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1.
黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙变化趋势及其主控因素的贡献率 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着气候变化和人类活动影响加剧,黄河中游多沙粗沙区的水沙变化剧烈,因此研究影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量的驱动因素对预测未来水沙变化具有重要意义。本文选取Mann-Kendall趋势检验法,Pettitt突变点检验法,位置、尺度、形状的广义可加模型以及累积量斜率变化率比较法对黄河中游多沙粗沙区15个水文站控制流域1956-2010年的年降水量、年径流量以及年输沙量变化特征及其贡献率进行分析,确定影响黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的主要原因。结果表明：① Mann-Kendall趋势检验在5%的显著性水平下,表明降水量虽呈减少趋势但并不显著,径流量和输沙量则有显著的减少趋势;② Pettitt突变点检验得出所研究区域径流量和输沙量的突变年份在1972年、1985年以及1996年左右;③ GAMLSS模型分析结果同样表明降水的均值不随时间发生变化,但降水的方差有减小的趋势;④ 通过累积量斜率变化率比较法得出,人类活动对窟野河流域径流输沙的影响大于无定河流域。通过分析黄河中游多沙粗沙区径流量和输沙量变化的原因,可为黄河中游多沙粗沙区水资源合理分配提供一定的理论支持。 相似文献
2.
河西走廊沙尘暴50 a频率突变检测分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1958年至2007年民勤、敦煌、武威、张掖、景泰的沙尘暴春季发生频次资料,运用滑动t检验和滑动F检验进行突变检测分析,根据检验结果综合确定突变点及其突变强度,寻求沙尘暴发生频率突变规律及产生原因,为沙尘暴发生频率的变化趋势研究和预测提供参考。滑动t检测结果显示,5站点的沙尘暴春季频率突变数量呈现往东部递增的趋势;降低突变较多;升高突变年份集中在20世纪60年代末期和90年代末期,降低突变主要出现在1983年及2002年前后;均值降低突变强度大于升高突变。滑动Ｆ检验结果显示突变均是方差降低突变;河西走廊中东部的沙尘频率波动性差异较其他地区更为显著;方差突变出现在80年代中期及90年代初期,其余时间的波动性的差异维持在一个较低的水平。当对沙尘暴发生频率进行滑动t及滑动F检验时,两种情况下的降低突变检测结果存在一定的对应关系。河西走廊地区的沙尘暴发生频率突变与地面风速、大风日数、降水量及平均气温的突变存在密切联系,可作为沙尘暴频率突变的预测因子。 相似文献
3.
1644-2009年黄河中游旱涝序列重建与特征诊断 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
据清代各县级政区的历史沿革,及现存历史文献资料的详细程度,选取黄河中游18个代表站点,在提高空间分辨率的基础上,采用旱涝等级法与面积加权法重建了1644-2009年各站点旱涝等级序列。利用小波分析、累积距平、滑动t-检验等方法,检测了全区过去366年旱涝发生的周期、阶段性和突变点。结果显示:旱涝序列存在21年、70年、114年左右的多年代际尺度周期信号;1644-1683年、1737-1775年、1885-1921年为多雨期,1684-1736年、1776-1814年、1922-2001年为少雨期;目前黄河中游开始进入雨涝多发期;1815-1895年旱涝波动频繁,气候进入不稳定期;过去366年存在2个由干旱转为雨涝期的气候突变点,分别位于1723-1726和1814-1816年。 相似文献
4.
基于小波多尺度变换的渭河水沙演变规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
关中平原地区是推动陕西省经济社会发展的引擎,其生产总值占陕西省的70%以上,但是水资源短缺、时空分布不均、河流含沙量高等问题严重制约其经济社会的发展。运用小波变换、滑动t检验、累积距平以及Yamamoto、Mann-Kendall等方法系统分析了1935-2011年渭河水沙序列演变规律。研究结果显示：77 a间除20世纪70年代、80年代外,其它年代渭河华县站水沙变化波动下降的匹配趋势均一致,其中径流量减流速度大于输沙量减沙速度;渭河水沙序列周期变化不一,径流量变化的主周期依次为38 a、14 a、4 a,输沙量变化的主周期依次为15 a、49 a、43 a、4 a;除输沙量49 a变化周期外,其他水沙变化周期大致相近;由于渭河输沙量变化所受气候及人类活动的影响远较径流量复杂,加之水沙异源,所以渭河华县站输沙量周期变化及突变点分布情况比径流量变化复杂,且其第一主周期变化呈现独特的变化态势。 相似文献
5.
位于柴达木盆地南缘中部的格尔木河是盆地内第二大河流,利用收集到的格尔木水文站1991年至2018年共28年的地表径流日监测数据,采用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendall(MK)检验法和滑动t检验法(Moving t-test,MTT),以及滑动移除近似熵(Moving Cut data-Approximate Entropy,MC-ApEn)法对径流数据进行了趋势和突变特征分析。结果表明:1)格尔木河流域径流量年际变化相对稳定,呈现缓慢增加趋势,其速率为1.89×108 m3·(10a)-1,但年内平均径流量变化极不均衡,夏秋季径流量相对较大,占年径流总量的53.86%,其中7月径流量最大,占年径流总量的14.6%。2)联合MC-ApEn方法和MTT方法能准确确定出突变点位置,突变探测能力较好。MK方法和MTT方法分别受时间序列长度和时间窗大小的影响,难以准确识别出突变特征,其中MK方法仅能识别出较少的突变点。3)根据MK方法得出的结果,格尔木河年月日尺度的流量序列数据的突变点位于2007年附近,可能与2007年的流量幅值偏小有关。联合MC-ApEn方法和滑动t检验法,在月尺度序列上给出的稳定突变点分布在1996年、2001年、2009年和2015年,结合2010年格尔木发生的大洪水事件,2009年的突变可能指示了该次事件的异常。 相似文献
6.
2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减归因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2000年以来,黄河输沙量锐减。科学认识黄河输沙量变化原因,具有重要意义。以河龙区间为研究对象,分析了河龙区间输沙量变化趋势,构建了梯田、淤地坝以及植被等大规模生态建设措施的减沙贡献率计算方法,阐述了2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减原因,针对河龙区间输沙量变化趋势和治理格局,提出了河龙区间治理对策。主要结论为：① 1952-2017年,河龙区间年降水量无显著变化趋势,研究区年输沙量呈现极显著减少趋势（p < 0.001）;② 1979年和1999年为研究区输沙量发生突变的两个时间节点（p < 0.05）,1952-1979年区间年均输沙量为9.30亿t,1980-1999年区间年均输沙量为4.20亿t,2000-2017年均输沙量大幅降至1.03亿t,降幅达89%;③ 受植被和梯田共同影响,2000-2015年研究区坡面土壤侵蚀量变化介于1.90亿~5.13亿t之间,且呈下降趋势;2000-2011年河龙区间淤地坝年均拦沙量为1.38亿t;④ 植被恢复是河龙区间输沙量减少的主要原因,贡献率为54%,梯田和淤地坝合计贡献了34%,水库拦沙和引水取沙贡献了12%;⑤ 植被恢复主要导致径流含沙量降低,而淤地坝建设主要降低了流域泥沙输移比。 相似文献
7.
利用1974—2012年榆林市年均气温、年降水量观测资料,采用线性趋势分析、累积距平分析等方法分析了该市39年来的气候变化特征及其趋势,采用Morlet小波分析方法分析了气候序列的变化周期,还综合累积距平分析、Mann-Kendall检验以及不同子序列尺度的Yamamoto分析、滑动t检验等多种方法以准确判断气温、降水量序列的突变点。结果表明：39年间榆林市升温幅度高于减湿幅度,年均气温和年降水量变化呈负相关,2006年以来出现弱度的减温增湿;气温、降水量变化分别存在冷暖与干湿位交替的多时间尺度变化特征,其主周期分别为13、8～9、30、5年和3年、8～9年;39年间榆林市气温和降水量序列突变点不一,而且降水量序列突变不明显;判断气候序列突变点时,宜采用多种诊断方法以提高判断结果的准确性。 相似文献
8.
用树木年轮重建阿勒泰东部6-7月平均温度序列 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用采自阿勒泰中东部地区8个树轮采样点的西伯利亚落叶松树轮资料,建立宽度年表。分析这些年表与气候要素的相关性发现,标准化年表序列与该地区青河气象站6—7月的月平均气温存在显著的正相关关系,最高单相关为卓勒萨依ZLS年表,相关系数为0.555（P＜0.0001）,且具有明显的树木生理学意义。用卓勒萨依t和卓勒萨依t+3两个树轮标准化年表序列,可较好地重建该地区过去394 a来6—7月月平均气温序列,交叉检验表明,重建方程稳定可靠。分析发现,阿勒泰东部地区394 a来的气温重建序列具有7个偏冷和7个偏暖阶段,和2.7~3.7 a,43.7 a,52.4 a的显著冷暖变化准周期。月平均气温重建序列存在10个突变点,其中在1669年,1714年,1762年,1802年和1939年前后为初夏月平均气温由低向高突变,而在1691年,1732年,1781年,1919年和1963年前后是自高温向低温突变。 相似文献
9.
近60年来嘉陵江流域水沙变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
嘉陵江是长江上游流量较大的一条支流,也是三峡水库重要的泥沙来源地,近年来,流域内产流产沙规律均发生了显著变化。本文基于Spearman相关分析、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析了北碚站1954—2017年间径流、泥沙序列变化特征,并结合气象要素、人类活动情况等讨论了主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)近60年来嘉陵江流域径流量呈微弱下降趋势,而输沙量呈大幅度下降趋势,近几年来的输沙量延续了前50年的下降趋势;(2)径流量分别在1967年和1985年发生突变,输沙量在1968年发生突变(p0.05);(3)降水主要影响嘉陵江流域径流量变化,而生态工程建设、水利工程运行等人类活动是输沙量减少的主要因素,在减沙贡献中,水利工程的减沙效益大于生态工程。本文的研究结果对于防洪、河道整治和河流管理具有指导意义。 相似文献
10.
利用清代黄河上中游3个站点的志桩尺寸记录,通过建立回归模型反演了1766-1911年的逐年径流量,重建了兰州、青铜峡和三门峡1766-2000年的逐年汛期径流量序列,再结合河源段唐乃亥站1766-2000年的逐年径流量,构建了河源—上游—中游4个站点的径流量序列,这是目前利用历史文献记录能够获得的最为清晰的黄河径流量曲线。研究显示,19世纪中期出现在黄河下游的沉重“河患”是由青铜峡—三门峡河段内的径流量突变所致,而20世纪20年代的枯水时段从河源段到中游段都存在,但其不是突变造成。同时,研究也揭示出太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）与黄河上中游径流量在年代际尺度上存在着阶段性的反相位关系,20世纪前期和中期,8~16年尺度上在4个站点的径流量都有反相位关系出现;在19世纪30-50年代,PDO与流量在4~6年尺度上的反相位关系在兰州和三门峡断面都较为明显。交互小波分析显示,PDO与黄河上中游汛期水量在8~16年尺度上存在着较为明显的反相关关系,但只存在于三门峡和兰州断面。这一关系也许表明,黄河上中游产流区的夏季降雨量与PDO的关系具有较为明显的时间和空间差异性。 相似文献
11.
湖南四水入洞庭湖水沙演变及成因分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以湖南四水入洞庭湖的代表性控制站1951-2009年长系列水文数据为基础,运用Mann-Kendall趋势突变检验等方法探讨水沙演变过程并分析了其成因。结果表明:四水年径流量变化比较复杂,存在多个上升-下降过程,但总体上无明显上升或下降趋势;年输沙量总体上呈明显下降趋势,且突变时间存在差异,湘水是1996年,资水是1973-1974年,沅水是1997-1998年,澧水是1998年。年径流量的减少、植被覆盖增加以及大中型水库的建设等综合作用是2001年后年输沙量较大幅度减少的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
This paper examines the changes in the time series of water discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River into the Bohai Sea. To determine the characteristics of abrupt changes and multi-scale periods of water discharge and sediment load, data from Lijin station were analyzed, and the resonance periods were then calculated. The Mann-Kendall test, order clustering, power-spectrum, and wavelet analysis were used to observe water discharge and sediment load into the sea over the last 62 years. The most significant abrupt change in water discharge into the sea occurred in 1985, and an abrupt change in sediment load happened in the same year. Significant decreases of 64.6% and 73.8% were observed in water discharge and sediment load, respectively, before 1985. More significant abrupt changes in water discharge and sediment load were observed in 1968 and 1996. The characteristics of water discharge and sediment load into the Bohai Sea show periodic oscillation at inter-annual and decadal scales. The main periods of water discharge are 9.14 years and 3.05 years, whereas the main periods of sediment load are 10.67 years, 4.27 years, and 2.78 years. The significant resonance periods between water discharge and sediment load are observed at the following temporal scales: 2.86 years, 4.44 years, and 13.33 years. Water discharge and sediment load started to decrease after 1970 and has decreased significantly since 1985 for several reasons. Firstly, the precipitation of the Yellow River drainage area has reduced since 1970. Secondly, large-scale human activities, such as the building of reservoirs and floodgates, have increased. Thirdly, water and soil conservation have taken effect since 1985. 相似文献
13.
Response of bankfull discharge to discharge and sediment load in the Lower Yellow River 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Baosheng Wu Guangqian Wang Junqiang Xia Xudong Fu Yuanfeng Zhang 《Geomorphology》2008,100(3-4):366-376
This paper presents a study on the response of bankfull discharge to incoming discharge and sediment load based on long-term hydrological and bankfull discharge data measured on the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The analysis indicated that the bankfull discharge was a function of the preceding 5 to 6 years' flow regimes, revealing that bankfull channel dimensions were a result of the accumulative effect of several consecutive years' flow discharge and sediment load conditions. In other words, the mean relaxation time was about 5 to 6 years for channel adjustment. Theoretical methods for the prediction of bankfull discharge were developed, in which the response time or the relaxation time was fully considered. Testing of the methods using data observed at five hydrologic stations in the lower reaches of the Yellow River from 1960 to 2003 showed that the proposed methods can predict the variation of bankfull discharge in response to changes in the incoming discharge and sediment load. The proposed methods hold promise for predicting the magnitude and trend of channel response to other rivers undergoing aggradation or degradation from changes in hydrologic or sediment regime. 相似文献
14.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(9)
The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980 s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities(e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m3 above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities(e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors(e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m3 and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. 相似文献
15.
Analysis of the contribution of multiple factors to the recent decrease in discharge and sediment yield in the Yellow River Basin,China 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
The Yellow River basin is well known for its high sediment yield. However, this sediment yield has clearly decreased since the 1980s, especially after the year 2000. The annual average sediment yield was 1.2 billion tons before 2000, but has significantly decreased to 0.3 billion tons over the last 10 years. Changes in discharge and sediment yield for the Yellow River have attracted the attention of both the Central Government and local communities. This study aimed to identify the individual contributions of changes in precipitation and human activities (e.g. water conservancy projects, terracing, silt dams, socio-economic and needs, and soil and water conservation measures) to the decrease in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. The study used both improved the hydrological method and the soil and water conservation method. The study focused on discharge analysis for the upper reaches and the investigation of sediments for the middle reaches of the river. The results showed that discharge and sediment yield have both presented significant decreasing trends over the past 50 years. Precipitation showed an insignificant decreasing trend over the same period. The annual average discharge decreased by 5.68 billion m3 above Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2012; human activities (e.g. socio-economic water use) contributed 43.4% of the total reduction, whereas natural factors (e.g. evaporation from lakes, wetlands and reservoirs) accounted for 56.6%. The decrease in annual discharge and sediment yield of the section between Hekouzhen station and Tongguan station were 12.4 billion m3 and 1.24 billion tons, respectively. Human activities contributed 76.5% and 72.2% of the total reduction in discharge and sediment yield, respectively, and were therefore the dominant factors in the changes in discharge and sediment yield of the Yellow River. 相似文献
16.
黄河中游小流域坡沟侵蚀关系研究 总被引：35，自引：5，他引：30
根据坡面水下沟时在沟坡（道）上“净产沙增量”的概念,探讨了沿程含沙水流侵蚀特性的变化和坡沟侵蚀关系及产沙机理,并采用成因分析法定量确定了典型小流域的泥沙来源。 相似文献
17.
In order to find out the variation process of water-sediment and its effect on the Yellow River Delta, the water discharge and sediment load at Lijin from 1950 to 2007 and the decrease of water discharge and sediment load in the Yellow River Basin caused by human disturbances were analyzed by means of statistics. It was shown that the water discharge and sediment load into the sea were decreasing from 1950 to 2007 with serious fluctuation. The human activities were the main cause for decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea. From 1950 to 2005, the average annual reduction of water discharge and sediment load by means of water-soil conservation practices were 2.02×109 m3 and 3.41×108 t respectively, and the average annual volume by water abstraction for industry and agriculture were 2.52×1010 m3 and 2.42×108 t respectively. The average sediment trapped by Sanmenxia Reservoir was 1.45×108 t from 1960 to 2007, and the average sediment retention of Xiaolangdi Reservoir was 2.398×108 t from 1997 to 2007. Compared to the data records at Huanyuankou, the water discharge and sediment load into the sea decreased with siltation in the lower reaches and increased with scouring in the lower reaches. The coastline near river mouth extended and the delta area increased when the ratio of accumulative sediment load and accumulative water discharge into the sea (SSCT) is 25.4–26.0 kg/m3 in different time periods. However, the sharp decrease of water discharge and sediment load into the sea in recent years, especially the Yellow River into the sea at Qing 8, the entire Yellow River Delta has turned into erosion from siltation, and the time for a reversal of the state was about 1997. 相似文献