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1.
三工河流域下游绿洲土壤微量元素有效含量空间变异特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
土壤微量元素空间分布特征是反映特定地区环境状况的一个重要因素。基于GIS技术,通过地统计学方法研究了天山北坡三工河流域冲积平原型绿洲土壤表层微量元素B、Mn、Zn、Fe及Cu等有效含量的空间变异特征。结果表明：①土壤微量元素B、Mn、Zn、Fe和Cu具有强烈的空间自相关性,自相关范围在520～3 970 m内变化,其中Zn和Fe的自相关性尺度相对较大,而B的自相关性尺度最小。②土壤微量元素均具有各向异性,其中在0°方向上变异最大。整体来看,研究区土壤有效B、Fe和Cu具有较强的各向异性,而有效Mn和Zn各向异性相对较弱。③采用Kriging和IDW两种插值方法分析研究区土壤微量元素的空间格局,结果表明,土壤微量元素呈现出明显的片状和斑块状分布特点。研究区中西部有效B含量较高,有效Mn、Zn、Fe和Cu含量均较低。 相似文献
2.
吉林省德惠市土壤特性空间变异特征与格局 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
基于区变量理论,通过地统计学的半变异函数定量研究吉林省中部德惠市土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷的空间异质性特征。表明土壤有机质的理论模型属于球状模型、全氮和速效钾的理论模型为指数模型、速效磷则属于有基台值的线状模型。空间结构上,有机质具有很强的空间相关性,全氮和速效钾的空间相关性属于中等程度,而速效磷则具有弱相关性。四种土壤养分的空间自相关范围具有明显的差异,有机质和全氮的有效变程最大,速效钾次之,速效磷的有效变程最小。受研究区形状、地形及土壤母质区域性差异的影响,速效磷各向同性显著,其他养分各向带状性比较明显。根据空间分异的分析结果,在GIS支持下,采用Kriging和IDW两种插值方法,分析研究区土壤养分的空间格局,表明土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾均自东北向西南有规律地分布;速效磷分布的随机性较强,较前三者结构性特征不明显。 相似文献
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克拉玛依干旱生态农业区土壤质地的空间异质性研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
土壤具有高度的空间异质性,而地统计学方法已经被证明是研究土壤空间分布的最有力工具,质地作为一项重要的土壤物理特征,研究其在空间上的异质性在农业中具有重要意义。应用地统计学方法,对克拉玛依干旱生态农业区0～30 cm、30～60 cm、60～100 cm土层进行了土壤质地的半方差函数分析,结果表明:在整个研究区范围内,不同粒径土壤颗粒组成特点类似,均以粉粒平均含量最高,通体土壤颗粒的变异性都很强,尤以砂粒最为突出。研究区内除底层粉粒外,变异半方差模型都为球状模型,各土层土壤颗粒都表现出较强的空间结构性,空间相关距在6～9 km左右。基于半方差模型,用普通克里格法对研究区0～30 cm土层不同粒径土壤颗粒进行插值,表明土壤颗粒的分布情况和研究区地质地貌的分布特点相吻合。 相似文献
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小流域自然土壤与耕作土壤养分比较及影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河北省易县观坐岭小流域自然土壤和耕作土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾及微量元素有效含量的测定分析,得出了该小流域自然土壤和耕作土壤的肥力状况.结果表明:自然土壤中有机质和速效氮含量处于较高水平;速效钾含量丰富,速效磷比较缺乏;有效Fe、Mn含量处于高水平,有效Cu、Zn含量中等.自然土壤开垦为耕作土壤后,有机质和速效氮含量下降;由于施肥原因,速效磷含量明显增高;速效钾含量因母质影响有所下降.海拔与土壤养分变化的相关性小明显,不同坡位土壤养分表现出向下汇集的趋势.并从自然环境、人为影响、地形母质等方面分析土壤养分变化的影响因素. 相似文献
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夏尔希里地区土壤重金属特征及空间变异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱区地理》2016,(5)
以夏尔西里地区为研究区,对土壤中As、Zn、Hg、Pb等4种重金属的含量特征和空间分异特征进行研究,并采用单因子污染指数法、内罗梅综合污染指数法、克里格插值法对研究区土壤重金属污染状况和分布特征进行了分析,结果表明:研究区4种重金属含量为:ZnAsPbHg,Hg属于强变异性,其它3种重金属和有机质均属于中等变异强度;相关性分析结果显示:Zn和Pb呈现显著的正相关,As与Hg、Pb均表现出显著的负相关,有机质和Pb、As、Zn、Hg呈现出弱相关性;重金属含量空间分异特征整体表现为绿洲区荒漠区山地区;重金属污染评价结果为:Pb和Zn污染指数介于1~2之间,属于轻污染,Hg和As污染指数介于2~3之间,属于中度污染。 相似文献
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河北省遵化平原土壤养分的时空变异特征——变异函数与Kriging插值分析 总被引：60，自引：2，他引：58
运用地统计学 ,结合 GIS研究了 2 0年前后河北省遵化县 (市 )土壤表层 ( 0～ 2 0 cm)速效钾、速效磷和有机质 3种养分的时空变异规律。配对样本的 t检验以及 kriging插值的结果表明 ,1 999年土壤速效钾、速效磷和有机质的含量比 1 980年有一定提高。 3种养分的空间分布特征也不同程度地发生了变化。有机质的空间分布特征变化较大 ,其块金值 ( Nugget)与基台值( Sill)之比从 1 980年的 60 %下降到 1 999年的 32 .3% ,变程也由 4.8km变为 2 .7km。速效钾和速效磷的块金值与基台值之比也有一定变化 ,但变程没有太大改变。人类的施肥、耕作措施的改变及土地利用变化是引起土壤养分变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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宁夏盐池沙地3种植物群落土壤表层养分的空间异质性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用经典统计学和地统计学方法,通过半变异函数及其模型、克里格局部插值估计、空间分布图及分形维数等对宁夏盐池沙地3种植物群落(牛枝子、牛枝子-黑沙蒿、黑沙蒿)土壤表层养分的空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明:0~5 cm土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷含量的空间自相关尺度分别是67 m、519 m、143 m;结构方差比分别为0.558、0.882、0.514,说明结构性因素和随机性因素在0~5 cm土壤有机质和速效磷的空间分布中共同发挥作用。全氮表现出较强空间自相关性,在空间分布上具有明显的结构特征,表明结构性因素在其空间总变异中发挥主导作用。空间格局图反映出0~5 cm土壤有机质、全氮含量表现为牛枝子群落较高,经牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落,含量逐渐减少,至黑沙蒿群落含量又有所增加;0~5 cm土壤速效磷含量表现为牛枝子群落和黑沙蒿群落含量较高而牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落含量较低的趋势。反映出研究区从牛枝子群落经牛枝子-黑沙蒿群落至黑沙蒿群落,植被从以草原种为主的群落,逐渐灌木化,植物群落结构组成由复杂到简单的过程,深刻影响了土壤养分的分布格局,导致了土壤“肥力岛”的形成和发展,又反作用引起研究区植物群落的进一步灌丛化,并逐步向沙漠化的方向发展的趋势。 相似文献
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新生滨海湿地土壤微量营养元素空间分异特征 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区核心区新生湿地内,根据植被分布状况,由黄河岸边至海滩方向布设了两条平行样带,研究土壤微量营养元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B分布的空间分异特征.结果表明,黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地表层0～30 cm土壤中B、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn的平均含量分别为50.94 mg/kg、439.87 mg/kg,22.25 g/kg、27.48mg/kg和46.39 mg/kg.从黄河岸边至近海光滩区,土壤中5种微量营养元素含量总体上呈逐渐增加趋势,在剖面上表现为波动变化规律.不同植被群落土壤中,5种微量营养元素含量之间及其与总有机碳含量、总氮含量、总硫含量和土壤含盐量之间存在显著正相关关系.新生滨海湿地土壤中总有机碳含量、总氮含量和总硫含量是影响土壤微量营养元素含量的关键因素. 相似文献
9.
实施合理的养分综合管理是提高橡胶树生产力的重要手段。养分精准管理的前提是详细了解橡胶园土壤属性空间分布特征。本文应用地统计学方法对海南典型丘陵区橡胶园土壤的全氮、有机质、速效磷和速效钾进行空间变异分析,结果表明在该尺度上橡胶园土壤养分属性均属于中等变异程度,但速效磷和速效钾的变异程度明显大于全氮和有机质。从土壤养分属性的空间分布特征来看,除了速效钾外,高程和修筑等高梯田明显影响橡胶园土壤性质的空间异质性。为了获得更好的取样精度,应沿着高程落差和垂直等高梯田方向上布置较多取样样点。应用克里格方法指导土壤属性的取样效率比传统统计学方法提高约2～5倍。 相似文献
10.
《亚热带资源与环境学报》2015,(4)
基于地统计方法分析了省域范围表层土壤(0~20 cm)砷元素的空间变异性。结果表明:研究区土壤砷含量平均值为6.95 mg·kg~(-1),变异系数141.0%,为强变异性。土壤砷最优理论半变异函数拟合模型为指数模型,其块金效应值83.77%,变量空间相关性较弱。通过各向异性分析表明地质背景、地形可能影响着土壤砷的空间分布。克里格插值图直观地反映出研究区内土壤砷的空间变异特征,调查分析得出,母质母岩、土壤类型、地形等自然因素影响着研究区土壤砷的分布,同时,人类的矿山开采和农业生产活动等对土壤砷的分布也具有重要的影响。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
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HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
19.
K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献