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1.
天山木扎尔特河流域的冰川地貌与冰期   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木扎尔特河流域位于天山最大现代冰川作用中心托木尔峰的东南坡,在第四纪冰期与问冰期气候旋回中,河谷与山麓带留下了4套形态清晰的冰川沉积.冰碛地形包含着丰富的古环境变化信息,对它们进行研究有助于认识该流域的冰川演化与重建该地区的古环境.应用ESR测年技术.选用石英颗粒中对光照与研磨较敏感的Ge心作为测年信号,对该流域的第三套破城子多列终碛垅及其冰水沉积,第四套克孜布拉克冰碛剥蚀平原上覆河流相砾石沉积以及一出露完整的沉积剖面进行测年.结合地貌地层学原理以及其他古环境研究资料进行综合分析可得出:河谷中第一套3-4列终碛垅形成于小冰期;第二套高大的吐盖别里齐终碛垅为新冰期冰进产物;破城子终碛垅沉积于MIS2-4;克孜布拉克冰碛形成于MIS6.破城子终碛垅地形及测年结果表明末次冰期冰川作用过程中该处至少存在3次大的冰进,可分别对应于MIS4、MIS3b与MIS2.MIS2与MIS3b时冰川为复合山谷冰川.MIS4与MIS6时为山麓冰川.末次冰期冰川作用过程中,古木扎尔特冰川长约92-99 km.克孜布拉克冰期最盛时的古木扎尔特冰川长约120 km.  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原东部当子沟末次冰期冰川演化光释光测年   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
青藏高原东部横断山脉沙鲁里山北支雀儿山北麓的当子沟,保留了4组末次冰期冰碛垄,每组冰碛垄由若干道小冰碛垄组成,是末次冰期多次冰川波动的理想地貌证据.为恢复该地末次冰期冰川演化历史,从这4组冰碛垄中采集了7个光释光测年样品进行年代测定.等效剂量采用单片再生法(SAR)和标准生长曲线法(SGC)进行测试.年代结果显示:第1~3组冰碛垄形成于22.4-16.5 ka BP,属深海氧同位素2阶段(MIS-2),大致与全球末次盛冰期(LGM)相当.第4组冰碛垄形成于MIS-3.MIS-3冰川规模大于MIS-2.第1~3组9道次一级小冰碛垄表明,约在22.4-16.5 ka BP期间当子沟冰川经历了9次小波动.冰川在稍早于22.4 ka BP达到MIS-2的最大范围,此后规模在波动中逐渐萎缩,可能是冰川对MIS-2后期太阳辐射增强、气温回升的响应.最里侧冰碛垄形成于16.5 kaBP,可能标志着该地冰消期的开始.此后,当子沟冰川大幅快速退缩.冰川融水在最里侧冰碛垄里侧低洼谷地汇集并被阻塞形成当子错.  相似文献   

3.
天山阿特奥依纳克河流域冰川沉积序列   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阿特奥依纳克河位于我国天山的最西段,最大现代冰川作用中心托木尔峰的南麓。在第四纪冰期与间冰期的气候旋回中,该处留下了形态较为完整的6套冰川沉积。应用ESR测年技术(辅以OSL测年技术)对冰碛物及其相应的冰水沉积物进行了定年,测得6套冰碛年龄分别为7.3±0.8kaBP(OSL,冰水沙);12.3±1.2kaBP(OSL)与15 ̄29kaBP;46 ̄54kaBP;56 ̄65kaBP;155.8±15.6kaBP与234.8±23.5kaBP;453.0±45.3kaBP,测年结果表明它们分别形成于新冰期、海洋同位素阶段(MIS)2、3b、4、6、12。第三套冰碛测年结果表明该处MIS3b冰进规模较大,其规模基本上与末次盛冰期(MIS2)的规模相当。此处最老冰碛测年结果与我国中段天山乌鲁木齐河源高望峰冰碛的测年结果(459.7±46kaBP与477.1kaBP)遥相呼应,老冰碛的年龄显示我国天山西段与中段至少于MIS12进入了冰冻圈,开始发育冰川。  相似文献   

4.
螺髻山地处青藏高原东南缘,是确切存在第四纪古冰川遗迹的典型山地之一,该区冰川地貌演化对于研究环境变化具有重要的科学意义.螺髻山东坡清水沟保存两套古冰川槽谷,分别为上槽谷和下槽谷,其中下槽谷保存完整,而上槽谷在3450~3600m的阴坡部分出现缺失.采用野外地貌调查与模型分析相结合的方法,对冰川槽谷地貌进行分析,结果表明:清水沟槽谷的抛物线模型中,|A|值在1.3101~15.2064之间变动,B值变化于0.9695~3.2965之间,且随着海拔由高到低,都存在着先变小后变大的规律,A、B值同时反映出在海拔3450~3600m处冰川槽谷的演化不符合常态.分析认为岩性差异和河流溯源侵蚀是影响上槽谷形态的主要原因.对保存在清水沟上下槽谷内的高、低侧碛进行ESR年代测定,结果显示:高侧碛形成于58-84 ka BP左右的末次冰期早期,对应深海氧同位素4阶段(MIS4);低侧碛形成于13-17 ka BP,属于于全球末次冰盛期晚期的产物.两次冰川作用分别塑造出两套冰川槽谷,即在末次冰期早期冰川作用形成上槽谷,末次冰期晚期形成下槽谷.  相似文献   

5.
鄱阳湖湖滨地区广泛分布着晚第四纪风沙沉积序列。在星子县沙岭沙山进行野外调查后选择蓼花剖面开展工作,测试了地质时代和粒度,对粒度结果使用端元分析模型进行研究,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期的气候变化规律。结果显示:该剖面由湖相-古土壤-沙丘砂等沉积相叠覆堆积组成,形成于末次冰期中晚期(48.8—17.1 ka)。端元分析模型将粒度数据分解出3个不同的粒度端元,不同端元组分在垂向上呈峰谷交替的旋回变化,EM1代表粉砂端元组分,峰值对应湖相和古土壤发育时期;EM2和EM3代表中砂—粗砂端元组分,峰值对应沙丘砂发育期,这些峰谷交替变化的规律指示了末次冰期的季风演变以及气候波动变化,万年尺度上表现为LH10 (48.8—39.9 ka)和LH3~LH5 (28.1—17.1 ka)的冬季风强盛期,分别对应深海氧同位素的MIS3b和MIS2阶段。LH6~LH9 (39.9—28.1 ka)为温暖的夏季风时期,对应深海氧同位素的MIS3a阶段。这些变化与YZ洞石笋氧同位素以及格陵兰冰心有良好的对应,与全球气候变化基本一致。  相似文献   

6.
中国第四纪冰川作用与深海氧同位素阶段的对比和厘定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着冰期(阶)与间冰期(阶)旋回的不断细化,第四纪冰期系列与深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)对比之间所反映的问题开始逐步显现。通过中国第四纪冰期与MIS阶段对比,结合分析气候旋回与构造运动对地貌演化的控制作用,研究表明:①冰期(阶)或者间冰期(阶)发生的时段应尽可能对应于MIS的偶数或奇数阶段,有助于MIS框架下新的冰期(阶)的发现;②中更新世以来,中国第四纪冰期—间冰期旋回可能受控于100 ka轨道偏心率变化的气候大背景,昆仑冰期—倒数第二次冰期的冰川规模总体上与全球冰量变化一致。然而,末次冰期早、中期的冰川规模却与MIS所记录的全球冰量变化不尽一致,强烈显示气候与构造环境对冰川作用的影响;③目前在中国第四纪冰期划分方案中,存在着冰期系列由时间和地点双重命名的现象,建议用大理冰期、古乡冰期分别代替末次冰期和倒数第二次冰期。  相似文献   

7.
萨拉乌苏河流域微量元素揭示的气候变化   总被引:1,自引:10,他引:1  
 根据毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面中更新世晚期以来风成砂与河湖相互为叠覆的沉积记录,利用SPSS软件对P、V、Cr等16种微量元素及Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba比值进行了聚类和相关分析。结果表明:除Sr、Ba、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba之外的P、V、Cr等14中微量元素反映的气候变化规律较好,其含量的峰值段对应河湖相沉积,而谷值段对应风成砂沉积。根据微量元素含量变化特征及其与地层的对应关系,将萨拉乌苏河流域中更新世晚期以来的气候变化划分为5个阶段:223~196 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,相当于黄土高原S2古土壤发育期;196~148 ka BP,气候干冷,相当于黄土高原L2黄土发育期,属倒数第二次冰期;148~75 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,对应末次间冰期;75~10 ka BP,气候干冷,对应末次冰期;10 ka BP以来,气候以温湿为主。各个阶段还有气候冷暖干湿波动变化。通过与深海氧同位素阶段,冰芯记录变化对比,发现本区气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

8.
分析理塘与稻城之间库昭-桑堆处的冰蚀面以及兔儿山北侧宽谷中的羊背石的宇生核素^10Be.研究结果表明,库昭-桑堆处的冰蚀面暴露于133.4ka B.P.,即倒数第二次冰期大约结束于133ka B.P..这一时间与深海氧同位素第6期相吻合。兔儿山北侧的冰川作用大约结束于18.5ka B.P.,即末次冰期大约结束于18.5ka B.P.,这一时间与深海氧同位素第二期相吻合。由同一地区的两个样品X8、X9得出相同的测年年代,并从样品X6得出的测年年代与野外观测的结论相一致来看,运用字生核素^10Be对冰蚀面的形成年代进行测年是一个行之有效的测年技术,并且还可运用于火山熔岩、断层、侵蚀阶地等其它地貌面的测年,该测年技术具有很大的运用潜力。  相似文献   

9.
根据第四纪地层内孢粉组合和动物群等新资料恢复了我国东部各大区域第四纪各个时期的自然环境特征,其温暖期与干冷期的交替与深海沉积O~(18)温度变化趋势大致对应。庐山三次“冰期冰碛层”内孢粉组合表明均为温暖湿润针阔叶混交林景观,而不是寒冷的冰川环境。  相似文献   

10.
青藏高原大湖期   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
青藏高原湖盆中古湖岸线分布广泛,从最高湖岸线的分布确定的大湖期湖泊面积,一般比现代湖泊面积大数倍至十多倍.据高原不同地区的十多个湖泊沉积测年数据分析,大湖期的年代大致相近,在40~25ka BP居多,有的可能延续至20ka BP,与深海氧同位素3阶段、末次冰期间冰段相当.该时期高原环境特别湿润.大湖期的形成与该时期亚洲夏季风特别强盛有关.  相似文献   

11.
The Kanas River originates on the southern slope of Youyi Peak, the largest center of modern glaciers in Altai Mountains, China. Three sets of moraines and associated glacial sediments are well preserved near the Kanas Lake outlet, recording a complex history and landscape evolution during the Last Glacial. Dating the moraines allows the temporal and spatial glacier shift and climate during the Last Glacial to be determined, and then constrains when and how the Kanas Lake basin was formed. Dating of the glacial tills was undertaken by utilizing the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method. Results date four samples from the three sets of moraines to 28.0, 34.4, 38.1, and 49.9 ka and one sample from outwash sediment to 6.8 ka. The Kanas Lake basin is a downfaulted basin and was eroded by glacier before 28.0 ka, and the glacial moraines blocked the glacier-melt water after the glacier retreat, which made the present-day Kanas Lake eventually form at least before 6.8 ka BP. In Altai Mountains, the glacier advance was more extensive in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 than MIS 2, probably because the mid-latitude westerlies shifted northward and/or intensified during the MIS 3, resulting in a more positive glacier mass balance. Nevertheless, the Siberian High dominated the Altai Mountains in MIS 2, resulting in a relative decrease in precipitation.  相似文献   

12.
三峡库区长江阶地冲积物的年代测定   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
三峡库区的长江阶地是研究川江、峡江水系演变的重要证据。发育冲积物的阶地主要出现在库区西半部的川东和重庆的中低山、丘陵区,最多有6级。阶地研究中遇到的主要问题是难以确定阶地的形成时代。我们采用TL法和ESR法测量了三峡库区6个地点阶地的堆积年龄。测量数据显示,ESR法基本不适合测定三峡库区冲积物的年龄:尽管TL法本身存在缺陷,但测得的T1~T4的堆积年龄得到其他独立的测年结果的支持。阶地T1~T4的TL年龄依次为7~17ka、28~46ka、62~81ka和103~105ka。此外,根据年代地层对比的方法以及前人的古地磁测量结果,推测三峡库区第四级阶地的年龄大于101ka.第五级阶地的年龄大于392ka,而第六级阶地的年龄小于780ka。从而初步建立了三峡库区阶地堆积的时间序列。  相似文献   

13.
Fabric and grain-size analysis of eight deposits present in the Upper Sil River Basin palaeoglacial system of northwest Spain were used to interpret till types and to reconstruct the glacial paleoprocess history of this region. They are represented by lodgement, deformation, and melt-out tills. The first, representative of glacial advance stages, present cluster fabrics and are generally composed of poorly sorted and finer sediments. Melt-out and deformation tills, representative of stages of glacial stability followed by fast recession, present transitional to girdle fabrics and are composed of poorly sorted coarser sediments. In any case, multiple criteria, including lithological, clast-shape, or structural data, support these directional and grain-size observations. These sequences, most of them located in the snout area of the Sil palaeoglacier, are important in the reconstruction of glacial dynamics due to poor preservation of landforms related to the maximum glacial advance. This palaeoglacial system was formed by multiple tributaries and had an extension of over 450 km2, with the Sil paleoglacier being 51 km long during its maximum glacial advance.  相似文献   

14.
Susquehanna River terraces are used to establish time lines along a 150 km reach of the river, from the Lower Piedmont to the edge of the Appalachian Plateau. This is achieved by generating soil chronosequences at two locations — Marietta, PA, in the Lower Piedmont, and Muncy, PA, near the glacial border on the boundary between the Valley and Ridge province and the Appalachian Plateau. These sites preserve the most complete record of fluvial incision on the Susquehanna River with flights of seven Quaternary terraces ranging in elevation from 3 m to 51 m above the modern river.Soil characteristics used to develop the soil chronosequences include complexity of horizonization, thickness of B horizon, clay content of B horizon, soil color, CBD extractable Fe, Al, and Mn, total extractable Fe, and clay mineralogy. Terrace age constraints are based on soil development, correlation to regional glacial stratigraphy, correlation to dated fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits, and by paleomagnetic analysis of sediments. Terrace ages at the Muncy site range from modern (< 150 ybp) to Middle Middle through Early Middle Pleistocene (∼ 300 ka to ∼ 770 ka). Marietta has terrace ages ranging from modern (< 150 ybp) to Early Pleistocene through Late Pliocene (∼ 770 ka to ∼ 2400 ka).  相似文献   

15.
The Aragón Valley glacier (Central Western Pyrenees) has been studied since the late nineteenth century and has become one of the best areas in the Pyrenees to study the occurrence of Pleistocene glaciations and the relationships between moraines and fluvial terraces. New morphological studies and absolute ages for moraines and fluvial terraces in the Aragón Valley allow a correlation with other Pyrenean glaciers and provide solid chronologies about the asynchroneity between global last glacial maximum (LGM) and the maximum ice extent (MIE). Six frontal arcs and three lateral morainic ridges were identified in the Villanúa basin terminal glacial complex. The main moraines (M1 and M2) correspond to two glacial stages (oxygen isotopic stages MIS 6 and MIS 4), dated at 171 ± 22 ka and 68 ± 7 ka, respectively. From a topographical point of view, moraine M1 appears to be linked to the 60 m fluvioglacial terrace, dated in a tributary of the Aragón River at 263 ± 21 ka. The difference in age between M1 moraine and the 60 m fluvioglacial terrace suggests that the latter belongs to an earlier glacial stage (MIS 8). Moraine M2 was clearly linked to the fluvioglacial 20 m terrace. Other minor internal moraines were related to the 7–8 m terrace. The dates obtained for the last glacial cycle (20–18 ka) are similar to other chronologies for Mediterranean mountains, and confirm the occurrence of an early MIE in the Central Pyrenees that does not coincide with the global LGM.  相似文献   

16.
At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the cli-mate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173?75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80?100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the tem-perature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0?1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene (11500 a BP?), temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace (11,400?8600 a BP), which is one of the most important archaeo-logical sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be as-sumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cul-tivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.  相似文献   

17.
At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173-75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80-100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the temperature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene (11500 a BP-), temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace (11,400-8600 a BP), which is one of the most important archaeological sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be assumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cultivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.  相似文献   

18.
川西高原杂谷脑河阶地的形成   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
根据野外实地地貌调查,确定了川西高原杂谷脑河理县段发育了8级阶地。并对阶地沉积物进行了ESR年代测试,初步确定杂粹脑河第Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Ⅳ.Ⅵ级阶地约形成于距今54,125,248,481ka。阶地成因分析表明这些主要阶地序列主要是构造隆升的结果,因此,杂谷脑河各级主要阶地分别代表了川西高原中更新世以来的几次隆升事件。根据阶地高程和阶地形成年代确定的杂谷脑河下蚀速率为0.39m/ka.与大地测量获得的龙门山隆升速率(0.3-0.4m/ka)相一致。  相似文献   

19.
对贵州清水江上游马寨、翁东、三江、施洞沿江4个剖面的阶地特征、年代学结果进行了综合分析。发现以凯里断层为界,上游地区的马寨和翁东2个剖面的T2阶地形成时代约为51~57 ka B.P.,T1阶地的形成时代约为25 ka B.P.,下游地区的三江和施洞2个剖面的T2阶地形成时代约为122~102 ka B.P.,T1阶地的形成时代约为78 ka B.P.。选取各剖面的T2阶地的基座高度来计算了河流下切速率,发现上游地区2个剖面(马寨、翁东)的河流下切速率较接近,约为0.41~0.34 m/ka,明显高于下游地区的2个剖面(三江、施洞)的0.16~0.20 m/ka,表现为上游下切速率高,越往下游方向下切速率逐渐降低。这表明自晚更新世以来,清水江上游区域受到构造作用的影响而发生差异抬升,具体表现为西部构造抬升幅度大,阶地下切速率快;东部构造抬升幅度小,阶地下切速率慢。  相似文献   

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