共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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沟谷网络是黄土高原流域地貌的重要侵蚀产沙区和最主要的产沙运移通道,深入了解沟谷网络的形成过程和演化特征,对黄土高原小流域的水土保持综合治理、生态恢复和流域地貌演化过程研究具有重要意义.然而,流域内部沟谷网络的发育演化过程与整个流域地貌演化过程的相互作用机制尚未得到有效揭示.该文基于室内人工降雨试验条件下获取的9期人工模拟黄土小流域DEM数据,提出一种表征流域地貌系统内部沟谷网络演化有序程度的方法,并利用小流域地貌系统的势能信息熵及其熵变规律对沟谷网络演化过程及其变化特征进行研究.结果表明:在该实验条件下,以侵蚀为主的均质黄土小流域在地貌发育的幼年期,势能信息熵呈不断减小态势,沟谷网络有序性不断增强,在幼年期末达到最高;进入壮年期后,势能信息熵呈缓慢增加态势,沟谷网络有序性受到一定程度破坏,演化特征与该系统势能信息熵的熵变特征及流域地貌侵蚀发育阶段高度一致,流域地貌的势能信息熵和沟谷网络有序演化特征能有效指示流域地貌的侵蚀发育阶段. 相似文献
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地貌信息熵在地震后泥石流危险性评价中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地貌信息熵可以表示流域地貌面受侵蚀的程度,是判断地貌发育演化阶段的量化指标之一。基于流域系统地貌信息熵的原理和方法,采用GIS技术和Matlab、SPSS软件,对"5·12"汶川地震后都江堰市深溪沟流域内41个子流域的面积-高程积分值和地貌信息熵进行计算,研究了各个子流域的地貌发育演化基本特征和泥石流发育情况,并将分析结果和地震后野外实际调查的成果进行了对比研究,结果表明:在烈度为Ⅺ的都江堰深溪沟地震重灾区,地震引发的大量崩塌、滑坡导致松散固体物质广泛堆积于沟道内,不仅为泥石流提供丰富的物源,而且使沟道局部的地貌发生了突变,但通过"地貌信息熵"这种方法无法表达丰富物源的变化和沟道地貌的突变,因此,根据地貌信息熵判断地震后泥石流的危险性具有一定的局限性。为了使地震区泥石流危险性评价的结果更加真实、可靠与可信,必须结合流域的实际情况,对地貌信息熵判定的危险性结果进行综合分析与修正,或者通过多种评价方法进行对比论证和分析。 相似文献
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秦岭-黄淮平原交界带地貌演化阶段的信息熵判定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
地地貌信息熵计算方法和涵义讨论的基础上，计算了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带面积大于100km^2各流域的地貌信息熵值，进而分析了秦岭-黄淮平原交界带的地貌定化阶段。得出以下结论；该区地貌演化处于壮年期和老年期的过渡阶段；各流域坡面形状多为下凹形为主，但山地整体的坡面形状近于直线形。 相似文献
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黄土高原流域地貌系统的地貌演化特征十分复杂,尚有诸多科学问题有待进一步深入研究。以往研究大多集中在流域地貌演化的侵蚀和发育特征等某一方面,缺乏从流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的视角深入剖析野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌演化特征的研究。为此,基于系统论的观点和方法,构建多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统及其势能信息熵的数学模型,并以辛店沟小流域为例,对其地貌演化特征进行研究。结果表明：（1）构建的野外多岩土层黄土小流域地貌系统的概念模型及其势能信息熵的数学模型能够有效对辛店沟小流域进行数值模拟。（2）以黄土侵蚀作用为主的辛店沟小流域从2000—2019年的地貌演化过程是其势能信息熵的熵减过程和黄土地貌不断侵蚀的过程。（3）辛店沟小流域的势能信息熵能较好地反映该小流域的地貌演化阶段和地貌侵蚀过程。 相似文献
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晚新生代以来,青藏高原北东向扩展,致使祁连山地区遭受了强烈的构造隆升,造就了祁连山地区复杂的构造格局和急剧变化的构造地貌,其典型水系流域地貌特征揭示了该地区的新构造活动和地貌演化过程。庄浪河流域位于祁连山东段,作为青藏高原北东向扩展的前缘地区,庄浪河流域的地貌参数对构造活动非常敏感,提取庄浪河流域的地貌信息,有助于揭示祁连山东段庄浪河流域地貌对构造活动的响应,及系统探讨该区地貌发育特征及其所蕴含的构造意义。庄浪河流域内及边缘发育有庄浪河断裂、天祝盆地南缘断裂、疙瘩沟隐伏断裂以及金强河-毛毛山-老虎山断裂。晚新生代以来,这些断裂仍在活动,并且控制着流域内的构造变形、山体隆升和河流水系地貌发育。本研究采用ALOS DEM 12.5 m数据,基于ArcGIS空间分析技术,通过高程条带剖面、河流坡降指标体系（K,SL,SL/K）和Hack剖面、面积-高程积分值（HI）和积分曲线（HC）等方法,对庄浪河流域地貌特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,庄浪河地区地形起伏由北西向南东递减,构造活动存在东西分异的规律;庄浪河流域内部K值、SL、SL/K、HI值西侧高于东侧,Hack剖面西侧相比东侧上凸更明显;H... 相似文献
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流域地貌演化的不同阶段沟壑密度与切割深度关系研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
主要探讨了在流域地貌演化的不同阶段,沟壑密度与切割深度的复杂关系,建立了沟壑密度随切割深度变化的理论极值模型及相应阶段的函数,补充了各演化阶段地貌形态要素的定量、定性描述;反之,可用沟壑密度与切割深度的关系推断流域地貌的演化阶段。 相似文献
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陕北洛河流域地貌演化阶段的定量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据洛河流域地貌南北纵向区域分布规律,并参考张宗祜先生(1986)编制的"中国黄土高原地貌类型图",将洛河流域由南至北依次划分为洛川黄土塬区、甘泉一志丹黄土梁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区及吴起黄土峁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区3个地貌区。借助于GIS的空间分析功能,对洛河流域3种不同地貌绘制了Strahler曲线,采用高程积分法、信息熵法、侵蚀积分值法进行计算。结果表明:3种地貌区均属于壮年期地貌发育数量特征值范围,说明洛河流域总体的发育状态已经开始进入壮年期,但不同地貌分区的发育阶段不尽相同;洛河流域不同地貌的面积-高程积分曲线的S值大小排列顺序为:吴起黄土峁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区< 洛川黄土塬区< 甘泉一志丹黄土梁状(为主)丘陵沟壑区,与理论情况不相符。分析认为,这可能是由于近年来洛川黄土塬区侵蚀强度增加对洛川黄土塬区的地貌发育产生了一定的影响。 相似文献
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黄河中游流域地貌形态对流域产沙量的影响 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：13
在黄河中游地区 ,选择了 5 0多个面积约 5 0 0～ 2 5 0 0平方公里的水文测站流域 ,分别代表 6种不同自然地理类型 ,在流域沟壑密度、沟间地坡度小于 15°面积百分比等地貌形态指标量计的基础上 ,进行了流域产沙量与地貌形态指标相关分析。结果表明 ,对于不同类型流域 ,流域产沙量随流域地貌的变化遵循不同的响应规律 ,而且视流域其它下垫面环境条件的均一程度 ,其相关程度和响应速率各不相同。受地面物质、植被、地貌发育阶段等流域其它下垫面环境条件的制约 ,除沟壑密度外 ,流域产沙量与流域地貌形态的关系都没有人们以前所预期的好。 相似文献
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基于Strahler面积—高程分析的云南石林县域喀斯特地貌演化的量化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于异质性喀斯特地貌结构与喀斯特保护地整体保护利用的关系,将水平蚀低垂直加深的喀斯特地貌发育机制落实于地理信息系统支持的Strahler面积—高程分析,形成整体、海拔段和内部洼地的面积—高程曲线与积分值指标组,以量化石林县域喀斯特地貌演化。结果表明不同地貌发育特征的不同地形面具有不同的Strahler值,其差异和规律性有一定的指示价值。石林县四级海拔梯级地貌处于壮年晚期,为断裂切割与巴江侵蚀基准面差异性控制下的孤丘夷平面分解,属同期异构的回春型地貌区。> 2100 m海拔段为孤丘夷平构造侵蚀溶原中山,洼地不发育。1900~2100 m海拔段为孤丘夷平面转向孤丘溶原洼地、峰丛洼地,暗河不发育。1700~1900 m海拔段为溶丘洼地斜坡,由蚀余状石林—剑状石林—覆盖石林—烘烤石林组成的石林垂直层状结构与溶丘—洼地—暗河—泉群—河谷盆地组成的水平梯级地貌结构,它是水平与垂直地貌过程的融合产物。石林发育区既为水源形成区,也为水土流失区。这是石林保护地整体保护利用的地貌动力依据。 相似文献
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贺兰山水系流域数值地貌特征及其构造指示意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于Arcgis9.3与ASTER GDEM数据,提取了贺兰山两侧主要水系及其流域边界,根据河流及流域指标提取河流纵剖面、流域的Strahler曲线,并计算其面积高度积分值（Hypsometric Intergral）、河流纵剖面的凹度值（Concavity）。通过HI值、凹度值同河流落差、河流长度、流域面积之间相关性分析发现,后3种地貌参数与HI值、凹度值间的相关性较差。对比分析贺兰山两侧河流HI值及凹度值发现：贺兰山东侧北段活动性大于南段,西侧构造活动性分布规律不明显。结合9条河流所处流域的Strahler曲线、河流纵剖面形态和HI值、凹度值分析发现：汝箕沟及其以北贺兰山地区处于地形演化的老年期,汝箕沟以南贺兰山段处于均衡调整的壮年期。 相似文献
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陕北黄土高原沟道小流域形态特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文就黄土高原不同地貌类型区的小流域进行了形态量计分析。并以河网密度为地表切割程度指标,建立了河网密度与流域形态要素的复相关方程式。 相似文献
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Planation surfaces in Northern Ethiopia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Planation surfaces are an old-fashioned topic in geomorphology, but they are nevertheless important where they make up much of the landscape. Northern Ethiopia is largely a stepped topography, caused by differential erosion. Exhumation of old planation surfaces that were preserved under sedimentary or volcanic cover is an important process in landscape evolution. The oldest planation surface is of early Palaeozoic age (PS1); the second is Late Triassic (PS2); and the third is of Early Cretaceous age (PS3). The Oligocene Trap Volcanics buried a surface (PS4) of early Tertiary age, which is now widely exposed by erosion as a surface that, where flat enough, is an exhumed planation surface. The surfaces do not relate to the supposed Africa-wide pediplain sequence of King [King, L.C., 1975. Planation surfaces upon highlands. Z. Geomorph. NF 20 (2), 133–148.], either in mode of formation and age. Although the region is tropical, there is scarce evidence of deep weathering and few indications that the surfaces could be regarded as etchplains. These surfaces indicate that eastern Africa underwent long episodes of tectonic quiescence during which erosion processes were able to planate the surface at altitudes not too far from sea level. Only after the onset of rifting processes, uplift became active and transformed a vast lowland plain into the present Ethiopian highlands, largely exceeding 2500 m a.s.l. Some hypotheses and speculations on the genesis of these surfaces are considered here. 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘水系的演化历史长期存在着重大争议,鉴于任一水系的形成演化都是通过主要河谷的发育及其不断延展与整合完成的,因此确定河谷发育的起始时代是研究水系演化的关键。本文针对渭河上游三阳川盆地最高级阶地形成时代的研究,发现李家小湾河流阶地砾石层的ESR年代为1.26±0.15 Ma和1.32±0.19 Ma,26Al/10Be埋藏年代为1.45±0.70 Ma和1.04±0.43 Ma,说明该段河谷形成于早更新世晚期。综合青藏高原东缘夷平面、剥蚀面与河流阶地的研究成果,推断该区现代河谷系列主要形成于1.2 Ma以后,河流平均下切速率较高,为0.1~0.32 m/ka,指示了中更新世以来该区快速的地表抬升与河谷发育过程;而其前少数地段的先成河谷下切速率介于0.04~0.29 m/ka之间,说明区域地势总体低平,地表过程以剥蚀夷平为主,即高原东缘的现今水系格局主要是第四纪期间构造和气候共同作用下河流侵蚀的产物。 相似文献
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Li-Yang Xiong Guo-An Tang Ye-Qing Qian 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(2):387-404
Residual upland planation surfaces serve as strong evidence of peneplains during long intervals of base-level stability in the peneplanation process. Multi-stage planation surfaces could aid the calculation of uplift rates and the reconstruction of upland plateau evolution. However, most planation surfaces have been damaged by crustal uplift, tectonic deformation, and surface erosion, thus increasing the difficulty in automatically identifying residual planation surfaces. This study proposes a peak-cluster assessment method for the automatic identification of potential upland planation surfaces. It consists of two steps: peak extraction and peak-cluster characterization. Three critical parameters, namely, landform planation index (LPI), peak elevation standard deviation, and peak density, are employed to assess peak clusters. The proposed method is applied and validated in five case areas in the Tibetan Plateau using a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM DEM) with 3 arc-second resolution. Results show that the proposed method can effectively extract potential planation surfaces, which are found to be stable with different resolutions of DEM data. A significant planation characteristic can be obtained in the relatively flat areas of the Gangdise–Nyainqentanglha Mountains and Qaidam Basin. Several vestiges of potential former planation areas are also extracted in the hilly-gully areas of the western part of the Himalaya Mountains, the northern part of the Tangula–Hengduan Mountains, and the northeastern part of the Kunlun–Qinling Mountains despite the absence of significant topographical features characterized by low slope angles or low terrain reliefs. Vestiges of planation surfaces are also identified in these hilly-gully upland areas. Hence, the proposed method can be effectively used to extract potential upland planation surfaces not only in flat areas but also in hilly-gully areas. 相似文献
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Relief-rejuvenation and topographic length scales in a fluvial drainage basin, Napf area, Central Switzerland 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
This paper explores how, and to what extent, a phase of relief-rejuvenation modifies the mode of surface erosion in an approximately 63 km2 drainage basin located at the northern border of the Swiss Alps (Luzern area). In the study area, the retreat of the Alpine glaciers at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) caused base level to lower by approximately 80 m. The fluvial system adapted to the lowered base level by headward erosion. This is indicated by knickzones in the longitudinal stream profiles and by the continuous upstream narrowing of the width of the valley floor towards these knickzones. In the headwaters above these knickzones, processes are still to a significant extent controlled by the higher base level of the LGM. There, frequent exposure of bedrock in channels and especially on hillslopes implies that sediment flux is to a large extent limited by weathering rates. In the knickzones, however, exposure of bedrock in channels implies that sediment flux is supply-limited, and that erosion rates are controlled by stream power.The morphometric analysis reveals the existence of length scales in the topography that result from distinct geomorphic processes. Along the tributaries where the upstream sizes of the drainage basins exceed 100,000–200,000 m2, the mode of sediment transport and erosion changes from predominantly hillslope processes (i.e., landsliding, creep of regolith, rock avalanches and to some extent debris flows) to processes in channels (fluvial processes and debris flows). This length scale reflects the minimum size of the contributing area for channelized processes to take over in the geomorphic development (i.e., threshold size of drainage basin). This threshold size depends on the ratio between production rates of sediment on hillslopes, and export rates of sediment by processes in channels. Consequently, in the headwaters, erosion rates and sediment flux, and hence landscape evolution rates, are to a large extent limited by weathering processes. In contrast, in the lower portion of the drainage basin that adjusts to the lowered base-level, rates of channelized erosion and relief formation are controlled mainly by stream power. Hence, this paper shows that base-level lowering, headward erosion and establishment of knickzones separate drainage basins in two segments with different controls on rates of surface erosion, sediment flux and relief formation. 相似文献