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运用数字技术和人工智能提高公共服务和社会治理水平，走出一条中国特色的超大型城市管理的新路子，是上海智慧城市建设的一项重要任务。作为世界领先的智慧城市建设实践者，伦敦在凸显以人和企业为核心、充分利用城市数据提高公共服务水平、建设数字技术和人工智能高地、融合数字基础设施与城市基础设施等方面进行了积极的探索，并取得了卓有成效的进展。本文从上述四个方面考察伦敦的具体做法，总结其成功经验，并结合上海的现状，提出了以数据为核心推动智慧城市建设的建议。 相似文献
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数字城市集成建设的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
该文论述了数字城市集成建设的必要性，通过分析数字城市的应用特点，结合城市信息化的现状和趋势，分别就数字城市的网络、应用、数据的集成进行了探讨并提出了相应的集成方案：分析数字城市应用对网络传输的需求，指出网络集成应考虑的原则，依据此原则提出了网络集成的实现方案；将数字城市应用划分为客户端和服务器端，对客户端的用户群进行细化，并针对不同用户分别提出用户端应用方案，对服务器端开发数字城市集成应用平台，实现数字城市的应用集成；分析城市数据的现状，讨论了数据集成应注意的问题。 相似文献
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加快建设事业信息化与数字城市建设 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
赖明 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(4):4-6
信息技术的发展将对传统建设事业的发展起到巨大的推动作用。建设事业信息化是国民经济和社会信息化的重要组成部分。该文从建设事业电子政务建设、建设事业行业信息化工作、建设事业企业信息化工作三方面对建设事业信息化进行论述。指出建设事业信息化工作是数字城市建设的基础，将有效推动我国数字城市建设，有利于改善我国城市投资环境，促进参与国际性城市的建设步伐。 相似文献
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数字城市实现的技术体系研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
数字城市是数字地球实现的一个重要节点，该文分析了数字城市的产生背景，提出了数字城市的研究体系－数字城市的基础研究，数字城市的实现技术以及数字城市的工程研究，最后论述了数字城市实现的关键性技术。 相似文献
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在新时代下,以建设智慧城市和数字城市为代表的新型城市的重点方向。地形图测绘在城市建设中的作用越来越大,可以为城市建设提供更多的参考依据和指导。作为城镇化发展的更高阶段,数字城市是城市信息化建设的集成体现,也是城市建设从分散到整合,从独立到集成的重要过程。所有这些工作都离不开测绘技术的支持。本文主要探讨了测绘技术在数字城市建设的应用,分析了其中的问题和发展前景。 相似文献
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数字城市若干理论问题探讨 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22
该文从城市与区域信息化,数字城市工程建设的角度,结合数字城市工程实践,综合城市建设领域,3S领域,测绘科学领域,计算机科学领域专家学者对数字城市的研究成果,对数字城市的基本概念,数字城市的理论框架,数字城市的工程框架等理论问题,进行了初步的研究,提出了数字城市的基本理论框架。 相似文献
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我国自1980年代初以来就开始重视山地城市问题的研究。随着国家推进社会信息化建设工作的深入和数字城市建设热潮的兴起，我国山地城市与其他城市间的数字鸿沟问题在近年来呈现出一种明显的扩大化趋势，山地城市的数字化研究与建设工作相对于平原地区城市而言严重滞后。为了合理利用城市资源，促进山地城市的发展，缩小与平原城市之间的差距，有必要对山地城市的数字化研究与建设工作引起重视。山地城市数字化研究与建设的重点应该强调以资源高效整合利用为核心，突出山地城市特色，突出山地自然地理条件影响下的空间资源利用的复杂性，重视前瞻性的山地城市基础设施建设和新技术背景下全新的城市问题研究等方面。有针对性地采取因地制宜的集中发展重点项目等措施，及时开展山地城市的数字化相关问题的综合研究。 相似文献
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GML在数字城市中的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章在论述GML(地理标记语言)及其特点的基础上,通过对国内数字城市建设现状的认真分析,探讨GML技术对实现数字城市中空间数据共享和互操作的作用,指出了实施GML技术在数字城市建设中的重要作用。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
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K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献
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Chironomidae (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitudinal gradient 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The altitudinal distribution of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the southern Canadian Cordillera was analyzed by means of head capsules preserved in surficial sediments of 30 lakes. Taxa characteristic of late-glacial deposits of southern, coastal British Columbia are extant at high elevations, particularly in the Rocky Mountains, and in large, deep, low-elevation lakes. Many chironomid taxa common at low elevations in the southern Canadian Cordillera were not found in alpine and upper subalpine lakes. These faunal differences are probably climatically related. The differences in fauna between high and low-elevation lakes parallel differences between arctic and temperate lakes. 相似文献
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MATT K. MATSUDA 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):230-243
ABSTRACT. Narratives concerning Pacific Ocean territories are often historically derived from European and American mainland visions of great, empty oceans dotted with deserted and uninhabited islands. However, research by indigenous and outlander scholars, along with struggles for political and cultural autonomy in the Pacific, has brought attention to vital island communities and 6has raised questions about a Pacific‐island way of understanding the world. This understanding is traced through scholarly and artistic engagements with history, island‐community studies, and navigational philosophies and is framed by a growing theoretical literature on epistemologies of place from the disciplines of geography and oceanography. 相似文献
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Precipitation is an important component of global water and energy transport and a major aspect of climate change. Due to the scarcity of meteorological observations, the precipitation climate over Tibet has been insufficiently documented. In this study, the distribution of precipitation during the rainy season over Tibet from 1980 to 2013 is described on monthly to annual time scales with meteorological observations. Furthermore, four precipitation products are compared to observations over Tibet. These datasets include products derived from the Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data(APHRO), the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC), the University of Delaware(UDel), and the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). The error, relative error, standard deviation, root-mean-square error, correlations and trends between these products for the same period are analyzed with in situ precipitation during the rainy season from May to September. The results indicate that these datasets can broadly capture the temporal and spatial precipitation distribution over Tibet. The precipitation gradually increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial precipitation in GPCC and CMA are similar and positively correlated to observations. Areas with the largest deviations are located in southwestern Tibet along the Himalayas. The APHRO product underestimates, while the UDel, GPCC, and CMA datasets overestimates precipitation on the basis of monthly and inter-annual variation. The biases in GPCC and CMA are smaller than those in APHRO and UDel with a mean relative error lower than 10% during the same periods. The linear trend of precipitation indicates that the increase in precipitation has accelerated extensively during the last 30 years in most regions of Tibet. The CMA generally achieves the best performance of these four precipitation products. Data uncertainty in Tibet might be caused by the low density of stations, complex topography between the grid points and stations, and the interpolation methods, which can also produce an obvious difference between the gridded data and observations. 相似文献
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Jean-Claude Plaziat 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1993,8(2):163-169
Potamids generally live in estuaries, lagoons, and along protected sea shores. However, their ability to colonize intracontinental lakes has been underestimated due to non- or misidentifications. Potamides conicus, the only present lacustrine Potamid currently found in North Africa, belongs to a lagoon-type (thalassoid) malacofauna, dominated by the Cardium Cerastoderma glaucum: this fauna occurs in association with Foraminifera (especially Ammonia beccarii) and Ostracoda (Cyprideis gr. Torosa). Potamids have been found 250 to 900 km from the nearest sea shore: passive dispersal (probably through birds) is the primary dispersal mechanism. Shell morphology and ornamentation can be used to characterize life environment (lacustrine versus marine) but not distance from sea shore. The presence of Potamid-Foraminifera fauna in the fossil record has been interpreted as providing evidence for a sea connection (e.g., gulfs, lagoons). However, more recent paleoecological studies have demonstrated that such assemblages span an ecological gradient from freshwater to hypersaline lacustrine environments. Thus, the occurrence of modern Potamids in lacustrine (in addition to maritime) environments has important implications for Quaternary and Tertiary paleogeographic investigations. Lacustrine Potamids have been recorded from the European Tertiary (France, Spain) and from the Sahara Holocene. More research is required for the better understanding of the distribution and ecology of Potamids in modern and fossil lakes of other continents.This publication is the fifth of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr Evans is serving as Guest Editor. 相似文献