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1.
On the basis of on-site measured data of the newly constructed Gonghe-Yushu Highway in a permafrost region, this paper analyzed thermal conditions of the subgrade with XPS insulated board according to different selected monitoring sections in various locations. We also summarized the geothermal distribution and change rules of subgrade with XPS insulation board under the asphalt pavement in summarized a high temperature frozen soil region. It is suggested that the shoulder of subgrade with XPS insulation board be widen to a reasonable width so as to keep the subgrade stable. 相似文献
2.
Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data. 相似文献
3.
Unidirectional freezing experiments under overburden pressure were carried out, in order to study the driving force of mois-ture migration of remodeled clay during freezing, through improving the indoo... 相似文献
4.
A freeze corer was developed specifically for the sampling of unconsolidated surface sediments by in-situ freezing. The new device which is presented here is designed to be used to a water depth of up to 1000 meters and was successfully tested at a depth of 200 m. The corer consists of a high pressure resistant housing with a vacuum insulated jacket for the ethanol which can be chilled by separate cooling agents, adjustable stabilizing legs, an electrical pump and a freezing wedge of 100 cm length. The freeze coring can be performed from a platform or a boat by using only a single cable to pull it up or to lower it. All other equipment is inside of the resistant housing. The core sample can easily be cut into two distinct slabs by use of the freeze-protectors on the small sides of the freeze wedge. 相似文献
5.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):558-564
Conventional wisdom indicates that shade trees reduce air-conditioning energy demands in U.S. southern-tier states. Existing studies of shade effects on dwellings generally do not consider that contemporary home structures are inhabited and well insulated. Through a statistical analysis of weather, vegetative, and energy consumption data for 38 inhabited, modern homes in the eastern suburbs of Atlanta, we establish that existing tree plantings play only a small role in energy conservation for individual homes vis-à-vis insulation and heat gain from external walls and windows. 相似文献
6.
冻融过程对生物结皮中齿肋赤藓叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以新疆古尔班通古特沙漠苔藓结皮中的优势种齿肋赤藓（Syntrichia caninervis Mitt．）为研究对象,利用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪Mini-PAM（Walz公司,德国）测定其在冻融作用影响下叶绿素荧光特性的变化特征。结果表明,冻结过程中随着处理温度的降低,齿肋赤藓的初始荧光（F0）、最大荧光产量（Fm）、PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（Fv /Fm）、PSⅡ的潜在活性（Fv /F0）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）均呈显著下降的趋势（P<0.05）,而非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）则逐步上升。低温胁迫下NPQ的增加表明齿肋赤藓PSⅡ系统通过提高非辐射性热耗散消耗过剩光能,从而保护PSⅡ反应中心免受因吸收过多光能而引起的光氧化伤害。消融过程中,齿肋赤藓的叶绿素荧光参数（F0、Fm、Fv /Fm、Fv /F0、ΦPSⅡ、ETR和qP）可恢复至未冻结前的正常水平。齿肋赤藓叶绿素荧光强度和诱导曲线的形状在冻融过程中均随处理温度的降低或升高而发生了明显的变化。一定范围内的低温胁迫不会对齿肋赤藓的光合器官造成永久伤害,光合系统仍维持在可恢复的状态。 相似文献
7.
季节性冻融是干旱区土壤盐碱化形成的主要驱动因子,但冻融过程中土壤水盐耦合关系及热量调控机理仍不清楚。通过分析2009年11月～2010年5月新疆玛纳斯河流域典型盐荒地季节性冻融过程中土壤剖面160 cm以内的水分、盐分和温度动态变化,探讨了不同土层冻融过程中水热盐的耦合关系。结果表明：土壤最大冻结深度为150 cm左右,表土层（0～40 cm）温度与气温关系密切;土壤剖面水分呈现“C”型垂直分布,表土层和底土层（100～160 cm）含水量较大,而心土层（40～100 cm）含水量不足10%,土层平均含水率在冻融前期增加了12.91%,而在初蒸期减少了10.01%;土壤剖面盐分在冻结期和初蒸期表聚作用明显,心土层和底土层含盐量稳定,土壤剖面含盐量表现为“积盐-脱盐-再积盐”的变化过程。水热盐之间具有高度协同性,心土层和底土层表现为水盐相随、而表土层为水去盐留的耦合特征,热量传输是调控水盐运移的关键因素。 相似文献
8.
山地丘陵坡地逆温效应对果树避冻的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对3个县8个山坡地的考察,探索山地丘陵坡地逆温效应对果树避冻的影响。试验对三年来冬季观测到日最低温度（td）进行拟合处理,运用趋势线分析探究温差（△td）与相对坡位（G）之间的总体趋势,采用相关回归方差分析方法对△td与G进行差异显著性检验。结果表明：△td与G相关达到极其显著水平。对于高差（△H）〈50m的山坡,晴夜最低气温随高度的增加而增加,越近坡顶,最低气温越高;对于76m≤△H〈150m的山坡,在该山坡相对坡位0．63以上,晴夜最低气温常出现最高,逆温效应明显。总高差不足150m山坡最大逆温效应出现的坡位G与山坡总高差成反比,即随着△H的增加,最大逆温效应出现的坡位G值逐渐变小。利用这些结果进行果树科学合理建园,发展山区特色果业,对不耐寒果树安全避冻意义重大。 相似文献
9.
Freezing and thawing during the winter season change soil properties such as density. The density change in the particulate media influences soil stiffness. In addition, freezing of partially or fully saturated soils changes the soil matrix from a particulate media to a continuum. The goal of this study is to investigate the cyclic freezing and thawing effects on elastic waves. Sand-silt mixtures with 10% silt fraction in weight and 40% saturation are prepared. The sand-silt mixtures are placed in a nylon cell, onto which a pair of bender elements and a pair of piezoelectric disk elements are installed for the measurement of shear and compressional waves, respectively. The temperature of the mixtures decreases from 20°C to 10°C to freezing. The frozen sample is gradually thawed at room temperature (20°C). These freezing-thawing processes are repeated three times. The test result shows that the shear and compressional wave velocities significantly increase when the specimen is frozen. When the temperature is greater than 0°C, the elastic wave velocities are lower during thawing than during freezing due to soil structure change. This study demonstrates that soil structure change during the winter season may be effectively estimated from elastic waves. 相似文献
10.
Laboratory experiments show that undercooling to about -5 degrees C occurs in colonized Beacon sandstones of the Ross Desert, Antarctica. High-frequency temperature oscillations between 5 degrees C and -5 degrees C or -10 degrees C (which occur in nature on the rock surface) did not damage Hemichloris antarctica. In a cryomicroscope, H. antarctica appeared to be undamaged after slow or rapid cooling to -50 degrees C. 14CO2 incorporation after freezing to -20 degrees C was unaffected in H. antarctica or in Trebouxia sp. but slightly depressed in Stichococcus sp. (isolated from a less extreme Antarctic habitat). These results suggest that the freezing regime in the Antarctic desert is not injurious to endolithic algae. It is likely that the freezing-point depression inside the rock makes available liquid water for metabolic activity at subzero temperatures. Freezing may occur more frequently on the rock surface and contribute to the abiotic nature of the surface. 相似文献
11.
The soil-freezing characteristic curve (SFCC), which represents the relationship between unfrozen water content and sub-freezing temperature (or suction at ice-water interface) in a freezing soil, can be used for understanding the transportation of heat, water, and solute in frozen soils. In this paper, the soil freezing process and the similarity between the SFCC of saturated frozen soil and soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unfrozen unsaturated soil are reviewed. Based on similar characteristics between SWCC and SFCC, a conceptual SFCC is drawn for illustrating the main features of soil freezing and thawing processes. Various SFCC expressions from the literature are summarized. Four widely used expressions (i.e., power relationship, exponential relationship, van Genuchten 1980 equation and Fredlund and Xing 1994 equation) are evaluated using published experimental data on four different soils (i.e., sandy loam, silt, clay, and saline silt). Results show that the exponential relationship and van Genuchten (1980) equation are more suitable for sandy soils. The simple power relationship can be used to reasonably best-fit the SFCC for soils with different particle sizes; however, it exhibits limitations when fitting the saline silt data. The Fredlund and Xing (1994) equation is suitable for fitting the SFCCs for all soils studied in this paper. 相似文献
12.
冻融作用与土壤理化效应的关系研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
冻融使土壤经历一系列物理、化学和生物变化过程,冻融作用对土壤的影响主要表现为:改变土壤结构、含水量分布和水热运动,影响微生物活性和以微生物为媒介的有机质矿化作用,改变土壤元素的生物地球化学循环过程,从而对土壤生态系统结构和功能产生影响。冻融作用对土壤理化性质的作用主要受冻融速率、温度、冻融交替次数和土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、土壤质地状况等因素的影响。通过冻融作用改善土壤结构,提高土壤微生物活性和养分的有效性,有利于耕作和促进植物生长,但也可通过含水量的重新分布和径流淋失而导致土壤养分损失。 相似文献
13.
Variations and trends of the freezing and thaw- ing index along the Qinghai-Xizang Railway for 1966?2004 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Annual freezing and thawing index of 7 meteorological stations along the Qing-hai-Xizang Railway were calculated based on daily maximum and minimum temperature records for 1966?2004. Trends of annual freezing and thawing index were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test and a simple linear regression method. The results show that: 1) The mean annual freezing indices range from 95 to 2300℃·d and the mean annual thawing indi-ces range from 630 to 3250℃·d. The mean annual freezing index of the 7 stations exhibited decreasing trends with decreasing rate of ?16.6– ?59.1℃·d /10a. The mean annual thawing index of these 7 stations showed increasing trends with the related decreasing rate is 19.83–45.6℃·d /10a. 2) The MK trend test indicated the significant decreasing trends (sig-nificant at < 0.05 significant level) in the annual freezing index for most stations except for Golmud. The significant increasing trends can be observed in the annual thawing index for 4 stations except Golmud and Tuotuohe. Golmud was the only station with no trends in both annual freezing and annual thawing index. 相似文献
14.
In order to maintain the thermal stability of very wide highway embankments in permafrost regions, the thermal isolation
material EPS is often utilized. To examine the effects of this insulation on the China National Highway (G214),
two-dimensional finite element analysis of temperature fields was conducted for varying widths of highway embankments
with and without EPS insulation. The numerical results show that in permafrost regions the effect of thermal aggregation on
asphalt pavement is more obvious when highway embankments are wider, and, specifically for the G214 highway, the insulation
should be more than 25 cm thick for 24-m-wide embankments. However, considering other factors such as the structural
rationality of the embankments and high engineering costs, it might not be feasible to install EPS insulation in
24-m-wide embankments of the G214 highway when the height of the embankments is less than 3.65 m. 相似文献
15.
It is generally known that soil pollution poses a terrible hazard to the environment, but the present techniques of contaminated soil remediation cannot control this growing threat. This paper compares the pollutant extraction efficiency of traditional pumping and treating, which is a typical washing technology for the remediation of contaminated soils, with methods that utilize freeze-thaw cycles. In the soil freezing process, water shifts from unfrozen soils to the freezing front, and the permeability of soil will be enhanced under certain temperature gradients and water conditions. Therefore, this paper discusses the purification of contaminated soil through freeze-thaw action. We conducted a cleansing experiment on clay and silica sand infused with NaCl（simulation of heavy metals） and found that the efficiency of purification was enhanced remarkably in the latter by the freeze-thaw action. To assess the effective extraction of DNAPLs in soil, we conducted an experiment on suction by freezing, predicated on the different freezing points of moisture and pollutants. We found that the permeability coefficient was significantly increased by the freezing-thawing action, enabling the DNAPL contaminants to be extracted selectively and effectively. 相似文献
16.
After the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway, the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission(QTPT) line is another major permafrost engineering project with new types of engineering structures. The changing process and trend of ground temperature around tower foundations are crucial for the stability of QTPT. We analyzed the change characteristics and tendencies of the ground temperature based on field monitoring data from 2010 to 2014. The results reveal that soil around the tower foundations froze and connected with the artificial permafrost induced during the construction of footings after the first freezing period, and the soil below the original permafrost table kept freezing in subsequent thawing periods. The ground temperature lowered to that of natural fields, fast or slowly for tower foundations with thermosyphons,while for tower foundations without thermosyphons, the increase in ground temperature resulted in higher temperature than that of natural fields. Also, the permafrost temperature and ice content are significant factors that influence the ground temperature around tower foundations. Specifically, the ground temperature around tower foundations in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions decreased slowly, while that in cold and ice poor permafrost regions cooled faster. Moreover, foundations types impacted the ground temperature, which consisted of different technical processes during construction and variant of tower footing structures. The revealed changing process and trend of the ground temperature is beneficial for evaluating the thermal regime evolution around tower foundations in the context of climate change. 相似文献
17.
Lakes regulate the water and heat exchange between the ground and the atmosphere on different temporal and spatial scales. However, studies of the lake effect in the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau(TP) rarely have been performed until recently, and little attention has been paid to modelling of frozen lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF v. 3.6.1) is employed to conduct three numerical experiments in the Ngoring Lake Basin(the original experiment, an experiment with a tuned model, and a no-lake experiment) to investigate the influences of parameter optimization on the lake simulation and of the high-altitude lake on the regional climate. After the lake depth, the roughness lengths, and initial surface temperature are corrected in the model, the simulation of the air temperature is distinctly improved. In the experiment using a tuned model, the simulated sensible-heat flux(H) is clearly improved, especially during periods of ice melting(from late spring to early summer) and freezing(late fall). The improvement of latent-heat flux(LE) is mainly manifested by the sharp increase in the correlation coefficient between simulation and observation, whereas the improvement in the average value is small. The optimization of initial surface temperature shows the most prominent effect in the first year and distinctly weakens after a freezing period. After the lakes become grassland in the model, the daytime temperature clearly increases during the freezing and melting periods; but the nocturnal cooling appears in other stages, especially from September to October. The annual mean H increases by 6.4 times in the regions of the Ngoring Lake and the Gyaring Lake, and the LE declines by 56.2%. The sum of H and LE increases from 71.2 W/m2(with lake) to 84.6 W/m2(no lake). For the entire simulation region, the sum of H and LE also increases slightly. After the lakes are removed, the air temperature increases significantly from June to September over the area corresponding to the two lakes, and an abnormal convergence field appears; at the same time, the precipitation clearly increases over the two lakes and surrounding areas. 相似文献
18.
19.
Herein we review research on the structure of the frozen fringe and one of its key characteristics（unfrozen water content）,and compare its current measurement methods,including pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）,time-domain reflectometry（TDR）,calorimetry,thermometry,the sublimation method,and CT imagery.A freeze-thaw cycle experiment with remolded soil was conducted inside to verify the mechanism of frost heave,measuring such variables as soil-water potential,temperature,water supplement,and the position of the freezing front.Conclusions from the analysis of the experiment data are：（1） The soil-water potential,the water supplement,and the position of the freezing front vary with temperature; and（2） the temperature gradient induces the soil-water potential,which in turn provides a stable driving force for moisture migration. 相似文献
20.
《寒旱区科学》2021,(4)
Ground temperature plays a significant role in the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). Under the background of temperature warming, the TP has witnessed an accelerated warming trend in frozen ground temperature, an increasing active layer thickness, and the melting of underground ice. Based on high-resolution ground temperature data observed from 1997 to 2012 on the northern TP, the trend of ground temperature at each observation site and its response to climate change were analyzed. The results showed that while the ground temperature at different soil depths showed a strong warming trend over the observation period, the warming in winter is more significant than that in summer. The warming rate of daily minimum ground temperature was greater than that of daily maximum ground temperature at the TTH and MS3608 sites. During the study period, thawing occurred earlier, whereas freezing happened later, resulting in shortened freezing season and a thinner frozen layer at the BJ site. And a zero-curtain effect develops when the soil begins to thaw or freeze in spring and autumn. From 1997 to 2012, the average summer air temperature and precipitation in summer and winter from six meteorological stations along the Qinghai-Tibet highway also demonstrated an increasing trend, with a more significant temperature increase in winter than in summer. The ground temperature showed an obvious response to air temperature warming, but the trend varied significantly with soil depths due to soil heterogeneity. 相似文献