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1.
Complex intersecting social, economic and environmental dilemmas in Australia's Cape York Peninsula present a number of challenges for planners seeking to develop and implement land use and natural resource management (NRM) plans. There have been five different attempts at land use and NRM planning in Cape York Peninsula over the last 20 years. These processes have (to greater or lesser extents) failed to deliver community-owned and government-supported plans to guide development and/or the management of the region's natural resources. The region is remote, sparsely populated, and home to a significant Indigenous population. Much of the contestation within the region surrounds the access, use and ownership of the region's internationally valuable natural resources. This paper reviews, from the literature, the relevancy and applicability of criteria for best practice planning and governance. A range of identified best practice governance and planning principles are applied to assess the governance arrangements for planning in the Peninsula. The paper finds that decision-making arrangements for land use and NRM planning in the Peninsula are still in their infancy and are inadequate to support effective outcomes. The paper concludes that broader attention to best practice principles in governance for planning is needed to improve planning outcomes. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Resources for Strategic Planning: Implications for Australian Geological Surveys 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A quantitative valuation study has been made of Australian state surveys with the specific goals of (1) establishing the 'worth' of current programs upgrading state government geoscientific information infrastructure, and (2) considering the results of the valuation in terms of strategic planning. The study has been done from the perspective of the community as a whole and has been undertaken in two phases reflecting the different objectives of Australian state surveys in terms of the exploration industry and government policy-making. This paper reports on the second part of this valuation process, measuring the impact of upgraded survey data on government mineral policy decision processes. The valuation methodology developed is a comparative approach used to determine net benefit foregone by not upgrading information infrastructure. The underlying premise for the geological survey study is that existing and upgraded data sets will have a different probability that a deposit will be detected. The approach used in the valuation of geoscientific data introduces a significant technical component with the requirement to model both favorability of mineral occurrence and probability of deposit occurrence for two different generations of government data. The estimation of mineral potential uses modern quantitative methods, including the U.S. Geological Survey three-part resource-assessment process and computer-based prospectivity modeling. To test the methodology mineral potential was assessed for porphyry copper type deposits in part of the Yarrol Province, central Queensland. Results of the Yarrol case study supports the strategy of the state surveys to facilitate effective exploration by improving accuracy and acquiring new data, as part of resource management. It was determined in the Yarrol Province case study that in going from existing to upgraded data sets the area that would be considered permissible for the occurrence of porphyry type deposits almost doubled. The implication of this result is that large tracts of potentially mineralized land would not be identified using existing data. Results of the prospectivity modeling showed a marked increase in the number of exploration targets and in target rankings using the upgraded data set. A significant reduction in discovery risk also is associated with the upgraded data set, a conclusion supported by the fact that known mines with surface exposure are not identified in prospectivity modeling using the existing data sets. These results highlight the absence in the existing data sets of information critical for the identification of prospective ground.Quantitative resource assessment and computer-based prospectivity modeling are seen as complementary processes that provide the support for the increasingly sophisticated needs of Australian survey clients. Significant additional gains to the current value of geoscientific data can be achieved through the in-house analysis and characterization of individual data sets, the integration and interpretation of data sets, and the incorporation of information on geological uncertainty. 相似文献
3.
新一轮修编面临着国家粮食安全形势更加严峻，城镇化、工业化对耕地需求更加旺盛，不正确的“政绩观”没有得到根本扭转的严峻局面。因此，规划修编工作任重道远。为此提出如下建议：（1）耕地需求量和基本农田保护数量以国家预测为主，然后按行政区逐级分解，上下级协调确定；（2）建设用地需求量预测以市、县预测为主，上下结合确定；（3）建议成立国家、省、市、县的土地利用总体规划与城市总体规划这两个规划编制与协调委员会，负责两个规划的协调；（4）加强规划方法研究，提高公众参与程度，建立土地规划师执业认证制度，做好基础数据的整理与变更。加强乡级规划的领导，以确保规划修编的质量。 相似文献
4.
深圳城市规划对土地利用的调控效能 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城市规划实施效能研究已开始由定性走向定量,引入GIS空间分析技术,利用相关政府部门提供的资料和实地调查资料,以深圳为案例从定性与定量角度系统全面地开展了城市规划对土地利用的调控效能研究。研究结果表明城市规划对土地利用调控效果显著:①城市规划对深圳城市空间结构的控制与引导十分有效,使得其在快速发展过程中仍然保持良好的城市空间结构。②城市规划对特区土地利用的调控效果较好,城市建设基本按照规划进行;而城市规划对特区外土地利用基本失控,城市建设无序蔓延,城市规划没有起到应有的调控作用。③城市规划管理对土地利用也具有重要的调控作用,《建设用地规划许可证》的规划审批用地挤占了大量耕地、园地、林地和水域等,引起了深圳各区域土地利用的巨大变化。 相似文献
5.
Torben Birch-Thomsen Søren P. Kristensen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):23-37
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 105(2):23–37, 2005 As a reaction to the 'top-down 'approach to rural development during the 1970's and 1980's, and in line with the increased focus on ‘putting farmers first’ (bottom-up) through local participation, new and integrated approaches to natural resource management (NRM) have been launched to generate sustainable development. This paradigmatic change has greatly influenced land use planning. Some of the implications involved in this change are discussed in this paper and based on empirical data from Tanzania and Botswana. In this paper we will discuss three critical issues related to land use planning for sustainable NRM: the complexity of livelihood strategies at the local level, the role of different stakeholder interests and the importance of spatial scale considerations. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding that the different and often erratic resource endowment of the rural households influences the strategies these households follow in order to meet their overall needs, rather than ‘simply’ maximizing agricultural yields. Furthermore, the importance of spatial scale, in relation to both different stakeholder interests and their needs will be discussed. The paper highlights the need to take community heterogeneity into consideration in land use planning if sustainable NRM is to be achieved in the future. 相似文献
6.
Genevieve Simpson 《The Australian geographer》2010,41(3):403-423
Landcare groups in Australia work to increase biodiversity, eliminate invasive species and promote sustainable land-use practices. With the implementation of the Rudd government's ‘Caring for our Country’ policy during 2008–09, financial and organisational resources available to these groups diminished. This paper examines whether the National Landcare Program's initial intentions—that agency support could be provided to ‘kick-start’ the community groups into action with the Landcare groups quickly becoming independent bodies—are ultimately realistic. The results show that the majority of Landcare groups continue to be reliant on government-sourced funding and Landcare facilitators, and that those groups which do not have access to support have reduced their activity levels accordingly. Landcare groups were suffering from a reduced volunteer base, with static or decreasing numbers of participants, an inability to set regular meetings and a lack of volunteers to take up leadership positions. The reliance of Landcare groups on government support suggests that Landcare was an unsuccessful form of state-sponsored community participation, making Landcare groups similar to other volunteer organisations in terms of their functional characteristics and reliance on externally sourced funds. 相似文献
7.
Throughout Australia thousands of volunteers are engaged in Landcare projects that should help rehabilitate degraded landscapes. Many of these projects involve tree planting, but their seed is not necessarily of local provenance. Based on a survey of 85 Landcare groups working in the Hawkesbury–Nepean catchment, data were collected about Landcare groups' knowledge of their seed source, understanding of local provenance and the ecosystem in which they were planting trees and the source of funding for their projects. The findings from the study indicate that about one in five (21%) of the groups surveyed that introduced plant material were not aware of local provenance issues. Indirect indications were that a large number of Landcare groups state-wide may be doing more harm than good to the landscape while trying to rehabilitate it. The data also showed that one in seven (13%) of the groups funded by the Australian Government through the Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) had limited awareness of local provenance issues. With millions of dollars being spent on 'works on the ground', it would be prudent to allocate some funds to document and monitor current Landcare activities, so that the environmental outcomes can be quantified and more effective Landcare policies can be developed in the future. 相似文献
8.
乡村景观规划中的环境管理评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国是农业大国,我国的乡村景观规划与环境管理对加快城乡一体化进程和乡村的可持续发展具有重要的作用。为此,文章首先介绍了日本的一种乡村环境管理评价方法,并对其优点与不足进行了分析,在此基础上,借鉴一些相关的环境管理评价方法,提出了乡村景观规划中的一种环境综合评价方法,希望能对我国的乡村景观规划和环境管理与保护工作提供一定的参考。 相似文献
9.
For years urban planning has been understood as a government instrument to rationalize space, populations, and the conduct of residents. This view is consistent with recent discussions of the “post-political” city. As the introduction of the special issue on Planning / Resistance, this paper takes a different view. It examines the politicizing effects of planning. It argues that planning conceives and implements the orderly city by imposing lines and rules that render certain activities illicit and others licit. This effort to divide good from bad conduct, normal from abnormal behavior, results in excluding people who fail to meet dominant norms. The exclusionary lines of urban planning become specific points that often spark resistances. As some resistances (certainly not all) catch fire, they become political conflagrations of people who feel wronged by the denial of equality. Thus, rather than simply evacuating the city of politics, planning generates small and big political resistances by enacting countless dividing lines in the city. 相似文献
10.
国外国土开发整治与规划的经验及启示 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文简要回顾了20世纪以来国外国土开发整治与规划的过程，总结了国外在国土规划方面取得的经验：即国土规划的权威性、系统性、针对性、可操作性、实效性和参与性等特点。在此基础上，结合我国国情，针对当前面临的形势，提出发展和完善我国国土规划的基本思路：重视国土规划；将国土规划纳入规范化、法制化的轨道；强化国土规划的系统调控和管理等。 相似文献
11.
The focus of this paper is the recent preparation of the Third National Physical Development Plan for Barbados. Interestingly, this blueprint for the future development of the country was prepared by Canadian consultants, under the auspices of Inter-American Development Bank funding, and thereby ostensibly represents the rolling back of the State in the context of physical development planning. The paper briefly examines the origins of town and country planning in Barbados and the wider Caribbean before critiquing the Third Plan produced in 1998. Emphasis is placed on salient issues such as operationalising sustainable development, the involvement of local stakeholders, the role of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) in the planning process, and the production of Community Plans. Throughout, it is shown that whilst the State appears to have been "rolled back", government has retained its strong-hold over the course of physical development planning, principally by "tactics" which have served to minimise the degree to which members of the public and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been able to participate. 相似文献
12.
The palaeomagnetic standard technique of stepwise thermal demagnetization (STD), long regarded as unreliable for oceanic basalts that have undergone low temperature alteration, has recently been applied in a number of studies to characterize the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of such rocks. In order to better understand STD data of oceanic basalts, and to possibly identify the magnetominerals that are carrying the NRM, we have carried out a number of continuous and STD experiments on seven oceanic basalt samples. During continuous thermal demagnetization (CTD), a sample is heated to a certain temperature and its NRM is measured during heating and subsequent cooling. Even when CTD reveals only titanomaghemite unblocking at 400°C as the remanence carrier, STD behaviour can be very complex and unblocking is observed at temperatures of up to 500°C and higher. CTD also allowed to identify a partial or full self-reversal of NRM due to interaction between two types of magnetominerals in one sample. The higher degree of maghemitization of smaller titanomaghemite grains with respect to larger ones, which are less efficient in carrying the remanence, was seen for three samples by a shift of 80°C between the strong field thermomagnetic curve and the NRM measured at elevated temperature. In several cases, the identification of the NRM-carrying magnetomineral was not possible from CTD data due to the ambiguity of Curie temperatures in the titanomagnetite/titanomaghemite system. 相似文献
13.
空间规划政策在中国五年计划/规划体系中的演变 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作为社会主义国家,国民经济和社会发展五年计划/规划对调节中国区域发展具有重要的作用。自1953年第一个五年计划以来,尤其是随着市场化改革和权力下放,中国政治经济背景发生了重要变化,客观需要五年计划/规划体系中的规划内容做出相应调整。本文分析了空间规划元素在中国五年规划体系中从无到有、不断丰富完善的演变特点及其机制,同时指出了五年规划对空间发展作用的变迁:① 初期,并无空间规划,空间发展只是部门工业项目布局的结果;② 改革开放之后一段时期,空间规划的形式主要体现在划定特殊的政策区域和空间分类引导;③“十一五”规划以来,空间规划则以空间分类引导与约束并举的形式出现。通过构建政府与市场主体的关系、中央和地方的关系,以及空间发展状态所引起的规划反馈3 个维度的分析框架,着重探讨了五年规划体系中空间规划元素的变迁机制。“十一五”以来重点加强和改善了空间规划内容,其目的是使经济规划与空间规划的结合更加紧密,以克服中国当前空间管治的各种困境。 相似文献
14.
区域尺度土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）时空特征及驱动力是研究大尺度变化乃至全球变化演变过程的基础,而干旱区LUCC对区域水文、生态影响尤为显著,是全球变化研究的重点之一。以新疆孔雀河流域上游作为研究区,基于1977-2015年6期Landsat数据,采用多规则人机交互目视解译的方法完成LUCC制图,并利用LUCC模型从数量变化、空间变化、土地利用集约程度变化等多方面分析了近40年来该区域LUCC特点及演变机制。结果表明：（1）研究区仅有耕地和建设用地面积增加,且增幅均在200%以上,其他土地类型面积则均有不同程度的减少;（2）耕地变化呈现出空间集聚现象,而建设用地的扩张则呈现空间连续性;（3）2000年前后自然植被经历小幅退化—恢复过程;（4）受西部大开发、塔里木河生态综合治理工程等多种因素影响,2000-2005年间,空间变化的综合动态度最高（2.76%）;（5）自然因素影响较小,人口增长和政策因素是主要驱动因子。 相似文献
15.
国土空间规划是现代国家为应对发展环境变化而对国土空间进行的优化调整。近年来国内外发展环境发生了深刻变化,呈现全球经济短链化和区域化、生产制造智能化和数字化、社会发展低碳化和绿色化、人口老龄化和少子化等趋势,对中国经济社会发展和国土空间开发保护产生了系统性的深刻影响。国土空间规划必须及时应对：一方面,需要构建国土空间开发保护新格局,协调经济社会发展与国土空间开发相适应,促进人与自然和谐共生,提高经济发展质量和人民生活品质;另一方面,需要进一步完善国土空间规划编制体系,增强国土空间总体规划的战略性,发挥专项规划的专业性,提高详细规划的人本性,编制实施跨区域的国土空间规划,不断完善国土空间治理的体制机制,全面提升国土空间治理能力和治理体系现代化水平。 相似文献
16.
美国的城市规划体系向来以体制完善、与时俱进著称。本文以纽约为例,分析其城市规划的特点及其在城市建设和发展中的作用,并指出其对上海城市规划的借鉴意义。纽约的城市规划主要具有前瞻性、整合性、导向性和广泛性等特点,它对上海的借鉴意义主要有:从功能主义规划模式转向以提高生活质量为核心的规划模式;从产业城市规划转向循环城市规划;从单个城市规划转向城乡统筹规划及都市圈规划;从郊区化扩张转向紧凑型城市规划和建设;规划实施从政府主导到全民参与。 相似文献
17.
主体功能区规划监管与评估的指标及其数据需求 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
主体功能区规划是建国以来首次在全国范围实施的精度较高的国土空间开发规划, 不仅对规划方法、技术手段有较高的要求, 而且对基于县级行政区域或更高精度空间尺度的规划数据源有较高的要求。本文针对省级主体功能区规划的9 个指标项, 分析了主体功能区规划的数据需求特征, 认为在数据支撑方面存在数据精度不够、缺少经济内涵、数据标准不统一、个别指标底层数据缺失4 个主要问题。基于主体功能区规划绩效评价及今后国土空间开发管治的目标要求, 提出了规划监管与评估的指标设计原则, 从集聚效应、社会发展、食物与资源保障、生态与环境保护4 个方面设计了主体功能区规划监管和评估的指标体系, 以期为“十二五”及今后全国国土空间功能发展的科学评估和数据系统建设提供参考依据。 相似文献
18.
城市规划和土地利用规划的矛盾与协调─—以三亚市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对现今城市规划与土地利用规划矛盾的分析，提出了协调两者关系的思路，认为两者间的矛盾和问题是客观存在的，两者的协调不能强求数量指标上的一致，而应在地区发展战略的界定下，达到两者间城镇空间布局形态和环境容量规模的相互一致，并据此对三亚市城市规划与土地利用规划的协调进行了分析。 相似文献
19.
Monica Gratani Erin L. Bohensky James R.A. Butler Stephen G. Sutton Simon Foale 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(2):167-184
Aboriginal inhabitants of the Wet Tropics of Queensland advocate for greater inclusion of their Indigenous knowledge (IK) in natural resource management (NRM) to fulfil their customary obligations to country and to exert their Native Title rights. Despite a legal and institutional framework for inclusion of IK in NRM, IK has so far been applied only sporadically. We conducted an ethnographic case study to investigate perceptions on IK, science and how they affect integration of the two knowledge systems in the Wet Tropics. Our results show that IK and science are perceived as different concepts; that integration is limited by weak Indigenous internal and external governance; and that stronger Aboriginal governance and more focused engagement strategies are required to further the application of IK in local NRM. We conclude by arguing that NRM in the Wet Tropics needs to be reconceptualised to accommodate IK holistically, by considering its epistemology and the values and ethic that underpin it. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4-5):167-174
Abstract Geography increasingly relies on training of professionals who can apply geographic concepts to solve real-world problems. The planning profession for years has been training professionals to work in the area of community planning. Planning programs typically include experiential learning modules throughout the curriculum. This article looks at how community planning approaches can be incorporated into geography programs in lower level courses to: (1) provide exposure to practical applications of geographic concepts; (2) give students experience with team dynamics; and (3) provide students with experience in real-world client relations. Advantages and challenges of experiential learning are identified and discussed. An example of an experiential learning exercise adapted from a planning application is presented. The exercise was developed to enhance learning in a geography curriculum. 相似文献