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1.
The developed vertical coupling model of Vehicle-Track-Subgrade which considered subgrade layer vibration is present-ed. The equations of motion for the ballast, top and bottom subgrade layers are pres... 相似文献
2.
Frost heave is an upward swelling of soil during cryogenic conditions in cold regions. It is caused by the accumulation of ice crystals in subgrade soil, which grow upwards when freezing temperatures penetrate into the subgrade. This study establishes the allowable soil subgrade frost heave based on the roughness standard of asphalt pavement in China, and aims to balance the pavement design and frost heave resistance of subgrades in cold regions. We formulated a mechanical model of pavement supported by the boundary conditions of differential frost heave, based on the elastic layered system theory. The differential soil subgrade frost heave was modeled as a sinusoidal function, and the allowable frost heave and the roughness index were modeled as the displacement boundaries for the top and bottom of the pavement structure. Then the allowable frost heave was back-calculated according to the roughness standard. Numerical results show that the allowable frost heave depends on the pavement structure, material properties, the highway grade, and other factors. In order to ensure that the actual soil subgrade frost heave is lower than the allowable frost heave, pavement structures and materials need to be selected and designed carefully. The numerical method proposed here can be applied to establish the frost heave resistance of subgrade when the pavement structure and materials are determined. 相似文献
3.
沙粒跃移云及Magnus力对床面有效粗糙度的影响 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
建立了考虑Magnus效应的、吹过平坦沙面的稳定风场中风与跃移沙粒相互耦合的风沙跃移云模型,并通过数值模拟研究了风沙跃移运动对床面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,跃移沙粒对风速的影响类似于床面粗糙度的影响,有效粗糙度随摩阻速度的变化关系可用二次函数表征;Magnus力对有效粗糙度有明显的影响,但这种影响并不改变有效粗糙度与摩阻风速之间的二次函数关系。 相似文献
4.
Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests with multi-stage cyclic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus (damping ratio) and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data. 相似文献
5.
两种典型高等级公路路基断面风沙过程的风洞模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高等级公路路基中央构筑物不同，对路基断面风沙输移-堆积过程产生的影响不同。选取两种典型高等级公路路基，对其风沙输移-堆积过程进行了风洞模拟试验。结果表明：当路基模型高度为4 cm（路基模型与实际路基比例为1∶100）时，随着风速增大，防眩板路基背风侧积沙范围增大较为明显；在相同风速条件下，防眩网路基两侧积沙范围较大，对应的工程防护范围也应较大。当路基模型高度为8 cm时，防眩网路基路面积沙较多，背风侧积沙范围较大。路基越高，相应的工程防护范围应设置的较大一些，并加强对路基迎风坡的维护。建议在两种高等级路基背风侧5H（H为路基高度）以外范围增设风沙防护设施，尤其是防眩网路基，防止沙粒堆积被反向气流携带上路，影响交通安全。防眩板路基背风坡沙物质积累较多，为了防止背风坡积沙变成二次沙源危害道路行车安全，防眩板路基背风侧也需重点防护。在主风向单一的沙漠地区，高等级公路路基中央隔离带的防眩设施宜选择防眩板。 相似文献
6.
The paper proposes a methodological scheme that thoroughly accounts for natural-climatic conditions which can impair the stability and longevity of transport facilities (roadways), to ensure the best possible quality of the initial road design. Factors determining the formation of water-heating mode subgrade soils are allocated, and an information database for mathematical modeling of geocomplexes is shown. Values of strength and deformability of clay soils are calculated within the limits of the defined, homogeneous road districts in Western Siberia to provide the required level of reliability of design solutions. 相似文献
7.
According to the technical characteristics of short fixed wheelbase of a high-speed carriage, a subgrade-track integrated space mechanical response analysis model is proposed for trains under the action of biaxial load after the comparison of the stress distribution characteristics of the ballast track subgrade bed structures for high-speed railway under the action of uniaxial load and biaxial load. The loading threshold value (high-cycle long-term dynamic strength) under the circumstance where the cumulative deformation of subgrade structure gradually develops and finally reaches the convergent state, and its relationship with the foundation coefficient K30 were deduced, based on the characteristics of cumulative deformation evolution obtained from the unit structure filling model test under the action of cyclic loading. In view of structure stability and frost resistance requirements of the railway subgrade in cold regions, technical conditions to maintain good service performance of subgrade structure of high-speed railway ballasted track are discussed and analyzed. Study results show that the additive effect manifests itself obviously for railway train bogies under the action of biaxial load than uniaxial load, which has a significant dynamic effect on the subgrade bed bottom and a slight effect on the surface layer. Thus, the adoption of a biaxial load model in the design of a high-speed railway subgrade accurately reflects the vehicle load. Pursuant to the structure design principle, the design method of the subgrade structure of high-speed railway ballasted track is proposed to meet the technical requirements such as structural strength, bearing stiffness and high-cyclic and long-term stability. Technical indicators are obtained for the variation of thickness of the surface layer of reinforced subgrade bed in the double-layer subgrade mode along with the change of K30 at the subgrade bed bottom. The double-layer structure mode of "closure on the upper layer and drainage on the lower layer" was proposed in order to meet the waterproofing and drainage requirements of the upper layer of the subgrade bed in cold regions. A dense-framework graded gravel filler with weak water permeability at a coefficient of 10-4 cm/s is used on the upper layer and the void-framework graded gravel filler at the water permeability coefficient of 10-2 cm/s is adopted on the lower layer. 相似文献
8.
Vibration due to moving traffic loads is an important factor which induces frozen soil damage; this paper analyzed these vibration characteristics of frozen soil foundation under track loads. Firstly, seismic observation array(SOA) technology was applied to monitor the three dimensional dynamic characteristics of frozen soil under movable track load in a permafrost region and seasonal frozen soil area. Secondly, a numerical simulation for the response of frozen soil under movable track load was performed based on finite element analysis(FEA). The results show that dynamic characteristics of frozen soil in perpendicular and parallel direction of the track are obviously different. In the direction perpendicular to the track, the vertical acceleration amplitude had an abrupt increase in the 9–10 m from the track line. In the direction parallel to the track, the acceleration in vertical and horizontal direction had a quick attenuation compared to the other direction. Lastly, various parameters were analyzed for the purpose of controlling the dynamic response of frozen soil and the vibration attenuation in frozen soil layer. 相似文献
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The effect of temperature rising for frozen soil because of dynamic load was investigated by indoor tests.Roadway and railway embankments are always loaded by dynamic loads such as earthquakes and vehicles.Because the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a re-gion where earthquakes occur frequently,it is essential to consider the temperature-rising effect of earthquakes or vehicles on railway and road embankment.In this paper and according to the theories of heat transfer and dynamic equilibrium equations,as-suming frozen soil as thermal elastic-viscoplastic material,taking the combination of thermal and mechanical stresses into account,we present the numerical formulae of this dynamic problem,and the computer program of the two-dimensional finite element is written.Using the program,the dynamic response analyses for embankments loaded by earthquake are worked out.Analysis in-dicated that the temperature-rising effect result from earthquakes for embankment in nonuniform distribution in some small areas,the maximum rising temperature is 0.16 ?C for consideration in this paper. 相似文献
11.
高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
考虑到在地震过程中,工程边坡的动安全系数最小值出现在某一瞬间,而用这个值评价边坡在地震荷载作用下的抗滑稳定性不合适宜。在简单分析地震荷载作用下边坡稳定性评价的主要方法及差异基础上,介绍了地震动力响应时程分析法的基本原理和计算过程,明确指出了边坡动力稳定分析时应注意的边界条件、材料参数等问题,建立了评价动力稳定性的有限元应力法表达式。基于地震动力时程反应,结合金安桥水电站库岸堆积体边坡工程,用动力有限元计算获得了边坡的动力响应在空间的变化规律(包括动应力和加速度等)和整体稳定性,计算成果合理地评价了其稳定性。 相似文献
12.
Yosoon Choi Choon Sunwoo Keith C. Clarke 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):1541-1567
A new raster‐based GIS model that combines multi‐criteria evaluation and least‐cost path analysis was developed to determine the optimal haulage routes of dump trucks in large scale open‐pit mines. The model logic can consider multiple criteria simultaneously (i.e. speed, water body, ore body, curve, visibility, haul road maintenance) and can rate the adverse factor scores of truck movement using fuzzy membership functions. After establishing the weights of five factors by pairwise comparisons, the average adverse score grid can be generated by the weighted linear combination of factor and constraint scores. New software, called Dump Traveler, was implemented to improve the availability of the developed model. An application to the Roto South pit in the Pasir open‐pit coal mine, Indonesia, showed that the software can provide rational solutions to determine the optimal routes on truck haulage operations. Moreover, the layout of available haul roads can be evaluated to consider the trade‐off between road maintenance costs and the potential for traffic jams. Variations of weights for factors were found to be sensitive to the optimal haulage routes determined by least‐cost path analysis. The software provides both optimal routes on truck haulage operations and approximately estimated travel times along the routes, therefore it can support other truck dispatching software that mainly considers scheduling problems. 相似文献
13.
近年来,暴雨内涝频繁发生,常引发严重的城市交通拥堵问题。本文利用自主开发的宏观交通模拟工具,模拟了上海市中心城区50年一遇和100年一遇暴雨强度情景下每条路段的小时交通量,通过计算道路饱和度,研究了不同强度暴雨内涝对中心城区高架出入口和重要道路拥挤程度的影响。结果表明：①100年一遇暴雨内涝对上海市中心城区道路交通服务能力影响显著,可导致7个高架道路出入口关闭,部分出入口严重拥堵;②暴雨内涝对道路拥堵状况影响的差异性明显,变拥挤路段占道路总里程的13.35%,其中一级道路的拥挤程度变化最为明显,如：大连路、武宁路,周家嘴路和长寿路等主要路段服务水平下降。 相似文献
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In order to assess and improve the engineering stability of saline soil with high chloride content along a 40-km section of the Chaerhan-Golmud Highway in northwestern China, more than 200 monitoring p... 相似文献
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中国沙漠地区风积沙路基强度参数试验研究——以塔克拉玛干、毛乌素沙漠公路为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在中国沙漠地区选取典型路段,对风积沙路基进行强度测定。通过现场承载板试验,并分析已有的各种资料,发现野外实测的风积沙路基回弹模量普遍较高,明显高于现行有关规范推荐的砂性土或土质砂的路基回弹模量建议值,高出部分多在30%以上,已经明显地对路基路面的结构设计产生了不利影响。在此基础上,为能充分利用风积沙的强度特性,降低沙漠公路造价,通过进一步分析,提出了中国各主要沙漠地区及不同等级公路的风积沙路基回弹模量设计值。 相似文献
17.
Bart Kuijpers 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1095-1117
Moving objects produce trajectories, which are typically observed in a finite sample of time‐stamped locations. Between sample points, we are uncertain about the moving objects's location. When we assume extra information about an object, for instance, a (possibly location‐dependent) speed limit, we can use space–time prisms to model the uncertainty of an object's location. Until now, space–time prisms have been studied for unconstrained movement in the 2D plane. In this paper, we study space–time prisms for objects that are constrained to travel on a road network. Movement on a road network can be viewed as essentially one‐dimensional. We describe the geometry of a space–time prism on a road network and give an algorithm to compute and visualize space–time prisms. For experiments and illustration, we have implemented this algorithm in MATHEMATICA. Furthermore, we study the alibi query, which asks whether two moving objects could have possibly met or not. This comes down to deciding if the chains of space–time prisms produced by these moving objects intersect. We give an efficient algorithm to answer the alibi query for moving objects on a road network. This algorithm also determines where and when two moving objects may have met. 相似文献
18.
Maria Castro César De Santos-Berbel 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2061-2074
Because of the high number of crashes occurring on highways, it is necessary to intensify the search for new tools that help in understanding their causes. This research explores the use of a geographic information system (GIS) for an integrated analysis, taking into account two accident-related factors: design consistency (DC) (based on vehicle speed) and available sight distance (ASD) (based on visibility). Both factors require specific GIS software add-ins, which are explained. Digital terrain models (DTMs), vehicle paths, road centerlines, a speed prediction model, and crash data are integrated in the GIS. The usefulness of this approach has been assessed through a study of more than 500 crashes. From a regularly spaced grid, the terrain (bare ground) has been modeled through a triangulated irregular network (TIN). The length of the roads analyzed is greater than 100 km. Results have shown that DC and ASD could be related to crashes in approximately 4% of cases. In order to illustrate the potential of GIS, two crashes are fully analyzed: a car rollover after running off road on the right side and a rear-end collision of two moving vehicles. Although this procedure uses two software add-ins that are available only for ArcGIS, the study gives a practical demonstration of the suitability of GIS for conducting integrated studies of road safety. 相似文献
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基于人类尺度营建的古城道路网经过历史演化具有分形结构.在汽车成为道路设计导向的背景下,立足于分形连接的古城道路网应回归人性化出行的视角,应用Hausdorff维数简化分析法,长度--半径维数分析法及分枝数目--半径维数分析法,对1735年,1893年,1949年及2014年四个时期西安古城道路网进行了分形维数的测算,揭示了道路网分形演化趋势和不同时期的分形特征,探讨了演化原因并确定了分形演化过程中的三个阶段(不断向更高层次演化阶段;演化到较高等级,但外部因素对道路网产生逆向扰动;处于较高层级,但交通方式变革使基于人类尺度的道路网在结构和功能上发生局部蜕变),指出目前西安古城道路网在结构和功能上的局部蜕化趋势不容忽视,并针对问题提出应推崇适宜步行和自行车出行的模式典范,对古城道路网保护乃至整个古城的可持续发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
20.
中国柑橘生产空间变迁及其驱动因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综合运用产业集中度、探索性数据分析（ESDA）、产业重心模型、空间杜宾模型等方法对中国柑橘生产空间演变特征,以及驱动因素进行实证分析。结果显示：1978－2015年中国柑橘生产空间呈现扩张态势,可分为急剧增长期（1978－1991年）、低速增长期（1992－2000年）、稳步增长期（2001－2015年）。中国柑橘生产空间主要集中在西南地区、中南地区、华东地区,具有“北冷南热”的空间结构。柑橘生产空间在省域尺度上具有显著的正向空间自相关特征,呈现显著的地理集聚现象,且集聚呈现先急剧下降,其后再波动上升的变化过程。自2000年起,生产空间重心持续性向西南向迁移,“西移南扩”的迁移趋势明显。中国柑橘生产空间从最初的自然驱动,逐步转向为“自然－社会”驱动。自然资源禀赋决定着中国柑橘生产的基础空间,社会经济因素是柑橘生产空间变迁的重要原因。在市场区位因素中,道路运输、水果消费对柑橘生产空间存在显著的正向效应,路网密度提高,提升了产区的经济区位,居民收入的提高扩大了柑橘消费需求,因此每提高1%,柑橘面积分别增加0.192%和0.107%。在生产要素中,劳动力投入、水利灌溉对柑橘生产空间存在正向效应,每提高1%,柑橘面积分别增加0.934%和0.094%。在社会经济因素中,非农就业机会引起的农村劳动力流失,对柑橘生产空间存在强烈的负向效应,每提高1%,柑橘面积减少1.365%。科技进步带来的新品种、新技术对柑橘生产空间存在正向效应,每提高1%,柑橘面积增加0.058%。人均粮食占有量的直接效应为负向效应,间接效应为正向效应,意味着在分配有限土地资源的博弈中,本地土地首先要满足粮食安全,因此抑制柑橘面积增加。而邻近地区人均粮食占有量的提高,通过粮食流通能够满足本地粮食安全,促进柑橘面积增加。 相似文献