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1.
Origin and evolution of playas and blowouts in the semiarid zone of Tierra de Pinares (Duero Basin, Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mateo Gutirrez-Elorza Gloria Desir Francisco Gutirrez-Santolalla Cinta Marín 《Geomorphology》2005,72(1-4):177-192
A large number of blowouts and playas occur in the marginal sectors of the aeolian deposits located in the southern sector of the Duero Depression (Tierra de Pinares) in Spain. The blowouts are relict landforms that were developed on sand sheets by deflation during dry periods with lower vegetation cover and a deeper water table. The studied blowouts form complexes of NW–SE and NNW–SSE elongated hollows with accompanying dunes up to 4 km long in the leeward margins. Some hollows host lakes or swampy areas related to a shallow water table. The dunes formed by NE–ENE winds show steep windward slopes and gentle leeward slopes. The studied playas, with prevalent NNW–SSE orientations, result from the aeolian excavation of terrace deposits and the underlying marly bedrock. It is probable that the formation of these depressions in an initial stage was related to deflation processes affected preferentially NNW–SSE sandy channels perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. The precipitation of salts in the playas generates aggregates of clay particles (peloids) that are easily removed by the wind. Once the bottom reached the substratum, the deepening of the depressions progressed by the deflation of particles produced by weathering of the argillaceous bedrock. 相似文献
2.
Pradeep Srivastava Indra Bir Singh Shikha Sharma Uma Kant Shukla Ashok Kumar Singhvi 《Geomorphology》2003,54(3-4):279-292
Abandoned channel belts, ponds and point bar deposits of palaeochannels in the interfluve regions of the central Ganga Plain suggest changes in the morphohydrologic conditions during the Latest Pleistocene–Holocene. Stratigraphy of these ponds comprises channel sand at the base overlain by shell-bearing clayey silt. The contact of the two facies marks the phase when channels converted into standing water bodies. Point bar deposits of some palaeochannels are overlain by oxidised aeolian sand, indicating that the channel abandonment possibly occurred due to the desiccation and aridity in the region.Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronometry of the pond sediments suggests that the deposition of the basal channel sand started before 13 ka and continued up to 8 ka. The ponds formed around 8–6 ka when the channel activity ceased. Evidence from the point bar deposits also indicates that the fluvial activity in the region ended sometime during 7–5 ka. This was followed by aeolian aggradation. The present study thus suggests that the hydrologic conditions in the Gangetic plains, i.e. initiation of channels and their abandonment, formation of microgeomorphologic features such as ponds and their eventual siltation, were controlled largely by climatic changes (i.e. monsoon changes) supported by tectonic activity. For the past 2 ka, increasing human and related agricultural activity has substantially accentuated the natural siltation rate of ponds. 相似文献
3.
Coastal dunefields have developed on the west coast of Jutland in Denmark over the past 5000 years. The dunefields are situated in a temperate climate zone with frequent high energy wind events. Dunefield development was characterized by repeated periods of transgressive dune formation punctuated by periods of dune stabilization and soil formation. The chronology of dunefield evolution is based on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of peaty palaeosols (24 samples) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of aeolian sand deposits (19 samples). These dates indicate that the completeness of the stratigraphic record varies considerably, but that the timing of aeolian activity events was identical in the dunefields examined here. Initiation of aeolian activity occurred around 2200 BC, 800 BC, AD 100, AD 1050–1200, and between AD 1550 and 1650. Proxy-climate data from bogs in southwestern Sweden suggest that these periods of dunefield activity were initiated during wet/cool summers. Most likely these climatic situations were associated with a more frequent passage of cyclones across Denmark in the summer seasons (increased storminess) causing aeolian sand movement and dune formation. The continued removal of vegetation in Jutland between 4000 BC and AD 1850 allowed the aeolian sand, when first activated, to move more and more easily across the coastal plains; the final phase of aeolian sand movement between AD 1550–1650 and 1900 had catastrophic implications for many coastal inhabitants in the region. 相似文献
4.
青海湖湖东沙地典型剖面的AMS14C测年数据表明该剖面记录了当地约10 ka BP的风沙活动及环境变化。对沉积物的粒度组成特征、粒度参数、粒度环境敏感指标等分析,并结合沉积物磁化率和青海湖盆地相关研究中风成砂、黄土和弱发育古土壤、古土壤的OSL、AMS14C年代数据等,进行全新世以来的风沙活动及气候环境变化讨论。结果表明：（1）粗颗粒敏感组分（138~156μm）可以用来指示风沙活动的强弱,细颗粒敏感组分（2~5 μm）可以用来指示成壤作用。（2）10~9ka青海湖盆地气候状况较全新世之前略有好转,暖湿程度增加,部分区域开始发育古土壤,但总体上古土壤、弱发育古土壤、黄土、风成砂共存;9~4.2 ka青海湖盆地水热组合条件较好,风沙活动弱,大部分沙丘固定成壤,但9~8 ka和4.2 ka左右风沙活动较为频繁的特征可能指示了8.2 ka和4ka冷事件;4.2 ka之后特别是2 ka之后风沙活动显著增强,气候朝干冷化发展。 相似文献
5.
David R. Gaylord Franklin F. Foit Jr. Jeffrey K. Schatz Angela J. Coleman 《Journal of Arid Environments》2001,47(4):403
Sedimentary deposits from the Smith Canyon dune field, south-central Columbia Basin, Washington, U.S.A. document climatically-influenced Late Pleistocene and Holocene aeolian and fluvial deposition in a region impacted by glacial outburst floods and tephra falls. The depositional history is summarized by five environmentally distinctive and climatically sensitive sedimentary units (temporal limits estimated): Unit 1 (c. 15·5–8 ka), pedogenically altered glacial outburst flood and minor aeolian silt and clay; Unit 2 (c. 8–6·9 ka), fluvial and minor aeolian sand; Unit 3 (c. 6·9–6·8 ka), flood-induced fluvial sand with gravel-sized tephra clasts; Unit 4 (c. 6·8–3·9 ka), aeolian dune sand; Unit 5 (c. 3·9 ka to present), pedogenically altered, stabilized dune sand. Estimated age ranges are based on stratigraphic position, tephrochronology, and correlation with temporally constrained strata from elsewhere in the region. 相似文献
6.
基于释光测年的福建晋江海岸沙丘粒度记录的风沙活动 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用OSL测年技术对福建晋江海岸沙丘剖面(SHA) 进行加密采样测年和粒度分析,初步确定了研究区近1000a 以来海岸沙丘发育的主要时段,以OSL测年值为基础,在统一时间标尺上综合对比东亚季风变化序列和福建沿海地区台风登陆记录,探讨了控制研究区海岸沙丘发育的主要因素.研究表明：(1) SHA沙丘表现为典型的海岸风成砂特征,海岸沙丘沉积后受风力侵蚀和后期化学风化作用的影响,粒径变粗,分选性变差,各粒级组分和粒度参数特征发生较大变化;(2) 近1000a 以来晋江海岸带海岸沙丘发育可划分为3 个时期,分别为AD1050~1300、AD1470~1600、AD1720~1950,尤其是小冰期(LIA),海岸风沙活动强烈,海岸沙丘发育盛行;(3) 近千年来区域降水量、海平面和台风强度变化与研究区海岸沙丘发育之间的关系尚不明确,而冬季风强度对海岸沙丘发育的影响明显,即海岸风沙活动期主要对应冬季风较强时期,但近50 年来海岸风沙活动较弱除了主要受冬季风减弱影响外,主要与人类经济活动所造成的地表覆被条件发生变化有关. 相似文献
7.
位于青藏高原东北缘的共和盆地处于亚洲冬、夏季风和西风环流作用交替控制的干旱—半干旱区,盆地中分布着大面积的沙漠,是重建过去气候的重要载体。就前人对共和盆地25个风成剖面的102个光释光(OSL)年代结果进行分析,总结出晚更新世以来共和盆地的风沙活动在各个时期都有发生,黄土堆积主要是更新世末期到早全新世,古土壤主要是晚全新世发育的,但其测年工作缺乏高密度光释光测年检验。通过对共和盆地西南部的羊曲剖面进行系统的高密度光释光年代学研究发现,羊曲剖面主要是末次冰消期沉积的,9.6～7.1 ka风沙活动迅速减弱,7.1～2 ka存在明显的沉积间断,说明基于单个剖面进行环境演变重建需谨慎。结合盆地内已发表OSL年代结果,末次冰消期以来,风沙活动在共和盆地一直存在,其最强烈时期是14～10 ka左右,黄土主要是末次冰消期14～10 ka沉积的,古土壤发育主要集中在3～2 ka和6～4 ka,此外在9～8 ka也有发育。 相似文献
8.
有关塔克拉玛干沙漠演化的年代学数据尚少,本文在地貌认知较少的克里雅河下游沙漠深处的圆沙和喀拉墩一带16处剖面获取了18件河流沉积光释光（OSL）年龄。新测得的年龄数据分布于3.4—44.1 ka。全新世样品多分布于圆沙与喀拉墩干三角洲及其之间的地区,年龄集中在11 ka、8—9 ka、5—6.5 ka、4.6 ka与3.4—3.7 ka。深海氧同位素3阶段（MIS3）样品位置在克里雅河与和田河之间,分布在约38—47 ka前后。末次冰期冰盛期（LGM）末样品分布在通往圆沙古河道的西侧,年龄在14.5 ka前后。根据沉积物样品及年代学数据认为：克里雅河下游曾在MIS3阶段末、LGM末与全新世多次发生洪泛;数次的洪泛事件对克里雅河下游地貌发育产生重要影响;克里雅河下游干三角洲及现代河流西侧的流动沙丘主要形成于全新世,与前人“发育于汉唐以来”的观点不完全一致。克里雅河下游河流沉积发生时间与塔里木盆地周缘山脉冰进冰消有一定对应,暗示气候变化可能间接影响着塔克拉玛干沙漠沙丘的发育。 相似文献
9.
Three experimental plots, covering the transition from the upper beach to the dune, on the North Sea coast of France were monitored at various intervals over a period of 18–24 months via high resolution terrain surveys in order to determine inter-site sand budget variability, as well as patterns and processes involved in sand exchanges between the upper beach and dune. The wind regime consists of a fairly balanced mix of moderate (80% of winds are below 8 m/s) onshore, offshore and shore-parallel winds. Sustained dune accretion over several years depends on the periodic local onshore welding of shoreface tidal banks that have developed in the storm- and tide-dominated setting of the southern North Sea. The only site where this has occurred in the recent past is Calais, where bank welding has created a wide accreting upper beach sand flat. At this site, significant sand supply from the subtidal sand bank reservoir to the upper beach flat occurred only once over the 18-month survey following a major storm. The bulk of the sand deposited over this large flat is not directly integrated into the adjacent embryo dunes by onshore winds but is progressively reworked in situ into developing dunes or transported alongshore by the balanced wind regime, thus resulting in alongshore stretching of the embryo dune system. The Leffrinckoucke site near Belgium shows moderate beach–dune mobility and accretion, while the Wissant site exhibits significant upper beach bedform mobility controlled by strong longshore currents that result in large beach budget fluctuations with little net budget change, to the detriment of the adjacent dunes. Accretion at these two sites, which are representative of the rest of the North Sea coast of France, is presently constrained by the absence of a shore-attached sand bank supply reservoir, while upper beach–dune sand exchanges are further limited by the narrow wave-affected upper beach, the intertidal morphology of bars and troughs which segments the aeolian fetch, and the moderate wind energy conditions. The balanced wind regime limits net sand mobilisation in favour of either the beach or the dune, and may explain the relatively narrow longshore morphology of the dune ridges bounding this coast. 相似文献
10.
位于青藏高原东北缘的共和盆地处于亚洲冬、夏季风和西风环流作用交替控制的干旱-半干旱区,盆地中分布着大面积的沙漠,是重建过去气候的重要载体。前人对共和盆地25个风成剖面的102个OSL年代结果进行分析,得出晚更新世以来共和盆地的风沙活动在各个时期都有发生,黄土堆积主要是更新世末期到早全新世,古土壤主要是晚全新世发育的, 但其测年工作缺乏高密度光释光测年检验。通过对共和盆地西南部的羊曲剖面进行系统的高密度光释光年代学研究发现,羊曲剖面主要是末次冰消期沉积的,9.6-7.1 ka风沙活动迅速减弱,7.1-2 ka存在明显的沉积间断,说明基于单个剖面进行环境演变重建需谨慎。结合盆地内已发表OSL年代结果,末次冰消期以来,风沙活动在共和盆地一直存在,其最强烈时期是14-10 ka左右,黄土主要是末次冰消期14-10 ka沉积的,古土壤发育主要集中在3-2 ka和6-4 ka,此外在9-8 ka也有发育。 相似文献
11.
The beach–dune system of Alcudia Bay is located in the north of the island of Mallorca. The system includes both simple and compound parabolic dunes formed by N to NNE winds and is made up of two dune areas with different dynamics: 1) the northern area, where, despite the fact that the source of beach sediment is from the south, dunes are formed by northerly winds and develop a narrow and linear barrier which separates a marsh from the bay; and 2) the southern area, where complex parabolic dunes formed by north-northeasterly winds, prograde south-southwest landward extending several kilometers inland. The broad pattern of the dunefield size is limited to the southeast by a mountain range and to the west by the effects of a topographic corridor, oriented north–south, which channels the prevailing northerly wind, causing a southward dune progression and limiting the westward extension of the dunefield. 相似文献
12.
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for polymineral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai (LGT) section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. A ‘Double-SAR’ procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared (IR) and blue stimulations was used, and two sets of equivalent dose (De) determinations were produced and assumed to relate predominantly to feldspathic and quartz fine grain populations respectively. The OSL ages estimated from IRSL signals are smaller than those estimated from [post-IR] OSL signals due to the anomalous fading of feldspar IR signals, based on fading experiment. The young ages of the samples near ground surface may be originated from the post-depositional disturbance by the intensifying humanity’s cultivation since 3.0 ka BP in the Guanzhong Basin, south of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on OSL dating, as well as field observations and stratigraphic correlation, we determine the chronology of the LGT loess-paleosol sequence. In combination with climate proxy records, it is indicated that aeolian loess deposition and pedogenesis underwent polyphase changes during the Holocene, likely to have been driven by shifts in the East Asian monsoon. This suggests that aeolian loess deposition is episodic and highly variable, with contributions from non-aeolian processes such as alluvial deposition found in the area. 相似文献
13.
Bent Vad Odgaard 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(1):3-13
Sediment distribution was mapped by multiple corings in a small oligotrophic lake in northwestern Denmark. Sediment cores along a representative West-East transect were dated by 14C and correlated using pollen, mineral magnetics and general lithology. Estimates of whole-lake Holocene sediment accumulation were used to calculate sediment yield (terrestrial erosion). Results indicate that: 1) sediment yield was low 10000–5000 BP and increased strongly 5000–2500 BP and again 2500–1200 BP, 2) sediment focusing and waves and currents induced by strong winds were the major processes controlling sediment distribution throughout the Holocene; 3) the dominant wind direction of strong winds has been westerly throughout the Holocene; and 4) the lake was probably more productive in the last 5000 years than in the period from 10000 to 5000 BP. 相似文献
14.
The Late Glacial and Holocene geomorphology of the Manx uplands has received scant attention in previous researches. Solifluction deposits and terraces provide the earliest evidence for geomorphic activity after deglaciation. Fluvial incision into drift-choked valleys is correlated with the formation of the large mountain front alluvial fans that flank the Manx uplands. Formation of these alluvial fans is constrained to 15,000–10,500 cal. years BP by 14C dates on organic deposits beneath and above the alluvial fan gravels. Alluvial fan and river terraces along four valleys postdate this incision. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and 14C dating provide a tentative chronology for these landforms. The higher terraces are Late Glacial fluvial surfaces that were probably occupied by rivers into the Holocene. Incision during the Late Holocene led to the abandonment of the higher surfaces, producing a suite of younger river terraces and alluvial fan surfaces. Independent dating constrains this fluvial activity to post-Bronze Age (3500–2800 cal. years BP). Increased human activity and climatic change during the Late Holocene are possible causes for this increased geomorphic activity. 相似文献
15.
Min Kyung Lee Yong Il Lee Hyoun Soo Lim Jae Il Lee Jeong Heon Choi Ho Il Yoon 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,45(2):127-135
Both radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods were applied to test their suitability for establishing
a chronology of arid-zone lacustrine sediments using a 5.88-m-long core drilled from Lake Ulaan, southern Mongolia. Although
the radiocarbon and OSL ages agree in some samples, the radiocarbon ages are older than the corresponding OSL ages at the
550-cm depth horizon (late Pleistocene) and in the 100–300-cm interval (early to late Holocene). In the early to late Holocene,
radiocarbon ages are consistently older than OSL ages by 4,100–5,800 years, and in the late Pleistocene by 2,700–3,000 years.
Grain-size analysis of early to late Holocene sediments and one late Pleistocene sediment sample (550-cm depth) indicates
that eolian processes were the dominant sediment-transport mechanism. Also, two late Pleistocene sediments samples (from 400-
to 500-cm depths) are interpreted to have been deposited by both eolian and glaciofluvial processes. Accordingly, the radiocarbon
ages that were older than the corresponding OSL ages during the Holocene seem to have been a consequence of the influx of
14C-deficient carbon delivered from adjacent soils and Paleozoic carbonate rocks by the westerly winds, a process that is also
active today. In addition to the input of old reworked carbon by eolian processes, the late Pleistocene sediments were also
influenced by old carbon delivered by deglacial meltwater. The results of this study suggest that when eolian sediment transport
is suspected, especially in lakes of arid environments, the OSL dating method is superior to the radiocarbon dating method,
as it eliminates a common ‘old-carbon’ error problem. 相似文献
16.
青海湖地区的黄土是独立于湖相沉积的重要古气候记录。对青海南山夏拉水库和橡皮山黄土剖面进行了沉积学、地貌学和光释光年代学的研究,重建了全新世以来青海湖地区的环境变化。结果表明,1)青海南山地区至少在10.4 ka之前由河流沉积转换为风成堆积,指示气候转型期;2)10.4~5.0 ka间以黄土堆积为主,偶尔夹杂风成砂,指示气候整体比较温暖适宜,有个别的降温事件;3)3.4~1.0 ka古土壤发育为主,指示气温—降水组合较好,气候最适宜;4)0.6 ka以来发育现代土壤。研究数据基本与青藏高原东北缘的古气候/环境变化记录相一致,但在时间上存在一定的相位差,可能与海拔较高,区域对气候反应滞后有关。 相似文献
17.
Geomorphology of sand dunes in the Northeast Taklimakan Desert 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Three types of sand dunes exist in the Taklimakan Desert, namely compound/complex crescent dunes and crescent chains, compound dome dunes and compound/complex linear dunes. Besides these three compound/complex types, single simple dunes are also distributed throughout the sand sea. The compound/complex linear dunes are developed under acute bimodal wind regimes. Though the ratios of the resultant drift potential (RDP) and the drift potential (DP) are the same as that near the border and adjacent area of the sand sea, the compound/complex crescent and dome dunes are developed, respectively, because of divergence of the sand available, the stress of the sand-moving winds and the time scales of dune formation. The sand supply for the dunes is not from Lopo Nor in the east as previous studies suggested but mainly from local alluvial or lacustrine deposits. The grain size component does not correlate evidently to the morphology parameters of the sand dunes. Analyses of the DP and drift direction suggest that the northeast Taklimakan is an area of low wind energy and the resultant drift direction (RDD) coincides well with the distribution, morphology and scales of the dunes. 相似文献
18.
以毛乌素沙漠4个全新世风成砂-古土壤剖面为研究对象，对沉积物色度变化进行分析。结果表明：亮度主要受有机质影响，从而间接反映降水；红度与磁化率负相关，与平均粒径呈正向趋势，因此红度主要取决于风力对红色物质的输入，即反映风力大小。古土壤发育时期，亮度偏低，红度、黄度偏低；风成砂沉积时期，亮度较高，红度、黄度较高。据此将毛乌素沙漠全新世以来的气候演变划分为4个阶段：约10.0 ka BP以前，以风沙环境为主，干燥寒冷、风力较大；10.0-7.5 ka BP，总体环境较之前好转，风沙活动减弱，局部区域发育古土壤；7.5-3.0 ka BP，气候以暖湿为主，古土壤普遍发育，风沙活动较弱；约3.0 ka BP至今，气候趋于干冷，风沙活动强烈，但期间也存在暖湿波动。 相似文献
19.
呼伦贝尔沙地末次冰盛期晚期至全新世风成沙表面矿物特征及环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用扫描电镜与能谱分析,研究呼伦贝尔沙地末次冰盛期晚期以来全样风成沙的微区形态和粘土矿物成分。呼伦贝尔沙地的沙粒磨圆度较好,在扫描电镜观察下保存了水成沙粒的特征,意味着沙地物源曾经流水作用到达该区域。颗粒表面同时留有风力搬运的碟型坑等撞击痕迹,为干枯河床沙丘活化、风力搬运流动扩张的过程提供证据。末次冰盛期晚期风成沙颗粒大且表面光滑洁净,未见次生粘土矿物,反映出冰期地表无植被发育,区域沙漠活化、流动性加强。而全新世适宜期的褐色沙质土壤砂粒表面同时发育鳞片状自生粘土矿物和同沉积粘土颗粒及团块。能谱分析表明：全新世适宜期,风化自生粘土矿物有蒙脱石和伊利石,在相对温湿气候条件下,发育干旱碱性土壤,反映出冰后期植被发育、土壤化作用增强。 相似文献
20.
Vatche P. Tchakerian 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):347-369
Geomorphological and sedimentological analysis of aeolian deposits, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of quartz-grain surface characteristics, suggest six dune-building episodes during late Quaternary time in the southern Mojave Desert, California. The aeolian units accumulated largely in response to the lowering of water levels in lake basins and a consequent increase in fine sediment availability, and to stronger and more persistent winds, associated with rapidly changing environmental conditions. Peak dune deposition is believed to have taken place during the middle Holocene Altithermal between around 7.5 and 5 ka, a period characterized by greater aridity than the present. SEM analysis of the quartz surface textures indicates that mechanical and especially chemical weathering processes play a significant role in the post-depositional modification of aeolian sediments. Such evidence permits paleoenvironmental reconstruction during and since deposition, and a basis for the relative dating of aeolian sequences. Discriminant analysis using grain-size parameters, combined with principal components analysis of the SEM data from quartz-grain surfaces, is an effective analytical tool for distinguishing between spatially and temporally distributed aeolian deposits. [Key words: aeolian geomorphology, granulometry, quartz grain surface microfeatures, scanning electron microscopy, multivariate statistical analysis.] 相似文献