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新疆城市化过程及机制分析 总被引：17，自引：19，他引：17
城市人则城市化研究的核心问题。在分析新疆城市化现状特征的基础上，围绕新疆城市发展的阶段和过程，采用多因素的灰色关联分析和比较分析等手段，对新疆1978－2000年间城市化发展过程进行分析和探讨，寻求并探索新疆城市化发展的特征、水平和演化机制。研究结果发现各因素与城市化的关联度不仅在横向上存在着指标间的差异，在纵向上显示出1990－2000间各指标与城市化的相关性明显高于1978－1989年间，部分指标与城市化关系发生了负向变化。表明近20多年来新疆城市化稳定发展，城市化系统条件（农村和城市的控制性次系统及整个社会经济文化）有一定的提高，体现了系统各因素与城市化发展的同向性以及区域发展的合理趋势，但整体薄弱的社会经济基础是新疆城市化落后的根本原因，产业结构升级转换仍将是新疆城市化的主要动力。 相似文献
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20世纪90年代中国县际经济差异的空间分析 总被引：194，自引：6，他引：194
首次将县域经济发展数据与图形数据结合分析，结果表明1990－1998年中国县域经济发展相对差异明显较小，但沿海地区与内陆地区的差异则出现扩大；经济增长较快的县域自一些增长中心向外扩延，逐步形成沿海岸带，京广线和长江沿岸三大经济增长轴；但沿海发达区内存在十分不发达县域，经济不发达县域主要位于西部地区，与环境较差的山区，寒区，旱区以脑省际边界地区有关；全国县域经济基础和增长可分为基础好增长较快型，基础差增长较快型，基础差缓慢增长型，基础好缓慢增长型。 相似文献
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山东省污染物排放与经济发展水平的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以经济发展与环境污染水平计量模型——环境库兹涅茨曲线为理论基础,选取1981年以来工业废水、SO2、烟尘、工业废弃固体等污染物有效排放量为环境指标,采用人均GDP作为经济发展水平指标,通过二次及三次方程拟合回归,建立最优模型,分析了山东省经济不断发展与污染物排放量变化之间的关系。结果表明：进行三次曲线回归模拟效果较好,四项环境指标与经济发展水平的环境库兹涅茨曲线均呈现出近似“N”形的特征,污染物排放随着人均GDP增长都已经渡过了峰值,呈现下降趋势,但是近几年来,下降趋势停止并产生波动;环境库兹涅茨曲线特征与山东省产业结构变化以及环境保护政策有显著关系。根据研究结果,提出加强污染治理投资、增强环境保护意识以及完善环境保护法律法规等建议,避免环境污染水平随经济增长再次呈现上升趋势。 相似文献
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中国区域经济时空动态不平衡发展分析 总被引：42，自引：7，他引：35
区域经济发展是受区域内外的多重因素影响的 ,对区域经济发展的空间不平衡动态规律的研究是国内外学者研究的重要课题。本文应用区域经济空间动态发展模型对中国 1978～ 1998年的区域经济生产率增长率进行分析 ,寻找影响其增长的区域内外因素及变动规律。考虑到中国的本土化特色 ,在模型中引入开放优惠政策和区位优势变量 ,回归结果得到显著提高。研究表明 ,在过去的 2 0年间中国区域经济发展与国外 (如欧盟 )的发展规律不完全相同 ,具有中国特色。尽管各地区间的经济发展存在差异 ,但总体上中国经济发展满足一定的模式。 相似文献
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运用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,对珠三角地区和长三角地区高等教育与区域经济协调发展进行对比分析。首先定性分析了二者之间协调发展的现状,然后采用14个评价指标通过相关分析和回归分析来探讨两个区域高等教育与区域经济的相互关系。结果发现：两区高等教育与区域经济的发展总体上呈现较强的相关关系,但通过回归分析发现珠三角地区高等教育与区域经济的关系,并未像长三角地区那样实现良性互动,协同效果也较差,其高等教育明显滞后于区域经济发展。 相似文献
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产业多样化、创新与经济韧性 ——基于后危机时期珠三角的实证 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2008年金融危机冲击对珠三角的外向型经济造成巨大冲击，城镇发展面临一系列工业经济放缓、产业人口流失和厂房住宅空置等问题。针对危机过后珠三角城市所表现出的经济韧性，文章重点研究了城市经济结构、产业创新与经济韧性的关系，通过对产业多样化、相关多样化、非相关多样化、创新与经济韧性进行测度，探讨了上述指标在时空上的分异特征，并运用回归分析方法分析了这种分异的影响因素。研究发现：1）产业结构多样化、创新对提升珠三角城市经济韧性有显著的促进作用，同时经济发展水平与经济韧性存在正向关系；2）珠三角经济韧性的时间变化和空间分布存在明显分异，受金融危机冲击影响经济韧性波动变化明显，而创新驱动战略的实施则有效提升区域创新水平；3）珠三角强大的国内市场有助于抵御经济危机冲击所带来的外部需求萎缩，在保持较高经济开放程度的同时具有较好的经济韧性；4）相关多样化与非相关多样化对珠三角经济韧性的影响是趋异的，非相关多样化能有效地分散并降低外部冲击的风险，而相关多样化则更容易导致危机向相关联部门的蔓延。 相似文献
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丁贤法 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(3):50-54
环境库兹涅茨曲线认为随着经济发展，环境质量先下降后改善，环境质量与收入之间表现为倒U形曲线，这意味着经济发展最终会解决环境问题。应用这一思想，根据1991～2000年文山县城区大气污染指数及1998～2002年盘龙河水污染物浓度与同期人均居民收入进行了回归分析，发现对多数污染物而言，表现为N形的高次曲线能很好的拟合两者之间的关系，据此提出一种简单但普遍的机理来解释EKC曲线，即经济发展对环境质量的正负反馈作用决定其在涨落中演变。 相似文献
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基于ARMA模型的沈阳经济区经济与环境协调发展研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选择自回归移动平均模型（ARMA）,对沈阳经济区2009~2015年经济、环境指标进行了短期预测,并选择耦合协调度模型模拟了该区经济与环境协调发展的耦合作用关系。预测结果表明,ARMA模型预测误差相对较小,预测效果良好。沈阳经济区经济类指标总体呈现不断增长的趋势;各环境类指标,原正向指标（指标越大越好）均有不同程度增长,原负向指标（指标越小越好）则有不同程度的下降。但是沈阳经济区的经济与环境耦合度自2010年开始呈现下降趋势,即仍然存在着经济发展与环境恶化之间的矛盾,说明经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾总是处于由缓和向尖锐的循环发展过程。 相似文献
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城市边缘区景观变化与人为影响的空间分异研究 总被引：38，自引：5，他引：38
利用1988、1993、1998年的遥感影像，应用最大似然法和概率松弛法对马山景观组分进行了测量，在此基础上，对分类结果进行比较求得研究区景观变化的转移短也阵，分析了人为改造活动与景观组分之间的对应关系和空间变化过程，马山区已经从1988年的传统农业景观转化为1998年的城郊混合景观，人口、经济、产业结构均发生了巨大变化，借助人为影响指数，利用网格采样和地统计学分析，研究了马山1988-1998年间景观的人为开发利用活动，揭示人为活动的空间变异强度分布及景观转变过程的社会驱动力。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
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K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献
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Chironomidae (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitudinal gradient 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The altitudinal distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the southern Canadian Cordillera was analyzed by means of head capsules preserved in surficial sediments of 30 lakes. Taxa characteristic of late-glacial deposits of southern, coastal British Columbia are extant at high elevations, particularly in the Rocky Mountains, and in large, deep, low-elevation lakes. Many chironomid taxa common at low elevations in the southern Canadian Cordillera were not found in alpine and upper subalpine lakes. These faunal differences are probably climatically related. The differences in fauna between high and low-elevation lakes parallel differences between arctic and temperate lakes. 相似文献
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MATT K. MATSUDA 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):230-243
ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography. 相似文献
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Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations. 相似文献
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Jean-Claude Plaziat 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(2):163-169
Potamids generally live in estuaries, lagoons, and along protected sea shores. However, their ability to colonize intracontinental lakes has been underestimated due to non- or misidentifications. Potamides conicus, the only present lacustrine Potamid currently found in North Africa, belongs to a lagoon-type (thalassoid) malacofauna, dominated by the Cardium Cerastoderma glaucum: this fauna occurs in association with Foraminifera (especially Ammonia beccarii) and Ostracoda (Cyprideis gr. Torosa). Potamids have been found 250 to 900 km from the nearest sea shore: passive dispersal (probably through birds) is the primary dispersal mechanism. Shell morphology and ornamentation can be used to characterize life environment (lacustrine versus marine) but not distance from sea shore. The presence of Potamid-Foraminifera fauna in the fossil record has been interpreted as providing evidence for a sea connection (e.g., gulfs, lagoons). However, more recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated that such assemblages span an ecological gradient from freshwater to hypersaline lacustrine environments. Thus, the occurrence of modern Potamids in lacustrine (in addition to maritime) environments has important implications for Quaternary and Tertiary paleogeographic investigations. Lacustrine Potamids have been recorded from the European Tertiary (France, Spain) and from the Sahara Holocene. More research is required for the better understanding of the distribution and ecology of Potamids in modern and fossil lakes of other continents.This publication is the fifth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr Evans is serving as Guest Editor. 相似文献