共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
青藏高原土地资源人类活动适宜性评价方法及实证应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对中国现有土地资源人类活动适宜性评价方法存在的问题,搭建了适用于青藏高原的评价流程框架,建立了基于栅格单元的建设用地和耕地适宜性定量评价模型,提出了空气密度、气温、坡地适建、坡耕地土壤抗蚀等关键参数的普适性算法,并以藏东南米林县为例进行了实证研究。结果表明：① 米林县建设用地和耕地适宜性可划分为适宜、较适宜、一般适宜、欠适宜、不适宜5个等级类型,30 m精度建设用地各适宜性等级面积占土地面积比例依次为1.26%、2.92%、2.12%、2.77%和90.93%;50 m、100 m各等级面积较30 m误差±0.34%,250 m误差 ±1.11%,500 m、1000 m误差较大。30 m精度耕地各适宜性等级面积占土地面积比例依次为0.72%、3.07%、2.62%、1.35%和92.25%;50 m、100 m、250 m与30 m误差±0.52%,500 m、1000 m误差较大;② 米林县现状城镇村及工矿用地主要分布在建设用地较适宜、适宜和一般适宜等级类型,30 m精度三者合计占比达95.96%,50 m、100 m占比分别为95.96%和94.74%。现状耕地和种植园用地主要分布在较适宜、一般适宜和适宜等级类型,3种栅格精度下三者合计占比大于96%;③ 业已建立的评价方法、定量模型及参数算法是可行的和适用的,青藏高原建设用地和耕地适宜性评价的适宜栅格精度为100 m,最大不超过250 m;④ 建立了可应用于青藏高原的土地资源建设用地和耕地适宜性等级类型与地形高程及坡度对应谱系。 相似文献
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基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价与布局优化——以福建省为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价是新时期国土空间规划中农业空间优化调整的前提,是科学划定农业空间和永久基本农田的必要依据,对保障国家粮食安全和生态安全具有重要意义。构建基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价指标体系,提出资源环境承载力集成方法和农业生产适宜性评价模型,并以福建省为案例开展应用研究。研究表明：农业生产功能指向的资源环境承载力评价包括土地资源类、水资源类、环境类、自然灾害类4种属性的自然要素,依次采用耕种条件、供水条件、环境条件、气象灾害危险性等指标刻画;农业生产适宜性则在承载力分级结果基础上,纳入空间形态类、区位条件类、生产条件类指标,建立适宜性评价模型进行评价;福建省资源环境承载力的高、较高、中等、较低以及低等级比重依次为29.86%、16.27%、12.04%、18.91%和22.91%,高和较高等级区分布于滨海平原、台地及低丘缓坡以及内陆地区的河谷、盆地及山间缓坡区域,全省农业生产适宜区、一般适宜区和不适宜区的比重依次为36.36%、26.76%和36.88%,适宜区具备从事农业生产活动的资源环境综合条件、且田块完整性和耕种便利性优良。案例应用表明,基于资源环境承载力的农业生产空间评价流程可操作性强,可满足农业空间备选区试划需求,已在国土空间规划“双评价”中得到应用;根据承载力与适宜性的“双评价”结果,可按照保留型、整治型和退出型,分类实施农业生产空间优化与整治。 相似文献
3.
我国夏玉米潜在种植分布区的气候适宜性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据我国188 个夏玉米农业气象观测站资料与1971-2000 年10 km×10 km空间分辨率的气候资料,结合国家层次和年尺度筛选出的影响我国玉米种植分布的潜在气候指标,利用最大熵(MaxEnt) 模型和ArcGIS空间分析技术,构建了我国夏玉米潜在种植分布与气候因子关系模型,研究了影响我国夏玉米潜在种植分布的主导气候因子及其气候适宜性。结果表明,影响我国夏玉米潜在种植分布的主导气候因子有：无霜期、年平均温度、≥ 10 oC积温持续天数、≥ 0 oC积温、≥ 10 oC积温、最冷月平均温度、最热月平均温度、年降水;采用夏玉米存在概率这一综合反映各主导因子作用的指标,将我国夏玉米潜在种植分布区划分为4 个等级：最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区,并阐述了各气候适宜区的气候特征。研究结果可为夏玉米种植的科学布局及制定应对气候变化政策提供参考。 相似文献
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Land suitability classification (LSC) is an approach of land evaluation, which measures the degree of appropriateness of land for a specific land use. LSC is governed by a myriad of factors at the local and regional level including physiographic, pedologic and a host of socioeconomic and infrastructural determinants. This has called for the application of different multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques in agricultural LSC. The present study has attempted and compared various MCDM-based agricultural LSCs for Malda District in Eastern India. The study is based on multiple parameters governing agriculture, considering not only the physiographic and pedological attributes (e.g., relief, slope, soil fertility, soil organic carbon, etc.) but also the socioeconomic ones (e.g., the percentage of people engaged in agriculture, cultivator–labor ratio, degree of electrification, etc.). Four major MCDM algorithms have been applied, i.e., composite ranks, composite Z-scores, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted principal component analysis (WPCA). The results were also compared with the crop productivity-based agricultural efficiency. It was observed that about 15.44% of the area of Malda District is highly suitable for agriculture, whereas limited suitability is displayed by about 12.68% of area. The remaining part falls under moderate and marginal suitability classes. Furthermore, WPCA and AHP are superior to the nonparametric techniques of MCDM, namely composite ranks and composite Z-score. Moreover, the results of WPCA are superior to those of AHP. Due to the inherent limitations of the AHP approach, this study proposes the use of WPCA in the domain of agricultural LSC.
相似文献5.
Today, the world's population is rising dramatically, and in line with this increase in the population of food and agricultural products, there must be an increasing in the number of problems associated with this process of agricultural land. Then it is necessary to use the maximum potential of this lands that product maximum yield without any damage. To reach this objective, land suitability evaluation is the most important way that can reach human to this objective. The main objective of this research was to compare different irrigation methods based on a parametric evaluation system in an area of 221402 ha in the Khosouyeh Subbasin of the Fars province, in the south of Iran. After preparing land unit map, 37 points were selected for sampling. Soil properties were evaluated and analyzed. Suitability maps for drop and gravity irrigation were generated using GIS technique. The results revealed land suitability of 98.42% of the case study was classified as permanently not suitable (N2) and 1.52% currently not suitable (N1) for gravity irrigation. On the other hand, land suitability of 77.73% of the case study was classified as permanently not suitability (N2), 6.05% currently not suitable (N1), 12.43% marginally suitable (S3) and 3.79% moderately suitable (S2) for drop irrigation. The limiting factors for both kinds of drop and gravity irrigation are soil depth and slope of land. 相似文献
6.
Relying on the advantages of selenium-rich soil resources, the development of special selenium-rich agricultural industry is an effective measure to implement the rural revitalization strategy. This paper took Yuanzhou district as the research area, based on ecological niche theory, creatively determines the dominant and limiting factors of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization from three aspects of natural resources endowment, land use conditions and ecological protection, constructed the evaluation index system of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and ecological niche suitability index measurement model, and explored the suitability of regional selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and zoning. The research results show that: (1) The area suitable for exploitation of selenium-rich soil resources in the study area is 174658.4 ha, accounting for 68.83% of the total area, mainly distributed around Yuan River and in the central, northern, northwestern and northeastern areas of the study area. (2) Based on the evaluation results of the suitability of selenium-rich soil resources development and utilization and the development of related agricultural industries, the study area was divided into four functional zones of selenium-rich industrial development: core zone, key zone, development zone and radiation zone. The core zone and key zone are suitable for building selenium-rich agricultural industry demonstration area and selenium-rich products breeding production base, and the development zone and radiation zone can vigorously develop selenium-rich modern agriculture and selenium-rich recreation tourism, which will accelerate the development trend of multi-level and diversified selenium-rich industry in study area.This study can provide scientific, reasonable and feasible ideas and methods for the development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources and the planning and development of selenium-rich industries in similar areas. 相似文献
7.
三峡库区山地特色农业与城乡协调发展探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三峡大坝蓄水淹没后，重构与资源环境特质和生态环境目标相适应，与区域经济社会相协调的库区特色产业体系，具有重要的战略意义和价值。三峡库区以山丘地为主，农业资源丰富多样，具有发展山地特色农业的有利条件。大力推进库区农业结构战略性调整，依托特色农业发展培育乡村发展新的经济增长点，不仅有助于库区生态环境建设和人地关系优化，也将有利于库区脱贫致富和统筹城乡协调发展。基于库区垂直地带性分异规律的分析，进行山地土地功能分区研究，提出发挥库区农业资源优势，大力发展山地高效特色农业的模式和对策。 相似文献
8.
耕地资产社会保障功能的空间分异研究——不同农业类型区的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中国人多地少和土地产权二元结构背景下,耕地资源一直是农民的“命根子”,其社会保障功能被认为是社会的稳定器,但近年来这一观点受到越来越多的质疑。目前中国农户耕地的社会保障功能还有多大,迫切需要利用详实的数据进行系统性、定量化的测算。基于此,把拥有承包权的耕地看作农户的一项资产,论文选取都市农业区、集约农业区、平原主粮作物区和山地主粮作物区4类典型农业区,实地调查1025户农户家庭,旨在揭示耕地社会保障功能的空间分异规律。结果表明:作为家庭农业的生产资料,耕地投入农业生产所获收益占家庭总收入的比重在各区最高为50%,其中山区不足7%;作为一项养老保障,家庭耕地资产收益对养老需求的贡献率均不足30%,山区甚至不及3%;作为金融抵押品,若以20万元资金需求为例,户均耕地资产可贷款额度均不超过资金需求的20%,而山区仅为1%。现阶段农户耕地资产的社会保障价值已十分微弱,这有助于给出对新时期农村土地保障功能的科学判断。随着城镇化的推进,不同农业类型区农户的耕地收益及资产价值均不断下降,尤其是在农地利用边际化胁迫下的山区,如何减缓山区耕地弃耕撂荒和耕地资产贬值,无疑是乡村振兴战略实施过程中需要重点关注的问题。 相似文献
9.
中国北方旱地农业研究进展与思考 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
北方旱地农业是指沿昆仑山 -秦岭 -淮河一线以北的依靠天然降水补充灌溉农业的地区 ,可分为干旱、半干旱偏旱、半干旱、半湿润偏旱和半湿润五个子区。从农业资源利用现状与生产实践看 ,北方旱地农业发展潜力巨大 ,增产潜力远没有得到发挥。随着国家对食物安全、生态安全、经济安全的重视 ,旱地农业研究必然提上议事日程。本文从国内外旱地农业研究现状入手 ,对旱地农业的战略地位、国内外研究现状、发展潜力进行了深入分析 ,提出了我国北方旱地农业发展的若干策略 相似文献
10.
Although Ethiopia has abundant land for irrigation, only a fraction of its potential land is being utilized. This study evaluates suitability of lands for irrigation using groundwater in Ethiopia using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques in order to enhance the country's agricultural industry. Key factors that significantly affect irrigation suitability evaluated in this study include physical land features (land use, soil, and slope), climate (rainfall and evapotranspiration), and market access (proximity to roads and access to market). These factors were weighted using a pair-wise comparison matrix, then reclassified and overlaid to identify suitable areas for groundwater irrigation using a 1-km grid. Groundwater data from the British Geological Survey were used to estimate the groundwater potential, which indicates the corresponding irrigation potential for major crops. Results indicated that more than 6 million ha of land are suitable for irrigation in Ethiopia. A large portion of the irrigable land is located in the Abbay, Rift Valley, Omo Ghibe, and Awash River basins. These basins have access to shallow groundwater (i.e., depth of groundwater less than 20 m from the surface) making it easier to extract. The comparison between available groundwater and total crop water requirements indicate that groundwater alone may not be sufficient to supply all suitable land. The study estimates that only 8% of the suitable land can be irrigated with the available shallow groundwater. However, groundwater is a viable option for supplementing surface water resources for irrigation in several basins in the country. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯土地利用生态安全格局优化及方案评价 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
根据不同情景选择符合区域生态环境与社会经济特点的模型方法,已经成为区域土地利用生态安全格局构建的关键。本文以位于中国北方农牧交错带的鄂尔多斯市为研究区,基于自然地理数据、社会经济统计数据、土地利用/覆被数据,将最小累积阻力模型（MCR）引入土地利用生态安全格局的构建过程,并通过景观格局指数分析了基于MCR模型构建的安全格局与基于土地生态适宜性和多目标优化的安全格局的适用条件。结果显示：前者适宜于维持生态安全的情景,有利于降低土地系统中人类活动的生态风险;后者则适宜于维持生态适宜性的情景,有利于降低土地系统中自然因素的生态风险。研究结果对鄂尔多斯市土地资源的可持续利用具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
13.
黄河流域农业绿色发展水平区域差异及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
推进农业绿色发展,是推进农业高质量发展、农业农村现代化和实施乡村振兴战略的重大举措。从资源节约、环境友好、质量高效、乡村发展等4个方面构建评价体系,采用熵值法客观评价了2011—2019年黄河流域的农业绿色发展水平及各省区之间的差异,并运用地理探测器对影响黄河流域农业绿色发展水平空间分异的因素进行探测。结果表明：（1）2011年以来黄河流域九省区农业绿色发展取得了较好的成效,但仍存较大提升空间。资源节约指标得分远高于环境友好、质量高效和乡村发展指标。（2）从时间上看,2011—2019年黄河流域九省区的农业绿色发展水平都得到了较大提升。其中,青海省、甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区的年均增长率较高。从空间上看,2011—2019年,高值省区由1个增长到7个,低值省区由5个降至0个。（3）从流域整体差异来看,黄河流域农业绿色发展水平差异在不断缩小;从区域内部差异来看,下游和中游的内部差异较小,上游的内部差异较大但呈缩小趋势;（4）影响黄河流域农业绿色发展的主要因素有耕地复种指数、单位农业产值耗水量、节水灌溉面积占比、单位播种面积农业总产值、化肥施用强度、农村卫生厕所普及率、单位农业产值机械能耗、水土流失治理水平。 相似文献
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Population growth and land use in Nepal: "the great turnabout" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Historically, Nepal has demonstrated a "great turnabout" trend, in which initial immigration from the lowland areas to the mountains has been replaced by accelerating migration from the hills to the plains. The reason for this reversal has been a rapid growth in population within the confines of limited availability of potentially cultivable land. Given Nepal's slow economic development, the overwhelming majority of increases in population have to be accommodated within the agricultural sector, on which 83% of Nepal's households are dependent. Fundamental land use issues in Nepal include rapid achievement of the final limit of land suitability for cultivation and the speed at which land can be brought into cultivation. The Government of Nepal has developed the objectives of increased food production to provide a satisfactory diet for the population, increased per capita income, improved regional balance in income and development, conservation of natural resources such as land and forests, and overall development of the economy through income generation, export earnings, and release of agricultural labor to other sectors. 3 perspective studies have identified a number of policies and programs that could bring Nepal closer to these goals. These studies analyzed potential land use development, agricultural production, and food availability by the year 2005. Most essential is the need to intensify land use not only in crop agriculture, but also grasslands and forest use. Land must be allocated to uses that represent the most productive use of that land without being degrading. Technologies are available for land use in each of the main types of uses--crop agriculture, livestock, and forests--that can provide protection against land degradation. Finally, irrigation is a key element in raising agricultural output. Close cooperation between the government and the people is crucial for the success of the task of finding a balance between population growth and its demand for services of the land. 相似文献
15.
基于适宜性和安全性评价的干旱区绿洲后备耕地资源开发——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择典型干旱区渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,基于遥感、地理信息系统技术和相关应用软件,在详实的野外实测数据、土地利用数据和遥感数据支持下,应用空间插值、叠置分析、逐步回归、神经网络、层次分析等方法,建立评价模型,进行自然、生态、土地利用和综合适宜性评价,相应确定后备耕地资源开发的适宜性等级、适宜度及其分布;提取三期遥感影像信息并进行分类,根据后备耕地资源利用/覆被类型的特征,构建后备耕地资源开发的安全性指数计算模型,加入水源保证条件限制,构建综合安全性评价模型,进行后备耕地资源开发综合安全性的时空分析;基于适宜性与安全性评价,进行叠置分析、综合性分级。研究表明：后备耕地资源开发综合性等级的区域分布呈现环状特征,适合后备耕地资源开发的区域面积与禁止开发的区域面积数量相差十倍。最后提出后备耕地资源开发的举措建议。 相似文献
16.
现代沟道农业是黄土丘陵沟壑区人地耦合发展形成的一种新兴农业地域类型,其可持续发展对于区域农业高质量发展、“三生”空间优化和乡村振兴具有重大现实意义。从人地系统科学认知出发,对现代沟道农业的内涵、可持续发展方向、典型发展模式和保障体系进行了探讨,并进行了相关研究展望,为系统认识黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道农业模式,推进农业可持续发展提供了理论参考。主要结论：(1)沟道农业是乡村地域系统的重要功能类型,具有多尺度、多层次的特点,其可持续发展应从微观、中观和宏观3个层面,协同解决土壤生态系统、农田生态系统和农业地域系统的可持续发展问题。(2)保障粮食安全和生态安全,积极推进农业结构调整,发展多功能农业,通过“3C”模式,即农业自身内循环、农业外循环、基于农业多功能的农业大循环,实现生产结构优化、产业链条延伸和城乡功能互补。(3)创新推广土地综合整治带动模式、农业结构调整带动模式、特色资源综合开发模式和土地流转规模生产模式,有助于农业提质增效和农业高质量发展。(4)拓展地理学与其他学科的交叉研究,深化“理论-实践”贯通式研究,探索建立涵盖技术研发与应用、人才培养、政策制度支撑等内容于一体的农业生产保障体... 相似文献
17.
This paper quantitatively analyzes the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources in Central Asia by calculating the consumption coefficient of the main resources, including arable land, water and fertilizers. The results of these investigations reveal the following:(1)The average consumption coefficients of cultivated land resources in Central Asia are much higher than the world average value of up to 7.74 m~2/kg, which is 3.6 times that of China, suggesting that the cultivated land resource consumption coefficient of cultivated land resource utilization efficiency is low in the Central Asian region.(2) Up to 80% of available water resources are used for agriculture irrigation. The average agricultural water consumption in Central Asia is about 9.43 m~3/kg, or nearly 9.3 times the average value elsewhere in Asia, indicating that agricultural water use efficiency in this region is very low and water resources are wasted.(3) The fertilizer consumption coefficient in Central Asia is 0.035 kg/kg, which is close to the world average, but the utilization efficiency of fertilizer is relatively high. Therefore, in the future development of agriculture, Central Asia should pay more attention to the management of agricultural water resources in order to improve the utilization efficiency of these resources as well as that of arable land. 相似文献
18.
江西省耕地转移驱动机理 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
构建涵盖农业生产、耕地向建设用地转移和耕地向林/草地转移的江西省土地用途转移驱动机理模型,采用分段估计逐步增加解释变量的方法测度了人口、社会、经济、区位和自然因素等驱动土地用途转移的机理。研究表明,人口规模是江西省土地用途转移的重要驱动力,社会经济因素在短时间内起决定性作用,各种驱动力以各种方式组合来增强或者减弱其对区域土地用途转移的作用效果。其中,农业人口规模及生产投入要素是影响江西省农业生产的主要因素;人口规模、平原面积比例及土地管理政策是江西省耕地向建设用地转移过程的重要解释变量;农业人口比重、地形坡度、粮食产量及非农产业是江西省耕地向林/草地转移过程的重要影响因素,并揭示了解释了江西省在众多驱动力作用下土地用途转移规律。 相似文献
19.
《自然地理学》2013,34(5):457-472
Evaluating the geo-environmental suitability of land for urban construction is an important step in the analysis of urban land use potential. Using geo-environmental factors and the land use status of Hangzhou, China, a back-propagation (BP) neural network model for the evaluation of the geo-environmental suitability of land for urban construction was established with a geographic information system (GIS) and techniques of grid, geospatial, and BP neural network analysis. Four factor groups, comprising nine separate subfactors of geo-environmental features, were selected for the model: geomorphic type, slope, site soil type, stratum steadiness, Holocene saturated soft soil depth, groundwater abundance, groundwater salinization, geologic hazard type, and geologic hazard degree. With the support of the model, the geo-environmental suitability of Hangzhou land for urban construction was divided into four suitability zones: zone I, suitable for super high-rise and high-rise buildings; zone II, suitable for multi-story buildings; zone III, suitable for low-rise buildings; and zone IV, not suitable for buildings. The results showed that a BP neural network can capture the complex non-linear relationships between the evaluation factors and the suitability level, and these results will support scientific decision-making for urban-construction land planning, management, and rational land use in Hangzhou. 相似文献
20.
中国土地利用变化及其影响的空间建模分析 总被引：63，自引：10，他引：53
通过 GIS建模 ,本文分析了我国土地利用的变化与其影响因子之间的相互作用关系 ,并着重对耕地的变化及其空间分布进行了模拟。研究发现 ,土地利用的变化主要是自然与经济因素综合作用的结果 ,并且区分不同的规模尺度与不同的区域类型 ,将对提高土地利用空间变化模型的精度有着重要的影响。 相似文献