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1.
长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换通量量算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于3年长江口滨岸湿地沉积物-水界面无机氮季节性交换通量连续实测数据,建立无机氮界面交换通量空间插值模型与量算模型,对无机氮界面交换通量季节性空间分布特征、滨岸湿地不同岸段无机氮季节性界面交换总通量量算等研究。结果表明:修正GIDS插值模型在无机氮界面交换通量空间插值预测过程中精度明显优于IDS方法,而略优于普通Kriging方法;长江口滨岸湿地沉积物-水界面无机氮交换通量空间分布在不同季节表现出复杂的空间分异特征;利用修正GIDS插值模型对长江口滨岸湿地无机氮交换通量进行空间插值过程中,为提高通量量算模型精度,应采用1.2'×1.2'的空间尺度为最佳;长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换总通量量算表明,长江口滨岸湿地在春季向水体释放无机氮,是水体无机氮的释放源,释放量为1.33×104 t,夏季、秋季和冬季表现为净化水体中无机氮,是水体无机氮的吸收汇,分别净化无机氮量为4.36×104 t、6.81×104 t和2.24×104 t,全年总体表现为净化水体中无机氮,净化量为12.1×104 t;长江口多年水体中无机氮通量多项式拟合分析得出,2002~2004年3年长江口水体中无机氮通量平均值为52.6×104 t,滨岸湿地对长江口水体中无机氮的年均净化率达23.0%。  相似文献   

2.
P342,S153.612006043070长江口滨岸湿地无机氮界面交换通量量算=CalculationofinorganicnitrogenfluxesintheYangtzeEstuarytidalwetland/王军,陈振楼…∥地理学报.—2006,61(7).—729~740基于3年长江口滨岸湿地沉积物-水界面无机氮季节性交换通量连续实测数据,建立无机氮界面交换通量空间插值模型与量算模型,对无机氮界面交换通量季节性空间分布特征、滨岸湿地不同岸段无机氮季节性界面交换总通量量算等研究.图5表5参43(广兵)BeTV148.1,TV1472006043071钱塘江河口段长周期泥沙冲淤和河床变形=Long-termsed-imenterosion/depositionand…  相似文献   

3.
官厅水库作为北京备用水源地和西北部生态涵养区的重要节点,近年来面临生物多样性下降、滩涂人为侵占严重、水质退化等严重问题。为整体提升官厅水库库滨湿地的环境质量,改善周边人居环境,基于库区水面高程特点进行功能区划,通过污染源治理工程、湿地生态保育工程以及湿地修复及重建三大工程,重塑官厅水库库滨湿地景观,为解决库滨湿地生态环境保护与地区经济发展之间的矛盾提供技术借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

4.
基于模型集成的北京湿地价值评价系统设计与实现   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
湿地价值评价让公众和管理者很直观了解湿地功能及价值大小,对于湿地保护宣传和湿地管理都有着重要的意义。本文在北京湿地的大气调节、气候调节、蓄水调洪、水质净化、地下水补给、控制土壤侵蚀、生物多样性、滞尘、生物产品、水源供给、文化遗产和旅游休憩等12项价值评价方法研究基础上,利用ArcGIS Model Builder等多种建模方式,构建了12项湿地价值评价模型,并基于ArcGIS Engine二次开发组件,在.NET环境下设计和实现了北京湿地价值评价系统。结果表明:(1)先建立模型及工具集,然后进行统一封装和调用,最后开发应用系统,这种湿地价值评价系统设计与开发方式快速简单、容易实现、而且稳定可靠;(2)该系统可以有效管理湿地资源数据,方便快捷地完成湿地资源各项功能价值评价和综合价值测算,快速获得北京湿地的各个湿地斑块、各种类型湿地、各行政区县和任何统计单元的湿地单项功能价值和综合功能价值量,还可以快速编制湿地价值空间图和统计报表;(3)该系统为湿地价值评价提供了一种自动化、流程化、标准化的测量方法,具有一定的推广潜力。  相似文献   

5.
以可持续发展理论、环境生态学、景观生态学等科学理论为指导,应用"3S"技术和地面观测技术相结合的方法,结合对我国湿地环境质量监测研究的历史与现状,以国内主要湿地类型区的监测信息为平台,共筛选出了湿地景观状况、湿地生物状况、湿地非生物状况、湿地规模等4大类,共计19个监测评价指标,应用层次分析法(AHP),在咨询专家意见的基础上,利用T.L.Saaty的标度法,建立了符合我国国情的湿地环境质量监测的评价指标体系,研究成果可评价全国范围内的湿地环境质量变化规律和发展趋势,为我国的湿地评价、保护和管理工作提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
基于多参数指标的长江口滨岸多环芳烃来源辨析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在长江口滨岸及临近排污口、滨岸河流、城市中心城区采集悬浮颗粒物、表层沉积物、街道灰尘等样品, 分别利用GC-MS 和GC-C-IRMS 定量分析了不同环境介质中的多环芳烃 (PAHs) 与有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素(δ13C), 开展了基于PAH 环数、分子量特征比值和有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素组成等参数指标的长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中PAHs 源解析研究。研究结果显示, 长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中的PAH 化合物主要以3~4 环为主, 与吴淞排污口、石洞口污水处理厂、黄浦江、滨岸小河流以及上海中心城区等潜在来源区域不同环境介质中的PAHs 组成特征相似, 主要来源于汽油、柴油、煤炭和木材的不完全燃烧以及石油残余物的混合。其中, 木材和煤炭不完全燃烧形成的PAHs 以及石油残余物, 枯季经过滨岸河流及排污口直接输入, 洪季则为城市街道灰尘被暴雨冲刷, 随地表 径流最终汇入河口; 汽车排放(汽油、柴油不完全燃烧) 产生的PAHs 主要富集在城市交通区和商业区的街道灰尘中, 枯季借助区域盛行风迁移至河口区, 洪季则主要通过暴雨径流冲刷进入河口。  相似文献   

7.
长江经济带岸线资源调查与评估研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
岸线资源是重要而特殊的国土资源与国土空间,在江河沿岸地区经济社会发展和生态环境建设中发挥重要的支撑作用。基于遥感解译、部门座谈、实地勘察和采样测试等技术方法,对长江经济带干支流岸线资源开展了系统的调查评估分析。结果表明,岸线资源条件存在较大的空间差异,岸线资源生态敏感程度较高,开发与保护协调困难,岸线利用对滨岸带水环境和水生态产生影响,局部岸段健康风险突出,滨江湿地呈萎缩、破碎化趋势。从岸线资源空间管控等方面提出政策建议,以期为促进长江经济带绿色高质量发展、生态环境保护规划及国土空间规划等战略和工作提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
选择长江口滨岸潮滩作为典型研究区,研究了排污活动对潮滩营养盐N环境地球化学过程的影响。结果发现排污口滨岸潮滩上覆水、表层沉积物孔隙水和表层沉积物中的NH4+-N、TIN等都有显著累积效应,而NOx--N在长江口滨岸潮滩上覆水、表层沉积物孔隙水和表层沉积物中并未出现累积高峰值,表明外源输入不是潮滩环境中NOx--N主要来源。分析结果还显示,排污口潮滩沉积物-水界面间N分子扩散通量明显大于非排污口,表明排污活动加剧了潮滩沉积物-水界面间营养盐N的扩散过程。  相似文献   

9.
应用GIS技术研究广东省海岸带湿地资源与环境   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
广东省湿地生态环境复杂多样,资源丰富,但多年来由于人类活动的影响,湿地保护存在着严重的威胁,湿地资源与环境有恶化的趋势。文中在分析广东省海岸带湿地资源与环境现状的基础上,提出了湿地保护的技术方法,即利用GIS技术建立广东省海岸带湿地资源与环境信息系统,系统功能涉及湿地资源与环境的现状分析、评价预测、保护规划和开发利用等方面。文中以湿地土地资源评价模型之一自然适宜性评价模型为例,充分应用GIS强大的空间信息管理和分析功能,将湿地土地资源各种适宜性评价因子的分布等级图加权叠加分析得到评价的向量表达式,进而建立湿地土地资源自然适宜性的评价模型。系统以Arcview作为工具软件,提供模型所需要的用户界面和二次开发环境,模型应用于湛江市区得到较好的效果。利用GIS技术建立湿地资源与环境信息系统,用于湿地评价保护及开发利用,在国内外均是一个新的应用领域。  相似文献   

10.
哈尔滨市土地利用与生态环境物元评价   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
王兰霞  李巍  王蕾 《地理研究》2009,28(4):1001-1010
针对区域土地利用与生态环境系统的特点,建立了土地利用与生态环境协调评价的指标体系和复合物元模型,以哈尔滨市为例,对各县级单元进行了土地利用与生态环境协调的空间差异评价。结果表明:①物元分析理论对区域土地利用与生态环境评价具有明显的适用性,评价结果显示出哈尔滨市域内土地利用与生态环境协调状况的空间差异明显;②基于复合物元模型进行评价,通过单指标信息可以找出影响区域土地利用与生态环境协调发展的关键问题,如大多数县级区域存在土地集约利用水平较低、面临土壤污染、土壤侵蚀及湿地生态功能脆弱等土地生态环境风险,符合研究区的实际情况;③只有合理制定区域差异化的土地生态环境管制措施,积极引导对土地退化等问题的防治,才能实现区域土地可持续利用、生态环境质量改善和区域可持续发展。  相似文献   

11.
1IntroductionSincetheearly1970s,theimportanceofthewetlandenvironmentalprotectionhasbeenextensivelyrecognized,computertechnologieshavebeenwidelyusedinenvironmentalprotection,andalargenumberofthewetlandinformationsystemshavebeendeveloped.EspeciallyinU.S.A.,…  相似文献   

12.
Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System (YETWGIS) is a comprehensive software system for environmental management and decision of Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands. Based on MapObjects components technology, Data Mining technology, mathematical modeling method and Visual Basic language, this software system has many functions such as displaying, editing, querying and searching, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and environmental quality evaluation. This paper firstly outlined the system structure, key techniques, and achieving methods of YETWGIS, and then, described the core modules (the thematic map compiling module and environmental quality evaluation model module) in detail. In addition, based on information entropy model, it thoroughly discussed the methods of environmental quality evaluation and indicators' weight calculation. Finally, by using YETWGIS, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Heavy Metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2002, and evaluated the environmental quality of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2003.  相似文献   

13.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
根据近年来长江河口及其邻近水域8个测站1年的表层悬沙浓度逐日观测资料,并结合水动力状况,对悬沙浓度的时空变化进行了分析。结果发现,长江口自徐六泾以下悬沙浓度不断增高,并呈现口内夏高冬低,而口外冬高夏低,且量值为口外大于口内,杭州湾大于长江口。表明长江入海泥沙在海洋动力作用下强烈再悬浮;悬沙浓度在时间上呈现明显的大小潮周期和季节性变化。进一步分析认为,海洋动力 (风浪和潮流) 是泥沙再悬浮的主导因素,制约悬沙浓度的年内变化,其中潮流控制悬沙浓度的大小潮周期变化,风浪引起悬沙浓度的季节性变化,河流径流和海洋动力的对比制约悬沙浓度的空间分布。  相似文献   

14.
长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
A detailed analysis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations over a year period is presented using the data from 8 stations in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, together with a discussion of the hydrodynamic regimes of the estuary. Spatially, the SSC from Xuliujing downwards to Hangzhou Bay increases almost constantly, and the suspended sediment in the inner estuary shows higher concentration in summer than in winter, while in the outer estuary it shows higher concentration in winter than in summer, and the magnitude is greater in the outer estuary than in the inner estuary, greater in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze River estuary. The sediments discharged by the Yangtze River into the sea are resuspended by marine dynamics included tidal currents and wind waves. Temporally, the SSC shows a pronounced neap-spring tidal cycle and seasonal variations. Furthermore, through the analysis of dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that wave and tidal current are two predominant factors of sediment resuspension and control the distribution and changes of SSC, in which tidal currents control neap-spring tidal cycles, and wind waves control seasonal variations. The ratio between river discharge and marine dynamics controls soatial distribution of SSC.  相似文献   

15.
A detailed analysis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variations over a year period is presented using the data from 8 stations in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, together with a discussion of the hydrodynamic regimes of the estuary. Spatially, the SSC from Xuliujing downwards to Hangzhou Bay increases almost constantly, and the suspended sediment in the inner estuary shows higher concentration in summer than in winter, while in the outer estuary it shows higher concentration in winter than in summer, and the magnitude is greater in the outer estuary than in the inner estuary, greater in the Hangzhou Bay than in the Yangtze River estuary. The sediments discharged by the Yangtze River into the sea are resuspended by marine dynamics included tidal currents and wind waves. Temporally, the SSC shows a pronounced neap-spring tidal cycle and seasonal variations. Furthermore, through the analysis of dynamic mechanism, it is concluded that wave and tidal current are two predominant factors of sediment resuspension and control the distribution and changes of SSC, in which tidal currents control neap-spring tidal cycles, and wind waves control seasonal variations. The ratio between river discharge and marine dynamics controls spatial distribution of SSC.  相似文献   

16.
Estuarine wetlands serve as a natural barrier to remove the land-generated pollutants and attenuate the pollutant load from the land to the sea.As one of the most important estuarine wetlands,the Yangtze estuarine wetlands have attracted particular interests in the biogeochemical studies of nutrients.The objectives of this study were to characterize the seasonal and spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) fluxes across the sediment-water interface;to calculate the total DIN fluxes in a year and different seasons;and to evaluate the DIN removing capability of the sediment in the tidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary.The spatial distribution of DIN fluxes shows complicated seasonal variations and spatial differences.The annual DIN fluxes range from-22.22 mmol N m-2 h-1 to 19.54 mmol N m-2 h-1,with an average of-1.48±1.34 mmol N m-2 h-1.The tidal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary behave as a source of water DIN in spring when DIN is released from sediment into overlying water,and the released amount of DIN is 1.33×104 tons of nitrogen(T N).In summer,autumn and winter,the sediment absorbs the DIN from the overlying water,and the absorbed amounts of DIN are 4.36×104 T N,6.81×104 T N and 2.24×104 T N,respectively.The average amount of DIN in overlying water of the Yangtze Estuary is 52.6×104 T N yr-1,and the perennial average amount of DIN absorbed from the overlying water by the sediment is 12.1×104 T N yr-1.The annual DIN elimination rate of the tidal wetlands was 23.0%.  相似文献   

17.
Sketching as a natural mode for human communication and creative processes presents opportunities for improving human–computer interaction in geospatial information systems. However, to use a sketch map as user input, it must be localized within the underlying spatial data set of the information system, the base metric map. This can be achieved by a matching process called qualitative map alignment in which qualitative spatial representations of the two input maps are used to establish correspondences between each sketched object and one or more objects in the metric map. The challenge is that, to the best of our knowledge, no method for matching qualitative spatial representations suggested so far is applicable in realistic scenarios due to excessively long runtimes, incorrect algorithm design or the inability to use more than one spatial aspect at a time. We address these challenges with a metaheuristic algorithm which uses novel data structures to match qualitative spatial representations of a pair of maps. We present the design, data structures and performance evaluation of the algorithm using real-world sketch and metric maps as well as on synthetic data. Our algorithm is novel in two main aspects. Firstly, it employs a novel system of matrices known as local compatibility matrices, which facilitate the computation of estimates for the future size of a partial alignment and allow several types of constraints to be used at the same time. Secondly, the heuristic it computes has a higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art heuristic for this task, yet requires less computation. Our algorithm is also a general method for matching labelled graphs, a special case of which is the one involving complete graphs whose edges are labelled with spatial relations. The results of our evaluation demonstrate practical runtime performance and high solution quality.  相似文献   

18.
本文介绍作者自行开发的GIS软件系统———基于空间数据库的多媒体图形查询信息系统的内容、结构和功能 ,以及在环境规划管理方面的应用。阐明了系统可满足决策管理层和公共信息发布层等不同层次的应用需求 ,对环境工程项目的规划管理可作为示范和借鉴。说明本系统除具有一般GIS系统所具有的功能外 ,还把现代多媒体技术和GIS空间数据库技术结合起来 ,实现了在空间数据基础上的多媒体信息查询 ,丰富了GIS中属性数据查询的内容 ,提高了地图的可视性。详细介绍了一种地理信息系统的空间分析方法———包含分析的算法和在本系统中的具体应用———按多边形区域进行空间相关性关系查询。  相似文献   

19.
不同水淹环境下河口感潮湿地枯落物分解及营养动态   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
采用分解袋法,以我国东南沿海典型的感潮河口--闽江河口最大的鳝鱼滩湿地为研究区域,选取2个潮水水淹环境差异显著的地段(一个为近潮沟地段,另一个为远潮沟地段)为研究样地,对闽江河口主要的本地种芦苇、短叶茳芏及外来人侵种互花米草枯落物分解过程及影响因素进行研究,结果表明:(1)经常性的潮汐水淹对3种植物枯落物分解速率的影响不显著;(2)经常性的潮汐水淹促进了短叶茳芏和互花米草枯落物N、P元素的损失,但对芦苇的影响不大;(3)在2种不同的水淹环境,3种植物枯落物分解速率由快到慢的顺序均是短叶茳芏>互花米草>和芦苇,分解速率在0.003166~0.005280 d-1之间,95%干物质分解需要的时间在1.56~2.61 a之间;(4)C浓度基本稳定,N浓度呈上升趋势,总N在研究末期表现为净损失,P浓度呈较大的波动,总P在研究末期也表现为净损失;(5)具有最低C/P的短叶茳芏枯落物分解速率最快.  相似文献   

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