直接应用,需要进一步纠正处理。 相似文献
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F. Guillocheau D. Rouby C. Robin C. Helm C. Le Carlier de Veslud J. Braun 《Basin Research》2012,24(1):3-30
The terrigeneous sediment budget of passive margin basins records variations in continental relief triggered by either deformation or climate. Consequently, it becomes a major challenge to determine sediment accumulation histories in a large number of basins found in various geodynamic contexts. In this study, we developed a GIS‐based method to determine the sediment budget at the scale of a whole basin (from the upstream continental onlap to the most distal deepest marine deposits) and the associated uncertainties. The volume of sediments preserved in the basin for each time interval was estimated by interpolation between cross‐sections and then corrected from in situ production and porosity to obtain terrigeneous solid volumes. This approach was validated by applying it to Namibia–South African passive margin basins for which independent data are available. We determined by a statistical approach the variances associated with each parameter of the method: the geometrical extrapolation of the section (8–43%), the uncertainties on seismic velocities for the depth conversion (2–10%), on the absolute ages of stratigraphic horizons (0.2–12%), on the carbonate content (0.2–46%) and on remaining porosities estimation (3–5%). Our estimates of the accumulated volumes were validated by comparison with previous estimates at a lower temporal resolution in the same area. We discussed variations in accumulation rates observed in terms of relief variations triggered by climate and/or deformation. The high accumulation rates determined for the Lower Cretaceous, progressively decreasing to a minimum in the Mid‐Cretaceous, are consistent with the progressive relaxation of a rift‐related relief. The following increase to an Upper Cretaceous maximum is consistent with a major relief reorganization driven either by an uplift and/or a change to more humid climate conditions. The lower accumulation rate in the Cenozoic suggests a relief reorganization of lesser amplitude over that period. 相似文献
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塔里木河干流植被遥感监测时空多尺度协同分析方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用遥感植被指数、典型植被样方和地面观测信息进行塔里木河干流植被监测是目前的主要方法。由于塔里木河干流具有流域下垫面均匀性差,自然植被随机分布的特点,使得现有研究方法局限在特定的时间和空间尺度,很难使用地面的观测数据和不同尺度的遥感数据进行植被生长状态的协同分析。针对这些问题,本文提出了利用不同分辨率遥感数据和地面观测数据进行多尺度协同分析的方法MSSA(Multiple Scale Synergy Analysis)。该方法包括以下几个步骤:①通过低空间分辨率的遥感数据构建时间序列的塔里木河干流植被指数分布图像,在分析图像特征的基础上划分塔里木河遥感监测单元;②对监测单元内部不同组分的时间和空间状态参数进行量化与率定;③根据几何光学模型原理和植被随机分布特性,采用线性混合模型模拟单元植被指数;④根据模拟结果和遥感数据的对比分析,获得地面植被参量的可靠估计。该方法将地面组分的状态参量和遥感数据通过模拟模型相关联,实现了不同时空尺度遥感数据以及地面样方或者点观测数据的协同分析,为塔里木河干流植被监测进行长期、细致的研究建立了海量数据综合分析的方法体系。 相似文献