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1.
乌兰布和沙漠的形成与环境变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在对乌兰布和沙漠进行野外考察的基础上,通过地貌学、沉积学和年代学的研究,为恢复该地区全新世以来沙漠的形成与演化找到了新的证据。乌兰布和沙漠西南部的吉兰泰盐湖周围及沙漠南部丘间低地湖相地层下部风成砂的系统OSL测年结果表明,乌兰布和沙漠的形成年代约在7 ka BP前后。此外,该沙漠腹地众多的干盐湖,大量含有蓝蚬的湖岸堤,以及丘间低地中的湖相地层和植物根系等的存在,证明了沙漠腹地大古湖的存在。乌兰布和沙漠的形成,可以归因于吉兰泰古湖面积的不断缩小和干涸,湖泊周围松散沉积物的风蚀、搬运及选择性堆积过程。 相似文献
2.
选择位于季风边缘区的吉兰泰盐湖为研究对象,利用OSL和14C测年手段重建湖面波动历史,探讨盐湖形成年代与环境变化过程。通过大范围的野外调查发现,在该湖泊南部地区发育高于现代干盐滩9 m的湖滨砂沉积,上覆风成砂沉积,其中湖滨沉积物的OSL年代为6.7 ka BP前后,表明当时该湖泊处于浅水状态,此后湖水经历了快速的下降过程。对于盐湖中心剖面点盐层之下粘土层的14C测年显示,在5 500 aBP以来,集聚大量的石膏、芒硝和石盐等蒸发盐类,该湖泊进入成盐期。通过区域对比发现,吉兰泰湖面快速下降阶段与季风边缘区中全新世干旱事件发生时间相对应。研究认为,吉兰泰盐类矿物的开始沉积,反映了中全新世阿拉善高原区域环境的突然变化,可能指示着5.5 Cal ka BP前后干旱事件的发生。 相似文献
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《干旱区地理》2016,(3)
通过对渭河上游的野外考察,选取天水东段渭河花南村剖面的全新世古洪水滞流沉积物作为研究对象。采集古洪水滞流沉积物典型样品,进行粒度、磁化率、碳酸钙含量和烧失量等理化性质分析,并通过全新世地层对比研究与OSL测年断代,判定为全新世后期特大洪水的典型悬移质沉积物,确定其记录了1 800~1 600 a BP的特大古洪水事件。采用"厚度-含沙量关系法"确定了古洪水洪峰水位,利用HEC-RAS模型推出古洪水滞流沉积物所指示的洪峰流量介于11 420~20 100 m~3·s~(-1)之间。同时采用相同的水文模型参数进行灵敏度测验,误差在-10.99%~8.79%之间。研究成果从根本上提高了渭河流域洪水频率计算的准确度,为该地区的水利工程建设、交通工程建设、水资源控制、防洪减灾等方面提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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天山北麓河流下游冲积平原与古尔班通古特沙漠交汇带，沉积环境独特，对全球气候变化响应敏感。囿于年代校正不确定性、代用指标的多解性以及地形地貌格局等因素的影响，该区域全新世时期沉积环境演变过程和气候演化模式研究，尚存在不同认识。重建该区域的中晚全新世环境演变历史及其对气候变化的响应过程，有助于加深对天山北麓冲积平原沉积环境演化时空特征的认识。本文选取天山北麓中部河流下游冲积平原四个典型冲积-湖积-风积地层剖面为研究材料，以光释光(OSL)测年确定地层绝对年代，综合沉积构造特征、沉积物粒度参数和石英砂表面微结构特征分析，探讨河流下游中晚全新世冲积-湖积平原沉积序列的演变过程和驱动因素。结果表明：(1)研究剖面主要由黏土、粉砂和极细砂含量较高的河湖相沉积构成，靠近北部沙漠边缘以极细砂、细砂为主的风成砂层明显增多，形成以冲积相、湖沼相和风沙相交替叠覆的沉积序列，其沉积相组合具有明显的时空变化特征；(2)沉积物石英颗粒表面常见冰川、流水、风力等多种外营力作用的痕迹，表明河流下游平原沉积物主要来源于山区冰川搬运、磨蚀的碎屑物质，并经流水和风力分选后成为古尔班通古特沙漠的重要物源；(3) 7.59～6... 相似文献
5.
光释光测年基本流程 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
光释光测年是对沉积物上一次曝光事件年代的测定.自20 世纪80 年代该方法提出以来,得到了越来越广泛的应用.相对于14C测年,光释光测年虽存在误差偏大的不足（一般5%~10%）,但是具有以下明显优势：① 其测年年限范围比前者大得多;② 测年物质（石英或长石）丰富,这在干旱半干旱区的沙漠和湖泊中尤其重要,因为在这些地区很难找到可用于14C测年的有机质;③ 是对沉积物的直接定年;④ 测年事件包括曝光、受热（400 ℃以上）、火山、地震和晶体（方解石等）形成等.本文介绍了光释光测年的整个实验过程,包括采样、前处理、等效剂量测定、年剂量测定等,以期让有需要的地学同行了解这一方法,尤其是了解从地层或岩芯等取样的过程中应注意的事项.重点介绍单片再生剂量法(SAR)与标准生长曲线法(SGC)相结合测定等效剂量的实验方法(我们命名为SAR-SGC法).该方法能大大提高仪器的使用效率,可节省仪器时间60%以上.通过氟硅酸溶蚀长石来提取石英的中颗粒(38~63 μm)的前处理过程简便易行,获得的石英纯度高,且可以避免使用危险的氢氟酸.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所释光测年实验室近几年应用SAR-SGC法对黄土、沙漠、湖泊、海洋、冰川、考古点等各种类型沉积物进行光释光测年,都获得了很好的结果. 相似文献
6.
关中盆地杨官寨遗址古洪水事件释光测年 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对泾河下游的野外考察, 在高陵县杨官寨仰韶文化遗址东南部发现夹有典型的古洪水滞流沉积层的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面。利用单片再生剂量法(SAR)测定了40～63μm粒径石英的光释光(OSL)年龄。从剖面获得的样品年龄数值处在2.27±0.06ka到14.26±0.58ka之间, 且与地层深度表现出良好的对应关系。通过样品OSL年龄与其埋深的关系, 结合粒度和磁化率数据地层对比, 以及文化层考古年龄, 确定了该全新世剖面的基本年代框架。研究结果表明, 在4.20～4.00ka泾河流域发生了第一期多次古洪水事件, 在3.20～2.80ka发生了第二期特大古洪水事件。这些古洪水事件与全球性气候突变事件同时发生, 是泾河流域气候水文系统对于全球变化的响应。 相似文献
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青海湖湖东沙地典型剖面的AMS14C测年数据表明该剖面记录了当地约10 ka BP的风沙活动及环境变化。对沉积物的粒度组成特征、粒度参数、粒度环境敏感指标等分析,并结合沉积物磁化率和青海湖盆地相关研究中风成砂、黄土和弱发育古土壤、古土壤的OSL、AMS14C年代数据等,进行全新世以来的风沙活动及气候环境变化讨论。结果表明：（1）粗颗粒敏感组分（138~156μm）可以用来指示风沙活动的强弱,细颗粒敏感组分（2~5 μm）可以用来指示成壤作用。（2）10~9ka青海湖盆地气候状况较全新世之前略有好转,暖湿程度增加,部分区域开始发育古土壤,但总体上古土壤、弱发育古土壤、黄土、风成砂共存;9~4.2 ka青海湖盆地水热组合条件较好,风沙活动弱,大部分沙丘固定成壤,但9~8 ka和4.2 ka左右风沙活动较为频繁的特征可能指示了8.2 ka和4ka冷事件;4.2 ka之后特别是2 ka之后风沙活动显著增强,气候朝干冷化发展。 相似文献
8.
通过对珠江口岛屿小型海湾如珠海淇澳岛和澳门黑沙滩一级阶地上的古沙坝/沙丘进行光释光（OSL）年代测定、粒度分析,结果表明,全新世潮间带砂体沉积的底部年代根据光释光测年结果和沉积速率推算,超过9 ka。海岸带形成的古沙坝或风成砂质沉积的光释光测年结果大部分老于新石器文化堆积的器物年代,表明全新世高海面期砂质滨海相沉积的形成先于新石器人类活动遗迹。潮间带砂质滨海相沉积的上覆地层常在6.5 ka左右快速转变为潮上带的风成沉积-人类活动混合堆积,导致文化层中沉积物粒度分选变差,参数波动较大。淇澳岛小沙澳湾9―4.3 ka的滨海相砂质沉积的顶部目前位于海拔＋4.8 m,这一高程可能与构造抬升运动有关。 相似文献
9.
汉江上游郧西段全新世古洪水事件研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
古洪水水文学是全球变化科学领域的前沿课题。通过对汉江上游的深入调查研究,在郧西段基岩峡谷发现全新世古洪水滞流沉积地层。通过沉积学观察研究,采样分析和与2010年汉江洪水滞流沉积物的粒度、磁化率特征对比,判定为典型的全新世洪水滞流沉积物(SWD)。通过全新世地层对比和光释光(OSL) 测年,确定其记录了全新世时期3200-2800 a BP的特大古洪水事件。在确定了古洪水洪峰水位和相关参数的基础上,采用比降法水文模型推算出该期洪水洪峰流量在48830~51710 m3/s 之间。同时在该断面观测了汉江上游1983 年、2005 年和2010 年洪水洪痕水位,采用相同水文参数和模型,恢复了其洪峰流量,与白河水文站实测流量比较,误差在1.99%~4.21%之间,说明我们对于古洪水水文参数选择与洪峰流量计算结果是合理的。从而将古洪水数据加入洪水频率序列中,建立了万年尺度洪水流量与频率关系。该研究成果为汉江上游水资源水能源开发利用和防洪减灾等,提供了重要的水文资料。 相似文献
10.
《云南地理环境研究》2015,(3)
通过对登封告成五渡河西岸龙山文化时期地层沉积物进行磁化率和粒度等指标综合分析,并结合该遗址的地层年代信息,分析该遗址沉积特征,探讨该地区全新世中晚期环境演化及其人类活动。研究结果表明:五渡河西岸第二级阶地面上沉积了厚约4 m的沉积物,说明该地区在全新世中晚期经历了3个明显的气候变化阶段:(1)240~300 cm龙山文化时期(4 100~3 900 a B.P.),平均磁化率为13.32×10-8SI,平均粒径均在27μm,属于温暖湿润期;(2)130~240 cm二里头时期(约3 900~3 600 a B.P.),平均磁化率为4.12×10-8SI,平均粒径约为55μm,属于寒冷干燥期;(3)60~130 cm二里岗文化(3 600~3 300 a B.P.),平均磁化率为18.4×10-8SI,为暖湿波动期。此外,分析也表明,四千年寒冷事件以后气候渐趋暖湿,气温和降水适于早期农业和手工业发展,为中原地区向文明门槛迈进创造了良好条件。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
14.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
16.
《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
17.
HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
18.
P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献