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1.
3种不同生境芦苇叶表皮微形态和叶绿体结构特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 以生长于中国西北腾格里沙漠边缘的3种芦苇,沙丘芦苇(沙芦)、戈壁盐湖芦苇(盐芦)和水生芦苇(水芦)为材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜的观测,对3种生境芦苇叶片上表皮表面形态结构、叶肉细胞以及叶绿体结构进行了研究。结果发现,3种芦苇在其长期适应各自生境的过程中,其叶片表面形态结构和叶肉细胞均发生了适应性改变。与水生芦苇相比较,两种陆生型在适应各自极端生境的过程中,通过气孔下陷、减少气孔密度、缩小气孔口径、并在表面形成高密度的绒毛状蜡质晶体结构等途径减少蒸腾,提高植物对各自干旱或盐渍生境的适应。盐芦比沙芦这种适应性特征更加明显, 并在表面形成有类似于盐腺的特殊结构。同时,沙芦和盐芦叶绿体主要以长梭状而非水芦的圆形或椭圆状形态存在,并且叶绿体中淀粉粒数量增多(特别是盐芦)。这些不同生境中发生的可塑性适应调整可能通过感受环境条件的变化而参与了芦苇对长期干旱或盐渍生境的适应。  相似文献   

2.
盐胁迫下红砂愈伤组织的抗氧化能力与耐盐性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过测定不同梯度盐胁迫下红砂愈伤组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,以及丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性,探讨了红砂抗氧化能力与耐盐性的关系。结果显示:随着盐胁迫浓度增加,红砂愈伤组织中MDA 含量比对照增加0.84%~51.03%,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别比对照提高9.83%~51.98%、26.4%~140.2%和44.74%~216.34%。表明红砂可以通过上调SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶的活性来响应盐胁迫,并以此降低盐胁迫诱导的膜脂过氧化程度,从而提高其耐盐性。  相似文献   

3.
采用温室盆栽法,研究镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)单一处理(0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1)对金昌Ni/Cu尾矿库先锋植物盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)幼苗Ni、Cu积累、膜脂过氧化程度与抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明:盐生草幼苗叶片及根部Ni、Cu含量随土壤中Ni、Cu含量的增加而增加,Ni、Cu含量以根部含量为高;叶片及根部丙二醛(MDA)含量随Ni、Cu处理浓度升高显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度加剧;Ni胁迫下盐生草叶片中仅抗坏血酸酶(APX)活性随Ni浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在对抗Ni胁迫引起的氧化胁迫方面发挥着主要作用,根部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、APX和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随Ni浓度增加呈上升趋势,在减轻Ni胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面起着重要作用;Cu胁迫下盐生草叶片SOD和APX活性较对照有所增强,在减弱Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着一定作用,根部上述5种抗氧化酶活性随Cu浓度增加总体呈增加趋势,在缓解Cu胁迫引起的氧化损伤方面发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨NO对碱胁迫下裸燕麦(Avena nuda)生理响应的调节作用,采用营养液培养,研究Ca~(2+)对外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)所诱导的NaHCO_3胁迫下裸燕麦品种"定莜6号"幼苗生长、活性氧代谢和渗透溶质积累的影响。结果表明:25μmol·L-1SNP或6.5mmol·L-1 CaCl_2能够缓解75mmol·L-1 NaHCO_3胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用,叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和质膜H+-ATP酶活性较单独NaHCO3胁迫处理明显增强,O·-2、H_2O_2、丙二醛含量显著下降,抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸含量和K+/Na+显著提高;添加SNP的同时增添Ca~(2+)通道抑制剂~La(3+)或Ca~(2+)螯合剂EGTA抑制了SNP的这些作用。Ca~(2+)在NO诱导的碱胁迫下裸燕麦活性氧清除能力和渗透溶质含量提高、维持离子平衡中起重要作用,NO的作用可能依赖于胞浆Ca~(2+)的浓度。  相似文献   

5.
对不同生境四合木种群特征、根际土壤理化性质进行了比较分析,对不同生育期四合木抗氧化系统的变化和生境间差异性进行了探讨。结果表明:①不同生境四合木种群密度、盖度、年龄结构存在显著差异,且低山、台地、丘陵种群所处生境有利于幼苗更新,其密度和盖度均显著大于高平原和倾斜平原种群\.②不同生境四合木根际土壤理化性质存在显著差异。对其进行聚类分析分为两类:低山、台地、丘陵为一类(A类);高平原、倾斜平原为一类(B类)\.方差分析表明,A类样地土壤营养元素(N、P、K)和微量元素(全Fe、Mn、Zn、B、Mo与有效量)、土壤有机质含量及土壤含水量都显著高于B类。③不同生境四合木体内MDA含量、抗氧化酶类SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD、GR活性和非酶抗氧化剂GSH、AsA含量均随5月(营养期)、6月(花期)、8月(果期)而不断升高,二者协同作用共同抵抗干旱胁迫诱导的氧化伤害。④不同生境四合木抗氧化系统存在差异性:A类样地受到的膜脂过氧化程度相对较低,其体内的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量较低;而B类样地四合木根际土壤干旱程度较高,土壤偏贫瘠,植物体通过提高一定幅度的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量以清除干旱导致的氧化伤害。  相似文献   

6.
薛焱  王迎春  王同智 《中国沙漠》2012,32(6):1669-1673
以长叶红砂(Reaumuria trigyna)幼苗为研究对象,测定了不同浓度NaCl溶液胁迫30 d的长叶红砂叶片抗氧化特征参数和自由基及膜脂过氧化指标含量,以探讨长叶红砂抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的适应机制。结果显示,高盐胁迫下长叶红砂叶片O-2的产生速率显著上升,丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率都在低盐浓度下降低,高盐浓度下随着盐浓度的增加而增加;长叶红砂叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随盐胁迫加剧而显著提高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性变化较小;随盐浓度的提高谷胱甘肽的基本含量显著提高,抗坏血酸盐的含量在降低。研究表明,长叶红砂叶片中SOD、POD和谷胱甘肽在防御盐胁迫引起的氧化性损害中起到了显著保护作用。  相似文献   

7.
试验了温室葡萄超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和果粒生长对地表覆盖的响应。结果表明:整个生育期内,砂土覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆+白地膜覆盖及秸秆+黑地膜覆盖都对0~40 cm土层土壤有显著的保水作用,其中秸秆+黑地膜保水性能最强(土壤含水量比无覆盖的提高14.53%,P<0.05),且各覆盖方式的保水能力随着土层的加深而增强。秸秆+白地膜覆盖下葡萄细胞的抗氧化酶活性最高。砂土覆盖极显著(P<0.01)提高果粒内Pro含量(约增加42.40%)。砂土覆盖后葡萄果粒粒径最大,秸秆+地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖下的果粒粒径均小于无覆盖的粒径。秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤水分含量,抑制果粒的增长。砂土覆盖可以作为温室葡萄适宜覆盖方式。  相似文献   

8.
黄河三角洲湿地是中国最具代表性的滨海湿地之一,也是中国第二大油田——胜利油田的产油区,石油污染已成为本区湿地生态系统退化的重要因子。在温室条件下模拟研究了该区滨海湿地土壤中2种不同浓度(0.5%、2.0%)石油污染对黄河三角洲地区典型物种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着石油浓度的增高,芦苇和盐地碱蓬株高的受抑制程度不断增强,随着时间的推移,石油污染对芦苇分蘖的抑制作用减弱,而对盐地碱蓬幼苗的分枝数抑制作用加大。随石油浓度的增加,盐地碱蓬幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量先升高后降低,丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活力先降低后升高,过氧化氢酶活力显著降低;芦苇幼苗则对石油污染表现出相对较强的耐受性。不同石油污染条件下芦苇幼苗叶片叶绿素含量表现出先下降后升高的变化趋势。从整体上来看,石油烃类污染对盐地碱蓬幼苗的抑制作用要高于芦苇幼苗,也说明在处理石油烃类污染物中芦苇比碱蓬更具有优势。  相似文献   

9.
以野生草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)为材料,通过人工室内模拟低温逆境胁迫,研究外源一氧化氮(NO)供体亚硝基铁氰化钠(硝普钠,SNP)对低温胁迫下野生早熟禾幼苗生长、渗透调节和抗氧化系统的影响,探讨外源NO提高早熟禾抗寒性的生理机制。结果表明,低温胁迫下:0~700 μmol·L-1浓度范围内,随SNP浓度的增大,两个供试材料的地上生物量和生长速度先增大后减小,相对膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸(F-Pro)含量先减小后增大,可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量先增加后减小,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先增强后减弱;高浓度NO产生伤害,低浓度NO则有保护作用;SNP浓度100 μmol·L-1时,膜脂过氧化水平最低,渗透调节物质积累最多,保护酶活性最强,对低温胁迫的缓解效果最佳。硬质早熟禾对低温胁迫下外源NO的缓解较草地早熟禾敏感。  相似文献   

10.
选取三江平原小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)沼泽湿地,研究了沼泽湿地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及土壤活性有机碳表征指标(土壤微生物量碳MBC,微生物量氮MBN、溶解有机碳DOC)在近表土层(0~30cm)的分布特征,及其内在相关性,探讨酶活性与土壤活性有机碳库的关系。结果表明:表层土壤的酶活性和活性有机碳表征指标含量最高,随着土壤深度增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及MBC、MBN、DOC均显著降低。经相关分析表明,土壤酶活性与土壤活性有机碳表征指标间呈极显著正相关关系,其中蔗糖酶与MBC、DOC相关系数最高,过氧化氢酶活性与MBN的相关系数最高。表明不同土壤酶对湿地土壤活性碳表征指标转化循环的贡献不同,土壤酶活性对土壤活性有机碳库有显著的影响,以蔗糖酶对活性有机碳库影响最为显著。  相似文献   

11.
Reeds are widely distributed in drought and high salt conditions of northwestern China.Leaf epidermal micromorphology,anatomy,chloroplast ultrastructure and physio-chemical characteristics due to long-term adaptation in the natural habitats of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) contrasted considerably among three different ecotypes:dune reed (DR),Gobi salt reed (GSR) and swamp reed (SR).The main objective of the present study is to determine the adapting characteristics of morphology,anatomy and physiological responses of thin roots in DR,GSR and SR.The results show that root length density was higher in SR and few root hairs were observed in DR.Cross-section anatomical features show that each ecotype has an endodermis and exodermis,while cortex thickness and proportion of root cortical aerenchyma and stele in root structure varied among the three ecotypes.The stele and xylem share a larger area in DR compared to GSR and SR.GSR has a large proportion of the cortex with radialized distribution of aerenchyma cells spacing,and the cortex has a peripheral,mechanically stiff ring in the exodermis.SEM and TEM microscope images show that GSR has a sclerenchyma ring with high lignification in the exodermis.The physio-chemical parameters show that GSR had a higher level of stress tolerance than DR.These findings indicate that developed water-absorbing tissues were largely distributed in the root structure of DR,and a main framework with supporting function spacing with aerenchyma was dominant in GSR in the long term adaptation to their natural habitats,respectively.  相似文献   

12.
呼伦贝尔草原区辉河下游芦苇资源研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张柏  孙伯达 《地理科学》1995,15(4):385-390
  相似文献   

13.
Reed is one of the most frequent and dominant species in wetlands all over the world, with common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) as the most widely distributed species. In many wetlands, P. australis plays a highly ambivalent role. On the one hand, in many wetlands it purifies wastewater, provides habitat for numerous species, and is a potentially valuable raw material, while on the other hand it is an invasive species which expands aggressively, prevents fishing, blocks ditches and waterways, and builds monospecies stands. This paper uses the eutrophic reed-swamp of Wuliangsuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia, northern China, as a case to present the multiple benefits of regular reed cutting. The reed area and aboveground biomass production are calculated based on field data. Combined with data about water and reed nutrient content, the impact of reed cutting on the lake nutrient budget (N and P) is investigated. Currently, at this lake around 100,000 tons of reed are harvested in winter annually, removing 16% and 8% of the total nitrogen and phosphorus influx, respectively. Harvesting all available winter reed could increase the nutrient removal rates to 48% and 24%, respectively. We also consider the effects of summer harvesting, in which reed biomass removal could overcompensate for the nutrient influx but could potentially reduce reed regrowth.  相似文献   

14.
白洋淀芦苇台地土壤理化因子及其酶活性特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2009年4月22日、6月23日、8月31日和10月31日,在白洋淀鸳鸯岛、北田庄和圈头村芦苇(Phragmites australis)台地3个垂直剖面(0~10cm、10~30cm和30~60cm)上采集了土壤样品,分析了不同季节的土壤理化因子和4种土壤酶活性的时空变化及其相互关系。结果表明,白洋淀芦苇台地土壤含水量随着土壤深度的增加而增加;土壤有机质含量随土壤深度的增加而减少,0~10cm表层土的有机质含量都在70g/kg以上;土壤的全氮和全磷含量随土壤深度的增加而减少,各采样地0~10cm表层土壤的全氮含量为2.04~3.41g/kg,全磷含量为0.71~1.14g/kg。3块采样地0~60cm土壤的蔗糖酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、脱氢酶活性和荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶活性分别为0.53~28.56mg/g、0.44~2.36mg/g、1.62~12.18mg/g和8.07~172.65μg/g,表层土壤具有较大酶活性。芦苇台地4种土壤酶活性与土壤含水量呈显著负相关(p<0.01),与土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量呈显著正相关(p<0.01)。  相似文献   

15.
Global solar radiation(GSR) is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model(DEM) data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors(e.g. slope, aspect, etc.). Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of spatial pattern on the nutrient reduction is investigated based on the spatial simulation model developed for the study area of the Liaohe Delta, China. Four scenarios are designed to test the effect of different landscape components on the nutrient reduction in the reed marsh: Canal density, reed area size, reed area shrinking pattern, and pumping station position. Based on a spatial model designed for the study area, the nutrient reduction in each case of these scenarios is simulated. The results indicate that each factor brings less than 10% change in the total nutrient reduction rate. More canals will not help much to improve nutrient reduction. Smaller areas are more efficient than larger ones. The shrinkage pattern is better than others in keeping a higher nutrient reduction rate. It is also more efficient to keep the pumping station near the border of the area to be irrigated. These conclusions provide theoretical supports to strategy makers for local land use planning, and contribute to the understanding of the relationship between landscape patterns and functions.  相似文献   

17.
Landscape pattern analysis has been a major topic in landscape ecology[1-4]. Many quantitative methods have also been designed to describe the pattern, in order to get an overall idea of how the landscape is structured, and what is the effect of different patterns on large scale ecological processes[5-11]. So far this kind of research has mainly focused on habitat analysis, or site selection of wild animals, in the scope of nature conservation[12-13]. But few pattern analyses have been made on…  相似文献   

18.
差分主成分分析法在辽河三角洲景观变化中的应用   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
差分主成分分析法是应用遥感数据检测景观变化的一种新方法。为了提高检测精度,我们利用TM卫星遥感数据,改进了主成分分析法和图像差值法,提出了差分主成分分析法。并以辽河三角洲地区为例,对该方法进行了验证。研究结果表明:(1) 与传统的检测法-分类后比较法相比,差分主成分分析法具有较高的检测精度,总检测精度为0.89,Kappa指数为0.82;(2) 在1984~2000年的16年间,辽河三角洲地区有近22%的景观发生了变化,主要包括芦苇湿地的减少、水稻田的增加以及城镇用地的增加。  相似文献   

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