共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
国内外海岛经济研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海岛是一个特殊的地域单元,拥有其特有的发展模式和路径,近年来随着海洋国土地位的提升,国内外学者对于海岛的研究也随之增多。本文从分析海岛经济的涵义入手,对海岛经济进行了尝试性定义;在查阅大量文献的基础上,从海岛经济的发展、演化、转型,海岛经济的发展模式,海岛经济发展中的人地协调及其优化,以及海岛经济发展的资源环境效应等4个方面进行综述。总的来看,国内外学者在海岛经济研究上进行了积极的探索,注重海岛经济可持续发展以及海岛经济各相关产业的研究,尤其在岛屿旅游业发展方面成果最多。国内学者在对海岛渔业、旅游等产业开展研究的基础上,也在海岛经济整体发展,以及海岛经济演化、发展模式、空间分异等研究方向进行了积极的探索,但仍存在成果不够丰富、系统性不足的问题,特别是对海岛经济形成、演化机理的阐释,以及海岛经济各组成要素之间的相互作用关系等方面成果较少,且不够深入。针对存在的问题,本文对海岛经济研究的未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
2.
WILLIAM JAMES SMITH JR 《The Geographical journal》2008,174(3):251-268
Many least-wealthy, rural, remote and resource-poor small island communities are unlikely to benefit from high-profile global water improvement initiatives. Their small landmasses, geologic composition, geography, social and technological isolation, colonial history, and weak educational and financial resources constitute significant barriers to improving access to safe drinking water. This paper discusses the relatively unique position of such island societies in the international community, providing a case study of the Federated States of Micronesia that integrates data and information pertaining to water resources management and governance, spanning from the island village to national scale. A vision is offered regarding the interaction between small island human and biophysical water systems, manifesting ways to pursue water resource development to improve public health which are constructed to be economically, physically and culturally sustainable. 相似文献
3.
西沙群岛海岛旅游资源综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以旅游资源系统田野调查成果为基础,运用李悦铮等建立的海岛旅游资源综合评价体系,结合南海岛屿实际情况,对西沙群岛海岛旅游资源进行综合评价。在总目标层、评价综合层、评价项目层和评价因子层4个评价层次选取58项指标;采用李克特五级量表法对评价指标进行标准量化;用准主成分分析法为各指标赋予权重;并通过制定评分等级标准与确定评价指标权重以建立综合评价模型。结果显示,西沙群岛海岛旅游资源评价体系总目标层指标得分为3.088分,表明西沙群岛海岛旅游资源整体评价为中等。同时显示,西沙群岛海岛旅游资源之资源条件好、区域条件中等、区位特征条件差;其自然资源条件良好,热带海岛特征突出;其环境条件制约明显;西沙群岛旅游资源优势和劣势并存,且都很突出。 相似文献
4.
Patrick D. Nunn 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(1):21-39
The islands Ovalau and Moturiki in central Fiji are selected for the investigation of coastal change over the past c. 200 years. Although having coastal environments typical of many tropical Pacific Islands, Ovalau and Moturiki are also atypical because they experienced urban and infrastructural developments before most other parts. The associated records enable recent coastal changes to be discerned more clearly here than has been possible elsewhere. The islands are surrounded by coral reef, the configuration of which accounts for variations in vulnerability of their coasts to erosion. Interviews were conducted in each of 22 settlements along the islands' coasts and information obtained about recent coastal change. Mangroves are concentrated along leeward coasts, although they have been cleared from many windward coasts in the last 40 + years, causing shoreline erosion to be initiated/accelerated. Most shoreline-protection initiatives (vegetation planting and seawall construction) have failed. Three major management implications of the study are discussed. Firstly, there is a need to redefine the nature of the interactions between coastal inhabitants and coastal ecosystems, so that environments are sustainably developed; and specifically that reefs are conserved and shoreline vegetation (especially mangroves) is effectively replanted. Secondly, information about appropriate design and composition of artificial structures for shoreline protection needs to be made available to the local communities who construct most of them. Thirdly, alternative sources of sand and rock aggregate to those whose extraction aggravates shoreline erosion should be sought. 相似文献
5.
运用旅游空间相互作用理论,以旅游人数、旅游总收入为基础数据,利用旅游空间相互作用模型,测算辽宁省14市、长山群岛与辽宁省14市及长山诸岛3个层次的旅游空间相互作用强度、经济联系度及经济隶属度。得出结论：① 各层级间空间相互作用强度、经济联系度及经济隶属度与距离呈负相关,区域间的空间相互作用强度、经济联系度及经济隶属度随距离增大逐渐减小;② 城市间经济联系度越强,旅游空间相互作用越大,与海岛旅游空间相互作用就越频繁;③ 通过对长山群岛旅游断裂点测算,得出其主要潜在客源地为大连、沈阳、丹东市。 相似文献
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Finn Danielsen Christopher E. Filardi Knud A. Jønsson Victor Kohaia Niels Krabbe Jan B. Kristensen Robert G. Moyle Patrick Pikacha Michael K. Poulsen Mikael K. Sørensen Charles Tatahu Joseph Waihuru Jon Fjeldså 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):100-114
Anthropogenic habitat changes and the introduction of pigs, dogs, cats and rats have caused a catastrophic decline in the terrestrial biodiversity of Pacific archipelagos. At present, economic globalization and an increased demand for timber are promoting industrial logging and plantation expansion. Commercial logging can be sustainable but in practice it more often leads to land degradation, especially on small flat islands. On large and mountainous islands, however, more modest impacts can be expected as the narrowly endemic species tend to inhabit montane forests where logging is difficult. In this study we use ornithological data collected at different elevations to assess the extent to which the avifauna of Makira, a large mountainous island in Melanesia, will be affected by deforestation of the lowlands, most of which are under timber concessions. Our data suggest that a majority of the endemic bird species use lowland forest to some extent and that this may even apply to species hitherto associated with montane forest. If current commercial forestry programmes are continued, the forest habitat may be disturbed or lost over large parts of Makira, potentially undermining the natural resource base for the local subsistence economy, exacerbating climate change and threatening the integrity of one of the most important areas for biodiversity conservation on earth. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the habitat requirements of endemic species and the urgency of establishing and effectively managing community-based protected areas in suitable lowland forests of the Pacific. 相似文献
9.
The Perception and Impact of Natural Hazards on Fishing Communities of Kutubdia Island,Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Natural hazards lead to unexpected and often dire situations for people who have few resources and little control over the environment in which they live. Kutubdia, an island in the southeastern part of Bangladesh, experiences frequent natural hazards that impact the livelihoods of its people and put them in vulnerable situations. The research elaborated here is the result of 300 household surveys collected from persons in Kutubdia's fishing communities. The surveys investigated the perception and consequences of natural hazards on the fishing communities. The results indicated that the experience of natural hazards—cyclones, erosion, and flooding are examples—have increased over the years. Coastal erosion displaced seventy‐two (24 percent) fishers, forcing them to relocate their houses several times and imposing multiple challenges on their lives. Literacy was not associated with perceptions of environmental changes or changes in fishing. However, young fishers—less than forty years of age—perceived that environmental changes had affected fish catch more than their older colleagues. 相似文献
10.
琉球群岛相关称谓的地理意义与政治属性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
历史上承载琉球王国的琉球群岛是一个独立的地理单元。"琉球群岛"这一传统称谓具有特殊的政治属性。但是长期以来,中国对琉球群岛的地缘战略意义认识不足,学术界,特别是以区域研究为特色的地理学界,对有关琉球群岛基础研究积累部分缺失,导致中国对于琉球群岛相关称谓的认识模糊混乱。运用历史文献研究法、定性分析法等区域地理学传统的研究方法和虚拟地球空间定位与GIS技术,从琉球群岛相关称谓的历史演变分析入手,对"西南群岛"、"萨南群岛"、"冲绳群岛"等相关称谓的地理学意义及其政治属性进行了考证。研究发现,近代日本吞并琉球群岛后,采用偷梁换柱的办法在岛屿命名上"去琉球化",推广使用"西南群岛"、"萨南群岛"、"冲绳群岛"等相关称谓,企图消除"琉球群岛"的政治属性,肢解琉球群岛,抹煞琉球群岛传统历史,在琉球群岛法律地位认识的问题上制造混乱,诱导国际社会承认日本对琉球群岛的"主权"。正确认识琉球群岛地理单元的特殊性,坚持使用"琉球群岛"这一传统称谓,对于中国维护钓鱼岛主权和东海海洋权益以及今后涉及琉球问题的对外交涉具有十分重要战略意义。 相似文献
11.
Managing Ontong Java: Social institutions for production and governance of atoll resources in Solomon Islands 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Tim Bayliss-Smith Katherine V. Gough reas Egelund Christensen Søren Pilgaard Kristensen 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):55-69
This paper explores the changing nature of social institutions and organizations for resource management on Ontong Java and their central role in maintaining livelihoods. Using detailed field data for three time periods, 1970–72, 1986 and 2006–07, and drawing on earlier secondary data, a longitudinal analysis of changes in governance and livelihoods is undertaken. Increased exploitation of marine resources has widened the resource base and increased people's access to goods and services. Following the ban in 2005 on the bêche-de-mer trade, however, livelihoods have reverted to being more subsistence oriented. For almost two decades after 1978, a communal organization, the Area Council, succeeded in regulating exploitation of the atoll's marine resources to ensure sustainable use, but in the 1990s it collapsed. In addition there was a paralysis of institutions that had once settled land disputes. This failure of atoll governance is a greater threat to future 'sustainability' than the usual processes that are invoked for atolls and small islands generally. As the Solomon Islands state is also failing, we argue that local institutions and organizations have a vital role to play in managing access to resources and the future of livelihoods on Ontong Java atoll. 相似文献
12.
南海岛礁是南海海上合作和海洋治理的重要支点。南海岛礁的可持续发展是实现南海域内协同发展、合作治理的基石。为了多维度诊断南海岛礁可持续发展的现状,辅助岛礁科学规划,提升海洋治理能力,文章基于模糊层次分析法、熵权法与组合求权方法形成主-客观耦合求权的南海岛礁可持续发展评价方法,以永兴岛、赵述岛、南薰礁、美济礁、渚碧礁、永暑礁等南海岛礁为例,探究其可持续发展的潜力。结果表明,6个岛礁的可持续发展价值量排序为：永兴岛＞永暑礁＞美济礁＞渚碧礁＞赵述岛＞南薰礁。6个岛礁均具备可持续发展的潜力,但各个岛礁的发展状态差异很大,各维度的发展程度各不相同。综合评价结果和岛礁实地状况,分析南海岛礁发展的优势领域与薄弱环节,为南海岛礁规划了区域性中心、综合保障、特色产业、国防维权的发展方向。建议永兴岛和永暑礁发展为区域性现代化与智能化的绿色示范岛礁;美济礁发展海洋产业与后勤保障,完善海上交通设施建设,提供国际公共产品与服务;赵述岛与渚碧礁以渔业发展为中心,注重产业结构与布局规划,形成特色产业模式;南薰礁提升安全维护能力,完善岛礁建设,提升国防维权功能。 相似文献
13.
Using coarse-scale approaches, existing national assessments of vulnerability and adaptation highlight physical land instability as a major threat to atoll island nationhood. However, such evaluations are bereft of detailed, ground-truthed analyses of the physical impacts of climatic change on reef islands, treating islands as homogenous in both biophysical and social characteristics. The distinct geomorphic context of two proximate reef islands (Jeh and Jabat) in the Marshall Islands was examined through conventional land survey techniques. A template documenting the nuances in island topography was used to evaluate simple inundation scenarios, reflecting current and future sea-level changes under storm surge conditions. The variations in local scale community exposure to inundation were discernible. The study highlights the importance of treating coarse-scale assessments with caution and underscores the need for continued commitment to resolving variations in community experiences to environmental change. Notions of risk and exposure are complex and embedded in both the biophysical and social contexts of each island community. Despite a number of targeted urban vulnerability studies in the Pacific there remains a need for efforts to document localised differences in experience to better inform contemporary adaptation efforts. 相似文献
14.
Barbara Louise Endemao Walker 《The Professional geographer》2001,53(2):160-177
As processors and marketers of fish, women fishtraders in the Fanti town of Cape Coast, Ghana have become powerful financers and owners of canoes, nets, and other fishing equipment. Since the 1960s, when motors were first introduced to Ghana's artisanal canoe fleet, two interrelated processes have occurred in Cape Coast. First, Ghana's fisheries have become increasingly exploited and—in the case of some species—overfished. Second, the social relations of production in the artisanal sector have shifted from being socially embedded to being more market‐based and impersonal. I argue that two recent Women in Development (WID) projects in particular have contributed to the breakdown of fishtraders’ traditional economic networks and livelihood strategies: (a) loan schemes that target women's associations, and (b) the 1985 Intestate Succession Law, which reconfigured inheritance rights. These WID projects, based on western notions of gender and the household, have created disharmony and mistrust among Cape Coast's fishtraders rather than promoting their “development.” The breakdown of fishtraders’ labor and marketing organizations has resulted in increasingly desperate strategies to get fish, increased degradation of Ghana's marine environment, and uncertainty for the future of the coastal economy. 相似文献
15.
Marine resource conservation and prospects for environmental sustainability in Anuta, Solomon Islands 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Richard Feinberg 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):41-54
It has been argued that atolls have abundant, varied and dependable marine resources and that atoll-dwellers' exploitation of marine fauna has remained essentially constant since prehistoric times. According to that line of argument, modern technology, in and of itself, has had little effect on the relationship between human populations and the natural environment. A countervailing view contends that the market economy and reliance upon money have disrupted egalitarian socioeconomic systems and threatened the long-standing ecological balance. Here I consider questions of environmental sustainability and economic viability on Anuta, a Polynesian outlier in Solomon Islands. Anuta, a volcanic island, has more abundant terrestrial resources than do atolls, and all indications are that it has been a hierarchically-organized chiefdom for well over a dozen generations. Nonetheless, it is a small, seemingly vulnerable community. In reality, productivity of land and sea have remained stable at least since the 1970s, in part because of conscious, purposeful decisions intended to preserve the island's natural resources. Thus, Anutans can be described as conservationists in the technical sense used by some authors. Yet on Anuta, as elsewhere, a combination of population growth and market exchange has begun to place a strain on the environment and raises questions for their system's long-term viability. 相似文献
16.
Tamara Nair 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2014,35(3):397-411
The state of Kerala in India is known for its active civil society and the massive decentralization campaign launched in 1996. However marginalization of tribal communities hampers the state's decentralized environmental management strategies. The proposed construction of a dam along the Chalakkudy River will displace two colonies of the Kadar tribe in Chalakkudy and Athirapilly towns, destroy habitats of local wildlife and devastate unique riverine vegetation endemic to the region. This brings to light issues of social and environmental justice as well as a wider responsibility to protect and preserve unique flora and fauna. The state's decentralization strategies, as they relate to tribal communities, lack consideration of local power distribution and cultural conditioning. This raises questions about the state's role in social justice as well as biodiversity conservation. In 2010 and 2011, the author's interviews in Chalakkudy and Athirapilly towns reveal that tribal communities perceive that their place in society restricts their contribution regarding natural resource management and use. The paper suggests that unless the culture of planning and decision making in the state are changed, decentralized strategies will be ineffective, resulting in a predominately top‐down approach towards natural resource management, and will negate Kerala's goal of democratic decentralization. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionFujian province is one of the coastal provinces in Southeast China with superior location, abundant natural resources, vast mountain area, but less land to support a big population. Thanks to the location near Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and the situation connecting the relatively developed regions of the Yangtse delta and the Zhujiang delta, and owing to the exertion of advantageous geo-location and overseas blood relations, the export-oriented open economy developed very fa… 相似文献
18.
不同于海上交通线和海上战略通道,蓝色经济通道具有安全、政治、经济、地理、文化等多层面的含义,致力于可持续利用海洋资源,实现全人类的可持续发展,重点关注小岛屿发展中国家和沿岸最不发达国家,是一条海上大通道、海上合作平台,而不是具体的交通线、咽喉要道、海峡或海上交通线附近的战略岛屿。蓝色经济通道的海上大通道、海上合作平台内涵决定了其拥有理论基底。复合相互依赖理论、全球海洋治理理论、地理环境理论是其理论基底。安全维度是蓝色经济通道的最基本内涵。维护海上安全是发展蓝色经济的重要保障。 相似文献
19.
This paper broadly assesses some reasons why co‐management of inland fisheries by resource users and state agencies in Cambodia remains difficult to realize. Our survey of the resources, human capacity and associated de facto mechanisms for achieving community fisheries (CFi) objectives among fishing communities of Krakor District, located along Tonle Sap Lake, found these mobilizations at a crossroads in terms of empowered institutional and legal frameworks. Although the commune is a local administrative authority in the context of Cambodia's evolving decentralization and deconcentration (D&D) reform process, decision making and accountability in natural resource management have yet to be transferred to, or opened to participation from, local and subcommune level stakeholders and agencies. Furthermore, the institutional links between the commune council and CFi are ambiguous. This lack of linkages between central government, state agencies and CFi has left fisherfolk struggling to survive against more powerful competing interests. The preliminary findings presented here suggest that the achievement of sustainable CFi management in the Tonle Sap Lake remains problematic without local level decision making powers, sustained funding of CFi and related local government, and partnership between key shareholders in rural development programmes that recognize and encompass women's roles in natural resource management. 相似文献
20.
长山群岛区域发展的地理基础与差异因素研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
从海岛区域陆海面积比较、海岛生态系统组成特点、群岛区域基础设施共享可能性、群岛区域产业竞争力等四个方面具体分析了群岛区域差异的特殊地理基础。通过比较具体的分析了在群岛区域内部各海岛乡镇间存在的经济发展水平、人口分布、海洋水产业、海上交通运输及财政投资上的差异。认为,①技术进步是改善海岛区域发展环境的前提条件;②政策是形成海岛间差异的重要影响因素③自然资源要素对群岛区域的影响仍然十分明显;④区位条件对海岛的影响在加剧。研究结果对指导长山群岛区域发展有重要现实意义,同时也谋求把区域发展的理论应用到群岛这类特殊区域的研究上。 相似文献