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1.
长江河口北槽非均匀泥沙起动分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
胡刚 《云南地理环境研究》2004,16(4):18-21
20世纪80年代后期以来,长江河口的北槽被开辟为上海港的入海通道,深水航道工程也在此修建,现在长江口的深水航道工程一期工程已经结束,一期工程后的航道治理的效果如何,其主要指标之一是看航道泥沙的落淤的程度,泥沙回淤港池的动力条件很复杂,而多种动力条件引起的泥沙起动也是判断河槽冲淤的重要特性之一.利用一期工程结束后2003年长江河口北槽枯季调查的资料和窦国仁、张瑞瑾、唐存本的泥沙起动公式,计算长江河口北槽的泥沙起动流速,并对结果和实测值进行了对比,得到深水航道所在的北槽底部泥沙的流速远大于该地泥沙的起动流速,故河槽将进一步加深,向更有利的方向发展. 相似文献
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长江口北槽深水航道工程对周边滩涂冲淤影响研究 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
采用长江口深水航道治理一、二期工程实施前后的地形资料,在G IS软件及相关的统计分析软件的支持下,分析治理工程对九段沙(包括江亚南沙)和横沙东滩冲淤演变的影响。结果表明:工程建设6年来两岸滩涂面积增长了97 km2,其中横沙东滩优先采取了促淤工程,淤积规模较大,滩地面积累计增长了46 km2,是工程前的1.68倍;九段沙的淤积主要是受整治工程南导堤的影响,其中九段上沙及江亚南沙淤积最为强烈,工程后的面积分别是工程前的1.83倍和2.34倍。 相似文献
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《中国地理与资源文摘》2004,(4)
P748 2004042785从长江口南汇东滩冲淤变化探讨合理选择促淤造陆边界=Erosion一de,〕sition anal邓15 on east Nanhui tidal nat of YangtseRiver estuary and seientifie deeision饭兀derlinea议残】t aceelerat-ing reclaim and marking land尹李茂田,陈中原…//长江流域 17.资源与环境一2004,13(4)一365一369 利用数字高程模型和地理信息系统,研究长江口南汇东岸1996一1999年的冲淤演变规律,结果表明:o.ses一lm高程带为南汇边滩冲淤平衡带,年平均冲刷率为:0.007m/a,在此带以上,滩涂多为淤积,此带以下,滩涂为冲刷.结合长江口水文泥沙的… 相似文献
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林国雄 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2005,20(4):6-9
罗源湾自然条件优越,为适应港口发展,应建设深水航道.本文根据大量的现场实测资料,对罗源湾的水沙特性和滩槽演变规律进行了分析探讨.在此基础上,对航道工程实施后的泥沙回淤和淤积量进行了分析和计算.研究结果表明,罗源湾滩槽稳定,工程实施后的回淤不会对航道产生较大影响. 相似文献
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长江三角洲前缘近十余年的冲淤演变及工程影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杜景龙 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(5):80-85,113
根据1994-2008年国家专业部门测量的长江口口门区水下地形图及相关数据资料,分析了长江河口三角洲近十余年的冲淤过程:1)在长江来沙显著减少的背景下,三角洲出现了由淤到冲的转换,1994-2000年、2000-2008年,长江口门研究区(1 500 km2)净淤积量分别为7.25亿m3(1.21亿m3/a)和-1.23亿m3(-0.15亿m3/a),冲淤转换的临界输沙率约为2.97亿t(大通站).冲淤转换的时间大约发生在2000-2002年;2)三峡水库蓄水加速了长江来沙的减少,近几年入海泥沙减少和河口口门区出现的冲刷有一半左右归因于三峡工程的运行;3)2000年以来,河口口门外水深超过7 m的大部分区域处于蚀退,尤以10～20m区域侵蚀最为强烈,但0m以上潮间带滩地较前一时段淤积加强,1994-2008年,四大滩地的面积平均增长了约34.2％.研究结果表明:入海泥沙减少是长江三角洲由淤积转为侵蚀的主要原因,三峡水库蓄水加剧了长江入海泥沙的减少及三角洲的侵蚀,河口滩地的逆势淤积是近年一系列的河口重大工程影响的结果. 相似文献
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罗源湾滩槽演变及深水航道回淤研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗源湾自然条件优越,为适应港口发展,应建设深水航道.本文根据大量的现场实测资料,对罗源湾的水沙特性和滩槽演变规律进行了分析探讨.在此基础上,对航道工程实施后的泥沙回淤和淤积量进行了分析和计算.研究结果表明,罗源湾滩槽稳定,工程实施后的回淤不会对航道产生较大影响. 相似文献
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为了解剧烈开发背景下长江口浅滩的演变特征,运用GIS技术建立1879年以来长江口地区水下数字高程模型(DEM),再现百余年来长江口长兴岛—横沙岛和九段沙浅滩的演变过程,并计算浅滩的面积、体积、冲淤量和冲淤厚度。结果表明:百余年来长兴岛—横沙岛和九段沙浅滩总体上呈淤涨趋势,并沿东南方向向海推进;长江流域中上游的开发和保护以及河口地区重大工程对浅滩演变的影响越来越大。 相似文献
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利用长江口1982-2010年间4个年份的高精度实测地形数据、大通站输沙量数据以及河口工程建设信息等,分3个阶段研究了长江口整体冲淤规律、不同分区冲淤变化时空差异、重点断面垂向冲淤特征、水下三角洲重要区域 (崇明东滩、横沙浅滩、九段沙以及南汇东滩) 的演变趋势与受控因素。结果表明：(1) 近30年长江口整体上表现为略微冲刷,冲刷面积占51.83%,在3个阶段中呈现出“冲刷—淤积—再冲刷”的冲淤演化态势,且冲淤变化时空差异显著,仅长江北港区为持续冲刷。(2) 崇明东滩和横沙浅滩东侧和北侧、九段沙北侧以及南汇东滩的5 m以浅区域以垂向淤积为主,而崇明东滩和横沙浅滩南侧、九段沙东侧和南侧的5 m以浅区域则以垂向冲刷为主。(3) 长江口重要区域2 m和5 m等深线包络面积整体上是不断增加的,1982-2010年时段内年均增加量分别为10.42 km2/a和7.99 km2/a,但各分区则表现不一致;10 m等深线包络面积在整体上及各个分区内均表现为明显减小;15 m等深线包络面积变幅较小,基本保持稳定状态;(4) 受河口工程建设影响,仅崇明东滩水下三角洲等深线包络面积减小的趋势与大通站输沙量减少趋势相同。主要结论：从长江口水下三角洲等深线包络面积和分布形态的变化看,基于目前上游输沙量持续减少的宏观自然背景下,大规模的河口工程建设对近年来长江口水下三角洲演变的控制作用日益明显。 相似文献
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近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江河口航道拦门沙对长江航运、泄洪以及上海港的建设具有重大的影响。通过近百年来历史资料和最新图件中北支、北港、北槽和南槽拦门沙河段的主泓剖面与平面图,分析近百年来4 个入海航槽拦门沙的形态演变特征。经分析发现：近100 年来,北支拦门沙由口外向口内逐渐移动并演变为口内巨型沙坎;北港拦门沙滩顶向下游移动了近30 km,2001 年后北港拦门沙河段开始有心滩发育;北槽拦门沙有两个明显的滩顶,但至2010 年这一显著特征消失;南槽拦门沙滩顶呈双峰型-多峰型-单峰型变化趋势,且滩顶向下游移动了约14 km。显然,除了北支拦门沙演变与崇明岛大规模围垦、北槽拦门沙演变与深水航道直接相关外,北港、南槽拦门沙演变特征主要与长江深水航道整治工程、横沙东滩圈围以及青草沙水库等大型工程影响有关。 相似文献
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The mouth bar in the Yangtze estuarine waterways has a significant influence on navigational transport within the estuary,flood discharge and construction of the Shanghai Port.In this paper the morphological evolution and mechanisms of mouth bar formation of the Yangtze estuarine waterways are studied by analyzing hundreds of years of historical data and the latest profile maps of some or the main mouth bar channels in the Yangtze Estuary.The results are shown as follows:The mouth bars in the North Branch have moved gradually from outside the mouth to the inside and formed a huge sand bar.In the North Channel,the head of the mouth bar has migrated about 30 kilometers downstream,and a channel bar has been developing since 2001.Two mouth bar tops,which always existed in the North Passage,disappeared in 2010.The head of the mouth bar in the South Passage has migrated downstream about 14 km and the number of tops increased at first but is reduced to only one now.According to the results,we can conclude that the evolution of the mouth bars differs depending on their location.In the North Branch it is directly related to large-scale reclamation in Chongming Island,but in the North Passage it has a close relationship with regulation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.However,the evolution of mouth bars in the North Channel and South Passage is not only connected with the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project,but also with the reclamation in the East Hengsha Shoal and the closure of the Qingcaosha Reservoir. 相似文献
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YANG Yunping ZHENG Jinhai ZHANG Wei ZHU Yude CHAI Yuanfang WANG Jianjun WEN Yuncheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(12):1837-1851
Deep-water navigation channels in the tidal reaches of the lower Yangtze River are affected by water and sediment fluxes that produce complex shoals and unstable channel conditions. The Fujiangsha reach is particularly difficult to manage, as it has many braided channels within the tidal fluctuation zone. In this study, hydrologic and topographic data from the Fujiangsha reach from 2012 to 2017 were used to examine the variations in deposition and erosion, flow diversion, shoals, and channel conditions. Since the Three Gorges Dam became operational and water storage was initiated, the Fujiangsha reach has shown an overall tendency toward erosion. Channels deeper than 10 m accounted for 83.7% of the total erosion of the Fujiangsha reach during 2012–2017. Moreover, the dominant channel-forming sediments have gradually changed from suspended sediments to a mixed load of suspended and bed-load sediments. Deposition volumes of these sediments has varied significantly among different channels, but has mainly occurred in the Fubei channel. Furthermore, periodic variations in the Jingjiang point bar have followed a deposition-erosion-deposition pattern, and the downstream Shuangjian shoal mid-channel bar has been scoured and shortened. Approximately 44.0% of the bed load from the upstream Fujiangsha reach is deposited within the 12.5-m deep Fubei channel. The increased erosion and river flow from the Jingjiang point bar and the Shuangjian shoal during the flood season constituted 59.3% and 40.7%, respectively, of the total amount of siltation in the Fubei channel. 相似文献
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2002年开始的黄河调水调沙改变了进入黄河口的水沙条件,必然引起尾闾河道地貌的显著调整。根据黄河尾闾河道利津以下的断面实测高程数据,建立基于正交曲线网格的河道DEM,结合河床形态与水沙条件变化,综合研究黄河尾闾河道冲淤的时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明,调水调沙以来尾闾河道冲刷明显,2002—2017年累计冲刷6240万m 3,根据冲淤速率可以分为3个阶段：快速冲刷阶段（2002—2005年）冲刷速率为1443万m 3/a;冲刷减慢阶段（2006—2014年）冲刷速率为139万m 3/a;以及淤积阶段（2015—2017年）,淤积速率为263万m 3/a。其中,调水调沙初始4年尾闾河道的冲刷量占总冲刷量的80%,2006年以后冲刷强度逐渐减弱,甚至转为淤积。从季节上看,主要表现为汛期冲刷,非汛期淤积;从空间上看,越往口门方向,冲刷强度越小。调水调沙改变了入海水沙的年内分配,造成了尾闾河道的持续冲刷,入海流路也发生多次调整。但经过多年冲刷,河床整体下切,加上河口淤积延伸影响,调水调沙对尾闾河道的冲刷效率在持续降低。受河口海域淤积影响,近口门段在经历冲刷后转为淤积,河道纵比降减缓,增加了尾闾的不稳定性。 相似文献
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随着流域和河口水利工程建设,长江河槽沉积环境发生了巨大改变,对河势演变和河槽冲淤均产生重要影响。依据长江河口河槽大面积表层沉积物采样和各河槽定点水文观测资料,分析各河槽沉积特征,探讨其影响因子及作用机制。结果表明：河槽沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂分布最广,粒径分布纵向上呈自西向东减小、横向上自北向南减小趋势,河槽总体主槽粗、边滩细。涨落潮泥沙输运和沉降过程影响河槽纵向沉积分布特征,风浪作用强化了口门段河槽南北沉积环境的差异,北支、北港口门段河槽受到偏北方向风浪作用强烈,沉积物粗化明显。不同泥沙来源是造成河槽整体沉积环境差异的主导因素,南支、南港上段表现为流域来沙的沉积特征,北港、南槽、北槽则表现为流域与海域来沙的混合沉积特征,口外沉积物对口内河槽的影响主要是为口内河槽提供细颗粒物质来源。 相似文献
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基于实测地形和水文资料,探讨人类活动对近期磨刀门水道河床地形和枯季潮汐动力变化的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 磨刀门上游河段大规模河床挖沙引起河床高程显著降低,水深增大,河槽容积增加,底坡降减小;口门围垦整治导致磨刀门口门区水域面积变小,入海口门向海延伸,入海水道增深。(2) 磨刀门水道河床地形变化引起枯季潮汐动力发生变化:上游河段低潮位降低,潮差增大,进潮量增加,潮汐动力明显增强;口门区潮差减小,横洲水道潮能汇聚,水位壅高;水面坡降减小,潮波传播速度增加,咸水界上移。 相似文献
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The geological and meteorological setting of the Jianghan–Dongting lake area leads to high precipitation and siltation, but poor water discharge, thus the area is frequently flooded. In the past the river–lake relationship of the Middle Yangtze has been variable but has deteriorated recently under increasing human influence. The Jianghan Plain of the Middle Yangtze becomes a waterlogged lowland under the constant threat of flooding from the perched Jingjiang River. Due to siltation and land reclamation the Dongting Lake has lost most of its regulatory function for the river and has become increasingly vulnerable to flood disasters. The Middle Yangtze River has been undergoing siltation, resulting from a downstream decline of sediment transport capacity, resulting in the elevation of the flood level above the lowlands. Heightening of the levees has caused further siltation of the channel.The Three Gorges Reservoir will provide a buffering period of 50–80 years, during which much of the silt will be trapped in the reservoir and scouring downstream may occur. We should utilize this period to work out an overall resolution to the problem. Construction of a water and silt diversion project in the Honghu Lake and surrounding areas may resolve this problem in the dangerous Chenglingji–Wuhan Segment of the Yangtze. Widening the canals connecting the Middle Yangtze and Han Rivers may function as a discharge-dividing channel of the Yangtze, which may prove to be beneficial. 相似文献
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基于黄河下游1986-2015年的水沙和沿程实测大断面数据等资料,统计分析了小浪底水库运行前后下游主槽断面形态参数（河宽、水深、河相系数）的调整过程。结果表明：1986-1999年小浪底运行前主槽持续淤积萎缩,主槽河宽和水深均减小,河宽与水深调整强度高村以上段河宽大于水深、断面河相系数明显减小,高村以下段河宽小于水深、河相系数小幅增加;2000-2015年小浪底水库运行后主槽持续冲刷,主槽河宽和水深增加,沿程各段水深调整强度均大于河宽,河相系数减小;各段断面形态调整方式淤积期表现为艾山以上游荡段和过渡段既有横向萎缩又有垂向淤高、艾山以下弯曲段以垂向淤高为主,冲刷期游荡段和过渡段为横向展宽和垂向冲深、弯曲段以垂向冲深为主;河宽淤积期减小速率明显大于冲刷期增加速率,水深淤积期减小速率略小于冲刷期增加速率,经过一轮淤积和冲刷后,断面形态向窄深方向发展;主槽断面形态调整规律与水沙条件密切相关,断面河相系数除游荡段淤积期与流量呈正相关、与含沙量呈负相关外,游荡段冲刷期、过渡段和弯曲段淤积与冲刷不同阶段,河相系数与流量呈负相关,与含沙量呈正相关。 相似文献
19.
长江干流河道对流域输沙的调节作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用长江干流和主要支流上测站1956~2004年的输沙量资料,对干流未测区域的来沙进行了估计。根据泥沙平衡 (Sediment budget) 概念,对长江干流河道的冲淤对来水来沙的响应以及对入海泥沙的影响进行研究发现,长江干流屏山至大通河道平均淤积速率为88.58×106 t/a,河道淤积占总的来沙量及大通站输沙量比例分别为14%与21%。由于河道淤积,大通站输沙量减少了17.5%。总体来说上游淤积较轻,宜昌至汉口区间淤积严重,汉口至大通区间为微冲。长江干流的河道冲淤与流域总的来沙具有显著的相关关系,但各段河道的冲淤对流域来沙的响应各不一样。上游的冲淤与流域的径流量和来沙量均没有很好的相关性,宜昌-汉口段河道冲淤的变化与宜昌站的来沙具有显著的相关性;影响汉口-大通间河道的冲淤变化的主要因素是流域的来水量,河道的冲淤与大通站径流量的存在显著的负相关关系。三峡水库蓄水后整个长江干流的冲淤形势发生了根本的变化。三峡水库的蓄水运用有效地减轻了洞庭湖的泥沙淤积,同时也降低了洞庭湖的对长江干流泥沙的调节作用;长江上游干流河道淤积增强,中下游河道出现冲刷,但不同的河段表现不一;中下游河道冲刷量小于预测值,三峡水库的蓄水运用直接导致了长江入海泥沙的减少。 相似文献
20.
In this study, data measured from 1955-2016 were analysed to study the relationship between the water level and river channel geometry adjustment in the downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) after the impoundment of the dam. The results highlight the following facts: (1) for the same flow, the low water level decreased, flood water level changed little, lowest water level increased, and highest water level decreased at the hydrological stations in the downstream of the dam; (2) the distribution of erosion and deposition along the river channel changed from “erosion at channels and deposition at bankfulls” to “erosion at both channels and bankfulls;” the ratio of low-water channel erosion to bankfull channel erosion was 95.5% from October 2002 to October 2015, with variations between different impoundment stages; (3) the low water level decrease slowed down during the channel erosion in the Upper Jingjiang reach and reaches upstream but sped up in the Lower Jingjiang reach and reaches downstream; measures should be taken to prevent the decrease in the channel water level; (4) erosion was the basis for channel dimension upscaling in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; the low water level decrease was smaller than the thalweg decline; both channel water depth and width increased under the combined effects of channel and waterway regulations; and (5) the geometry of the channels above bankfulls did not significantly change; however, the comprehensive channel resistance increased under the combined effects of riverbed coarsening, beach vegetation, and human activities; as a result, the flood water level increased markedly and moderate flood to high water level phenomena occurred, which should be considered. The Three Gorges Reservoir effectively enhances the flood defense capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; however, the superposition effect of tributary floods cannot be ruled out. 相似文献