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近年来,在南极和非南极地区回收的异常陨石中已识别８个原始无球粒陨石群：斜方辉石－橄榄石无球粒陨石、富橄榄石无球粒陨石、橄榄古铜陨铁、橄辉无球粒陨石、顽辉石－镁橄榄石无球粒陨石及ＡＢ－ＣＤ硅酸盐、顽辉石无球粒陨石及钛辉无球粒陨石。斜方辉石－橄榄石无球粒陨石及橄榄古铜陨铁具有相似的矿物学、矿物成分、热历史、氧同位素组成及宇宙射线暴露年龄,他们系来自共同的母体。ＡＢ－ＣＤ硅酸盐及顽辉石－镁橄榄石无球粒陨石的氧同位素组成、化学及矿物学也相似,认为他们来自共同的母体。在考察岩石学证据的基础上,将ＡＢ－ＣＤ硅酸盐和顽辉石－镁橄榄石无球粒陨石、富橄榄石无球粒陨石、斜方辉石－橄榄石无球粒陨石及橄榄古铜陨铁以及橄辉无球粒陨石划分为非岩浆型的原始无球粒陨石,他们为高度变质并伴随不同程度部分熔融的岩石;而顽辉石无球粒陨石及钛辉无球粒陨石为火成岩石,但未受到广泛的分异作用和分异形成不同岩性的岩石,将其划分为岩浆型的原始无球粒陨石。到目前为止,共有六个原始无球粒陨石母体。 相似文献
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根据2002年及2006年南大洋普里兹湾浮游动物和环境调查资料,对普里兹湾磷虾幼体及被囊类纽鳃樽的分布和丰度进行了初步研究。结果表明,陆架以北深海水域（水深>1000 m）磷虾幼体主要由长臂樱磷虾Thysanoessa macrura和大磷虾Euphausia superba组成,其中长臂樱磷虾幼体的分布范围更广、丰度更高。2006年与2002年相比海冰回退时间早,测区海水的平均温度和叶绿素a浓度较高,大磷虾及长臂樱磷虾幼体的丰度相对更大,成熟度更高。近岸区域磷虾幼体主要由晶磷虾Euphausia crystallorophias组成,在2002年近岸冰情严重时丰度较小,仅为95.6尾/1000 m3,2006年近岸出现冰间湖时,晶磷虾幼体丰度高达43966.6尾/1000 m3,主要以无节幼体及原蚤状幼体CI期为主。测区纽鳃樽Salpa thompsoni丰度很低,2002年仅在最北部1个站位出现,密度为10个/1000 m3,2006年在陆坡及陆架坡折3个站位出现,平均丰度为146.7个/1000 m3。海冰消融时间、冰间湖、饵料浓度等环境因子对普里兹湾磷虾幼体及纽鳃樽的分布和丰度产生重要影响。 相似文献
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TONE FALKENHAUG 《Polar research》1991,10(2):487-506
Sagitta elegans var. arctica , the dominant and locally abundant chaetognath in the Barents sea, was collected from the upper 50 m in Arctic water masses during an ice edge bloom in early summer 1983. In situ sampling was made along a transect at discrete depths with a 375 μm mesh net mounted on a plankton pump. Prey composition and feeding rate were estimated from gut content analyses on preserved specimens combined with data on digestion times from previous studies. No diel variations were found in feeding activity. The diet reflected the composition of available prey in the zooplankton and consisted mainly of nauplii, small copepods (early stages of Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Oithona ) and appendicularians. Prey usually occurred as a single item in the gut.
Mean prey body width related to chaetognath head width yielded a power curve, with a large amount of scatter, showing that chaetognaths in the Barents Sea can use a wide spectrum of prey sizes. Similarly, maximum prey body width was related to chaetognath head width as a power curve, reflecting the existence of an upper prey size limitation due to the chaetognath mouth size. The highest abundance of S. elegans (5 specimens m−3 ), and the most intense feeding activity, were found within or beneath the maximum zooplankton biomass. Further, distribution and feeding were affected by light intensity, salinity, and the population structure of 5. elegans var. arctica.
Estimated feeding rates ranged between 0.30 and 1.05 prey items per chaetognath day−1 . This corresponds to an ingestion of 8-54 μg AFDW day−1 , and a consumption of 0.08–0.22% of the zooplankton standing stock day−1 . From these rates, the calculated yearly ingestion by S. elegans var. arctica was 3% of the annually secondary production. 相似文献
Mean prey body width related to chaetognath head width yielded a power curve, with a large amount of scatter, showing that chaetognaths in the Barents Sea can use a wide spectrum of prey sizes. Similarly, maximum prey body width was related to chaetognath head width as a power curve, reflecting the existence of an upper prey size limitation due to the chaetognath mouth size. The highest abundance of S. elegans (5 specimens m
Estimated feeding rates ranged between 0.30 and 1.05 prey items per chaetognath day
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民勤绿洲边缘荒漠植被滴灌恢复试验研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
应用滴灌技术对民勤绿洲边缘退化植被梭梭、白刺进行灌溉恢复试验研究。结果表明:(1)滴灌条件下,退化植被梭梭、白刺生长良好,可使梭梭新稍增长1.3~1.5倍,新梢数目增多1.1~1.2倍,新梢生物量增加1.5~1.8倍;使白刺冠幅增大1.9~2.8倍,叶片数增多1.6~2.2倍,叶生物量增大2.8~6.5倍。(2)滴灌植物梭梭、白刺光合生理作用强。相对免灌对照,梭梭在100 m3.hm-2和150 m3.hm-2的灌溉定额下光合速率(CO2)提高1.30 μmol.m-2.s-1和3.42 μmol.m-2.s-1,白刺在200 m3.hm-2和300 m3.hm-2的灌溉定额下光合速率提高0.76 μmol.m-2.s-1和1.35 μmol.m-2.s-1,滴灌植被光合速率随灌溉量的增加而增大。(3)灌溉林地土壤水分状况得到较大的改善,在0~250 cm土壤层次内,梭梭林地水分为3\^07%~3\^34％,相对对照林地提高了1.0~1.3百分点;白刺林地水分为2.76%~4.43％,相对对照提高了0.7~2.3百分点。 相似文献
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干旱区沙地资源农业利用模式的经济生态综合评判 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
采用多层次模糊综合评判对干旱沙区比较典型的(Ⅰ)小麦玉米带作模式、(Ⅱ)沙地衬膜种稻技术模式、(Ⅲ)沙地长龙架葡萄栽培模式、(Ⅳ)沙地果树微灌栽培模式,(Ⅴ)枣粮间作模式5种沙地利用模式进行了经济生态综合评价。讨论了在多因素决策的情况下5种模式的优先排序:Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ。评判因子权值确定采用判断矩阵分析法,模糊矩阵合成运算选用加权线性变换模型M(·,+)进行求解。 相似文献
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1998 /1 999年南极夏季 ,作者随“雪龙船”在南极普里兹湾及其北部海区 (63° - 69°1 2′S ,70°30′- 75°30′E) 3条断面 2 4个测站进行浮游生物现存量和初级生产力的现场观测 ,研究叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的分布特征。测区表层叶绿素a浓度为 0 .1 6 - 3 .99μg/dm3,普里兹湾内和湾西部四女士浅滩海域浓度在 3 .5μg/dm3以上 ;平面分布趋势从湾内向西北方向递减 ,深海区浓度在 0 .5μg/dm3以下。从垂向看叶绿素a浓度的最大值大多出现于 2 5m或 50m层 ,50m以下更深层的浓度随深度的增加而降低 ,2 0 0m层叶绿素a浓度分布范围为 0 .0 1 - 0 .95μg/dm3。粒径分级叶绿素a浓度以微小型浮游生物的贡献占优势 (56 % ) ,微型浮游生物的贡献占2 4 % ,微微型浮游生物的贡献占 2 0 %。测区潜在初级生产力为 0 .1 1～ 1 1 .67mgC/(m3·h) ,平均值为 2 .0 0± 2 .80mgC/(m3·h)。高生产力区位于普里兹湾 ,平均现场生产力达到 0 .86gC/(m2 ·d) ;依次为陆架区、陆坡区 ,深海区生产力较低 ,平均现场生产力为 0 .1 7gC/(m2 ·d)。光合作用同化数较低 (1 .53± 1 .1 1mgC/(mgChla·h) )。粒径分级初级生产力以微小型浮游生物的贡献占优势 (58% ) ,微型浮游生物的贡献占 2 6 % ,微微型浮游生物的贡献占 1 6 %。浮游植 相似文献
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The distribution feature of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity in Prydz Bay and its north sea area during the austral summer 
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下载免费PDF全文 The investigation of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity were carried out in three longitudinal sections (63°-69°12'S, 70°30'E, 73°E and 75(30'E) at December 18-26, 1998 and January 12-18, 1999 in Prydz Bay and its north sea area, Antarctica. The results showed that surface chlorophyll a concentration were 0. 16 -3. 99 μg dm-3. The high values of chlorophyll a concentration (more than 3.5 μg dm -3) were in Prydz Bay and in the west Ladies Bank. The average chlorophyll a concentration at sub-surface layer was higher than that at surface layer; its concentration at the deeper layers of 50 m decreased with increasing depth and that at 200 m depth was only 0. 01 -0. 95μg dm -3. The results of size-fractionated chlorophyll a showed that the contribution of the netplanktion to total chlorophyll a was 56% , those of the nanoplankton and the picoplankton were 24% and 20% respectively in the surveyed area. The potential primary productivity at the euphotic zone in the surveyed area wa 相似文献
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MARIA VERNET 《Polar research》1991,10(1):129-146
Pigment budgets use chlorophyll a and phaeopigment standing stock in combination with their photo-oxidation and sedimentation rates in the euphotic zone to estimate phytoplankton growth and grazing by micro- and macrozooplankton. Using this approach, average phytoplankton growth in the euphotic zone of the Barents Sea was estimated at 0.17 and 0.14 d−1 during spring of 1987 and 0.018 and 0.036 d−1 during late- and postbloom conditions in summer of 1988. Spring growth was 65% lower than the estimates from radiocarbon incorporation, supporting a 33% pigment loss during grazing. Macrozooplankton grazing and cell sinking were the main loss terms for phytoplankton during spring while microzooplankton grazing was dominant in summer.
In contrast to tropical and temperate waters, Arctic waters are characterized by a high phaeopigment: chlorophyll a ratio in the seston. Photooxidation rates of phaeopigments at in situ temperatures (0 ± 1°C) are lower than in temperate waters and vary by a factor of 2 for individual forms (0.009 to 0.018 m−2 mol−1 ). The phaeopigment fraction in both the suspended and sedimenting material was composed of seven main compounds that were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by spectral analysis. The most abundant phaeopigment in the sediment traps, a phaeo-phorbide-like molecule of intermediate polarity (phaeophorbide a3 ), peaked in abundance in the water column below the 1% isolume for PAR (60-80 m) and showed the highest rate of photooxidation. This phaeopigment was least abundant in the seston when phytoplankton was dominated by prymnesiophytcs but increased its abundance in plankton dominated by diatoms. This distribution suggests that larger grazers feeding on diatoms are the main producers of this phaeopigment. 相似文献
In contrast to tropical and temperate waters, Arctic waters are characterized by a high phaeopigment: chlorophyll a ratio in the seston. Photooxidation rates of phaeopigments at in situ temperatures (0 ± 1°C) are lower than in temperate waters and vary by a factor of 2 for individual forms (0.009 to 0.018 m
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在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原克鲁伦河流域选取轻度、中度和重度3个放牧区研究植物地上和地下生物量、根冠比及土壤有机质、氮、磷等养分含量对放牧强度的响应。结果表明:重度放牧区的地上生物量(89.73 g·m-2)显著低于轻度(565. 61 g·m-2)和中度放牧区(488. 92 g·m-2),地下生物量(1 029. 90 g·m-2)则显著高于轻度(604.92 g·m-2)和中度放牧区(418.38 g·m-2)。重度放牧区的根冠比为11.54,显著高于轻度(1.11)和中度放牧区(0.89)。土壤有机质及各养分含量随着放牧强度的增加先显著降低而后显著增大,中度放牧区的养分含量最低。 相似文献
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Primary productivity and chlorophyll a in Prydz Bay and its mouth in Antarctica during the austral summer of 1999/2000 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The investigation of phytoplankton standing stock, euphotic layer and photosynthesis rate were carried out in 19 27 of January, 2000 at three longitudinal sections (70°30′E, 73°00′E and 75°30′E). The results showed that the high value of chlorophyll a concentration was in inshore bay, polynya and the continental slope of the investigated sea area. At various investigated stations, average chlorophyll a concentration at sub surface layer (25 m) was higher than that at surface layer; its concentration at the deeper layers of over 50 m decreased with increasing depth. At anchor station, the maximum chlorophyll a concentration appeared at surface layer in Antarctic summer's afternoon while the minimum value appeared in the morning; chlorophyll a concentration at water layer of 0 25 m was obviously higher than that at deep water layer, being related to the releasing of ice algae. High productivity was in inshore bay and polynya of continental shelf. Chlorophyll a concentration at surface layer is closely correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentration in seawater. The sea area with chlorophyll a concentration of over 1.0 μg/dm 3 may be the convergence of CO 2 and that of below 1.0 μg/dm 3 may be the source of CO 2. 相似文献
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寡营养细菌(Oligographic bacteria)及其固沙作用的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
从新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的下层(沙物质层)分离到一株寡营养细菌,G +;细胞大小在0.328~0.746×0.171~0.240 μm;菌落圆形;直径5 mm,白色光滑,隆起明显;兼性好氧;该菌可在含碳量1~15 mg\5L-1培养基、10~70 ℃、pH值 5~11的环境中生长,较适宜生长温度范围为15~37 ℃;最适pH值范围为8~9;该菌在生长过程中分泌大量的黏多糖,室内培养72 h黏度可达9 000 mPa·S。将黏度为1 500 mPa·S的菌体培养液喷洒在流沙表面后,能够形成可以粘连沙粒约6 mm厚的寡营养细菌结皮层,该结皮层不仅能够固沙而且具有一定的减缓土壤中水分蒸发的效果。 相似文献
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贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度上土壤氮素矿化作用的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用封顶埋管法对贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度上土壤铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)以及Ｎ净矿化速率进行了研究。结果表明：①在海拔1 370～2 940 m的范围内,土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量随海拔高度的降低而降低。②土壤N净矿化速率随海拔高度的降低呈现出明显的“V”字型变化规律,在海拔2 940 m 处最高（平均为0.272 mg·kg-1·d-1）,在海拔2 100 m处最低（平均为0.001 mg·kg-1·d-1）,之后又随海拔高度的降低而上升,在海拔1 370 m处达到0.136 mg·kg-１·d-１的水平。③回归分析显示,土壤矿化氮含量（NH+4-N +NO-3-N）与土壤含水量、全氮、有机质、群落中植物密度、地上生物量呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重、pH值呈极显著负相关。但土壤N净矿化速率与土壤含水量、全氮、有机质、容重、pH值之间却没有相关性。 相似文献
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洛川地区倒数第二次间冰期气候变化研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
洛川地区倒数第二次间冰期磁化率与孢粉资料分析表明： 248.1~236.1 ka BP气候温暖湿润,236.1~215.4 ka BP气候变得相对干冷;215.4~188.7 ka BP为该时期最湿热的阶段,其年均温比现今高5 ℃左右,年均降水量高300 mm左右。洛川地区气候变化与全球性气候变化具有一致性,但也存在地区差异。S2-1包括孢粉Ⅴ、Ⅵ带,对应于MIS7a的湿热期,S2-2包括孢粉带Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ,对应于MIS7b~7d气候转为干冷期,S2-3与孢粉带Ⅰ和MIS7e相一致,其中在S2-2阶段,223.2~218.7 ka BP时期的增温事件与孢粉Ⅲ带和MIS7c相对应。黄土高原地区各剖面磁化率特征表现出极高的一致性,而与东部沿海地区存在着一些差异,原因可能是季风三角的不同地区受夏季风的影响强弱不同造成的。 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地夏秋(6—9月)季不同类型沙丘土壤呼吸对气温变化的响应 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
通过测定分析了科尔沁沙地6—9月不同生境（固定、半固定和流动沙丘）土壤呼吸速率的日动态、月际动态及其对气温变化的响应。结果表明：测定期平均土壤呼吸速率在各生境间存在显著差异,其大小为固定沙丘（2.35 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）＞半固定沙丘（1.67 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）＞流动沙丘（1.06 μmolCO2·m-2·s-1）;指数模型能够较好地揭示不同生境土壤呼吸对气温变化的响应,但土壤呼吸的月际动态与气温变化不完全同步;各生境土壤在高温环境下的Q10值(土壤呼吸对温度敏感程度)普遍低于低温环境下的Q10值;固定、半固定和流动沙丘基于气温月际变化的Q10值分别为2.34、1.99和1.31,表明不同的植被状况和土壤性质会影响到土壤呼吸对温度变化的敏感程度。 相似文献
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利用2008年3月锡林浩特国家气候观象台通量观测系统获取的资料,对草原初春晴天和阴天地表能量和辐射平衡特征进行了对比。结果显示,初春典型晴天总辐射、反射辐射、向下和向上长波辐射的最大值分别为801 W·m-2、203 W·m-2、197 W·m-2和390 W·m-2;阴天总辐射与反射辐射明显减弱,峰值分别为595 W·m-2、147 W·m-2,向下、向上长波辐射最大值分别为290 W·m-2和182 W·m-2。晴天感热、潜热、土壤热通量和净辐射的日积分值分别是6.58 MJ·m-2·d-1、1.05 MJ·m-2·d-1、-0.25 MJ·m-2·d-1和5.89 MJ·m-2·d-1,阴天感热、潜热、土壤热通量和净辐射的日积分值分别是1.15 MJ·m-2·d-1、0.49 MJ·m-2·d-1、-0.08 MJ·m-2·d-1和1.65 MJ·m-2·d-1。典型晴天地表反照率早晚大,中午最小,最小值为 0.26;而阴天受云的影响,最小值仅为0.22,且日变化不明显。 相似文献
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The Hydromedusae and its distribution in Chukchi Sea and adjacent southern edge waters of Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The present paper is based on materials collected in Chukchi Sea and adjacent southern edge waters of Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean during the period from July to August 1999 on the icebreaker, the R/V "Xuelong", by the Chinese First Arctic Scientific Expedition. Totally, 8 species of pelagic Hydromedusae were identified, of which 4 species belonged to Anthomedusae, 2 species to Leptomedusae, 1 species to Trachymedusae and 1 species to Narcomedusae, the Neoturris breviconis is recorded for the first time in Chukchi Sea. Their principal morphological characteristics are described and illustrated. The 8 species of Hydromedusae occurring in the Chukchi Sea were all cold water species, of which 6 species belong to neritic species and 2 species to ocean species. According to the geographic distribution of species, they may be divided into three groups: Arctic species, Arctic-boreal species and Boreal-temperate species. From the view-point of zoogeography, species from these waters belong to the Arctic fauna.The abundance of Hydromedusae in Chukchi Sea was generally low, with a mean value of 108 ind.·10 -2·m -3. Rathkea octopunctata and Aglantha digitale were dominant species. From the view-point of vertical distribution Aglantha digitale is inhabiting in the depth of 0 300 m and with the maximum in the depth of 50 m to 100 m. 相似文献
20.
Copepod grazing and its potential impact on the phytoplankton development in the Barents Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ULF BÅMSTEDT HANS CHRISTIAN EILERTSEN KURT S. TANDE DAG SLAGSTAD HEIN RUNE SKJOLDAL 《Polar research》1991,10(2):339-354
Compiled data from published and unpublished sources on copepod grazing of the large-sized copepods in the Barents Sea give wide ranges in grazing rates. Approximate average values indicate daily rations of 7–18% for copepodite stages V and VI and considerably higher values for the earliest copepodite stages. It is demonstrated that individual variability in gut fullness of copepods from a given locality is typically very high and not closely related to variable food abundance or depth of occurrence. There is no diel feeding rhythm during the summer, and even when relating copepod grazing to a number of biotic and abiotic factors through stepwise linear regression analysis, much of the variability remains unexplained. It is suggested that feeding behaviour, food quality and feeding history of the copepods all play important roles as factors which regulate copepod grazing. Model simulations on the phytoplankton succession, using literature data on laboratory-determined growth characteristics for solitary cells and colonies of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii and large diatoms, indicate that the extent of the mixed layer and selective grazing by zooplankton are important factors that may explain the occurrence of dense blooms of P. pouchetii colonies, frequently observed during the spring. 相似文献