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1.
知识流动与产业空间集聚现象分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
文章从创新的扩散、知识外溢、知识共享和企业网络等方面对企业的创新和空间集群的相互关系进行分析。知识外溢、技术连接和技术扩散等创新活动促进了企业的空间集聚；而企业地域集中加速技术扩散，有利于区域创新网络的形成和加速区域内各企业员工的非正式交流，从而使创新活动更容易发生。企业空间集聚和创新之间存在着相互促进的自增强关系。企业集群的方向必然激发创新，只有具有创新能力的空间集群才真正具有生命力，才能形成真正的区域创新系统，才能提高区域产业竞争力，促进地区的经济发展。 相似文献
2.
京津冀协同创新水平评价及提升对策研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
协同创新是京津冀协同发展的核心议题之一,本文从缩小京津冀三地间创新水平差距和推动跨地区、跨主体的创新协作两个视角构建了协同创新指数,对京津冀协同创新水平进行测度评价。测度结果为：2010-2014年期间,京津冀整体的创新能力有了明显提升,但不同地区间、不同主体间的协同创新水平仍然较低。从综合创新水平来看,北京在创新的投入、产出和环境方面都遥遥领先,天津在创新投入和产业创新产出方面进步很快,河北在产业创新产出方面也有较快增长,但创新环境进步缓慢。从主体间协同创新水平来看,企业的主体地位较低,高校和研究机构的知识创新产出丰富但产业化程度较低。从区域间的协同创新水平来看,北京技术转移在全国范围内呈现“跳跃式”扩散特征,但对津冀主要产业的创新带动贡献不大。最后,提出了促进创新要素特别是人才要素的流动、构建官产学研多元主体协同创新模式、加强创新链与产业链对接等政策建议。 相似文献
3.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):25-33
Regional innovation systems (RIS) have made a considerable contribution on the one hand to a scientific understanding of how innovation occurs and on the other hand as a political tool for stimulation of regional development. The aim of the article is to illuminate this theoretical approach by discussing the role of regional innovation systems in promoting innovation in the dairy (meieri) industry in Norway, and further, by discussing regional consequences of the development of regional innovation systems. The main conclusion is that it is hard to find regional innovation systems within the dairy industry in Norway; the mainstream milk sector is nationally oriented. Within farm processing and a few ‘countercurrent’ dairy firms, however, a stronger relation to regional networks emerges. Development of regional innovation systems is a kind of endogenous development that presupposes there are local and regional resources available, which often is not the case. Hence, a one-sided commitment to regional innovation systems will result in regional disparities in economic growth. Varied strategies for innovation and for regional development can compensate for these disparities. 相似文献
4.
区域差异测度方法与评价 总被引：69，自引：16，他引：69
在分析了变异系数、基尼系数、综合熵指数、塞尔指数和艾克森指数等不同区域差异测度方法在构造上的差异之后,通过计算不同测度方法所描述的19802002年间我国农村人均纯收入差距的变动轨迹,发现它们对较长时段不平衡性变动的描述是比较一致的,但对较短时段存在差别;对不同测度指数的进一步分解,从理论和实际应用两方面探讨了不同测度方法的适用范围及其在区域差异分析中的优势和局限。 相似文献
5.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):144-154
The construction of regional advantage has recently been emphasized by scholars as a new way of increasing firms’ competitiveness in a globalizing and learning economy. This article compares the construction of regional advantage and the development paths of specific industries in two different types of non-metropolitan regions, La Pocatière in Canada and Tromsø in Norway. The authors observe a higher level of industrial dynamism in La Pocatière than in Tromsø. They find four explanations for this variation: (1) a narrower regional innovation system (RIS) in Tromsø; (2) the fact that the target industry in Tromsø (marine biotechnology) is, in general, more difficult to develop outside metropolitan regions than the diverse mechanical engineering industry found in La Pocatière; (3) a biased focus on the development of research-based knowledge and academic spin-offs in Tromsø compared with a more varied set of strategies used in La Pocatière; and (4) La Pocatière's location in proximity to the Quebec metropolitan region. 相似文献
6.
Philip Cooke 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2016,70(3):190-201
ABSTRACTThe study objective is to assess why official statistics give the impression that Norway has low levels of innovation compared to other Nordic countries. The author examines innovation practices in Denmark and Norway to demonstrate that this is not the case. The results reveal that official statistics are misleading and that Norway has a high level of innovation but spends relatively less on scientific research. A further finding is that in Finland and Sweden innovation is heavily based on science and technology, whereas Denmark and Norway are clearly more pragmatic and base their innovation more on a ‘doing, using, and interacting’ (DUI) post-science, technology, and innovation (STI) approach. Additionally, in Denmark systems are led by small and medium-sized enterprises, whereas in Norway they are led by large enterprises. The author discusses the explanations for such differences in national and regional ‘innovation systems’ among countries that appear to outsiders to have a lot in common. He concludes that, by contrast, the ‘insiders’ are aware that they are quite distinctive societies that are evolving notably divergent developmental pathways. A key and probably controversial conclusion is that in the contemporary post-specialisation and post-cluster era the DUI systems have advantages over the STI-led ones. 相似文献
7.
中国城市群技术知识单中心与多中心探究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
城市空间组织的多中心、网络化特征受到区域经济研究关注。但由于发展阶段、空间尺度、研究视角的差异,城市区域多中心格局有待商榷,知识经济时代解读知识流作用下的城市空间组织应成为经济地理学重点破解的命题。基于中国知识产权局2014年申请和联合申请发明专利数据,运用社会网络分析法和基尼系数,从知识生产和知识网络层面,对京津冀、长三角、珠三角、长江中游、成渝五大城市群技术知识形态多中心和多尺度功能多中心进行测度。研究发现：① 城市群技术知识创新呈现网络化模式,但在形态和功能上多呈现单中心格局,与已有研究基于城市间基础设施联系、企业联系、科学知识联系广泛认同城市群呈现多中心格局的观点不同;② 城市群技术知识网络结构具有空间异质性,国家尺度技术知识流强度的空间不均衡性更加显著,强联系由少数核心城市控制;③ 形态和功能多中心程度存在区域差异,同城市群创新基础、经济实力、协同发展水平有关;④ 功能多中心程度具有尺度敏感性,区域尺度功能多中心程度高于国家尺度。研究结论有助于引发对城市空间组织理论的再思考。 相似文献
8.
中国乡村地域类型及分区发展途径 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
由于我国乡村地域差异显著,乡村振兴需分类有序推进。本研究立足于人地关系地域系统理论,从资源、环境、人文、经济等维度构建了度量乡村综合发展水平的指标体系和计量模型,划分了乡村地域类型,明确了分区发展途径。结果表明,我国乡村综合发展水平区域差异显著,呈现明显的自东向西递减规律;全国乡村地域类型可以划分为11个一级区和45个二级区,不同类型区制约因子各异;乡村发展水平差异是资源禀赋、功能定位、区位条件、政策文化等因子交互作用的综合体现。地理环境是乡村地域类型分异的决定性因素,资源禀赋状况是乡村地域分异的关键因子,人文和经济因素在乡村系统转型发展中扮演着重要作用。通过对乡村地域类型、特征及其分异机制的研究,为乡村振兴战略的顺利推进提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
This paper examines problems of zonal definition in the context of a recent empirical project on the geography of inter-firm linkages in New York State. It is argued that the results of a spatially structured survey of private companies can change significantly depending on the manner in which the study regions of the analysis are defined. Variations in the composition of study regions are a result of either changes in spatial scale, or spatial zoning at any one scale. This point is illustrated with data from 472 New York State manufacturing firms aggregated into four different zonal systems. The results of the analysis suggest that misleading interpretations of spatial data can emerge, even when logical boundaries are selected from the outset. 相似文献
10.
Bjørn-Tore Flåten Arne Isaksen James Karlsen 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2015,69(2):102-111
The article departs from empirical studies of two competitive firms in an organisationally thin region in Norway. The main question in the article is how these firms have achieved global competitiveness. The article focuses its inquiry on how the firms organise their innovation activity, giving special attention to the firms' organisational learning and absorptive capacity. It is found that find that workplace learning enables the firms to utilise knowledge in uncommon ways. The learning rests on specific organisational traits in the firms, such as broad participation, long-term on-the-job training, the use of practice-based knowledge in innovation projects, and links to national and global knowledge sources. The characteristics of thin regions indicate that these traits make up a generally applicable strategy in such regions. 相似文献
11.
Giuseppe Calignano Rune Dahl Fitjar Nina Hjertvikrem 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(1):65-78
ABSTRACTWith combined insights from evolutionary economic geography and transition studies, the article examines the engagement of different regions in Norway in the innovation networks created within the European Union’s environmental programmes. The aim is to explore the programmes’ potential for supporting green economy and economic restructuring through branching and new path creation. The authors assess which regions participate in the programmes, which international networks they build, and which organisations participate in different regions. They compare three regions with different restructuring needs and research capacity – the counties of Rogaland, Hordaland, and Sør-Trøndelag (now part of the county of Trøndelag). They find that overall, Norwegian organisations participate relatively frequently in the programmes, but private firms play a marginal role. Their partners are mainly in core EU regions. Regional participation in the programmes is a function of research capacity as well as oil dependence. The authors conclude that in research-oriented regions, research establishments tend to dominate participation, creating potential for restructuring mainly through path creation. In oil-dependent regions, private firms account for a higher share of participants, enhancing the potential for branching. As the former regions participate more, the programme can mainly stimulate path creation. 相似文献
12.
武陵山经济协作区空间协调发展程度评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
与以往区域协调发展程度评价研究不同,本文基于协调发展概念强调经济联系、区域差异、动态收敛和可持续发展的本质特点,构建空间（区域）评价体系,分别从基本公共服务均等化程度、区际一体化程度、区际人均GDP均等化程度、城乡人均消费水平差异程度四个方面评价武陵山经济协作区空间协调发展程度。评价结果显示,2001～2009年间,武... 相似文献
13.
关联视角下的区域产业动态研究进展与反思 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
区域产业动态是经济地理学的经典研究主题。不同尺度的传统经济地理研究常以企业、产业和区域为研究对象,忽略了不同个体之间的关联。近年来,经济地理学增加了关于企业关联的研究,但对于产业关联和区域关联的关注仍显不足。基于关联视角,本文首先围绕产业关联和区域关联等概念探讨了关联的形成机制,进一步梳理关于产业关联、区域关联与区域产业动态的研究进展,并为未来区域产业动态研究提出相关建议。与企业关联相同,产业和区域关联也与个体间的要素流动有关。现有研究表明产业关联有助于揭示区域产业演化规律,而区域关联会通过区域间要素流动影响区域产业动态。关联视角是区域产业动态研究的新视角,具有较大的研究潜力,值得引起经济地理学者们的关注。 相似文献
14.
中国高技术产业创新空间分布及其影响因素——基于面板数据的空间计量分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于2003-2012年省域面板数据,采用地统计方法分析中国高技术产业创新的空间分布,并运用空间计量模型对其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现：中国高技术产业创新存在明显的空间差异,其中东部地区的创新水平明显高于中部和西部地区;2003-2012年间,高技术产业创新整体空间差异表现出先扩大后缩小的趋势,空间分布呈现出先集聚后扩散的变化特征;相邻省域间的创新水平存在明显溢出现象,研发资金投入、研发人员投入、高校研发水平、企业规模和市场开放度均对高技术产业创新起到促进作用,且研发人员投入和市场开放度还能进一步促进相邻地区的创新发展,而企业规模则对相邻地区的创新存在负面影响。因此,加大对中西部地区研发资金和研发人员投入,重视高校在创新发展中的作用,破除区域壁垒促进技术流动以及加大市场开放度,都有利于提高整体创新水平和缩小创新空间差异。 相似文献
15.
知识密集型服务业作为国家创新体系的重要组成部分,已经成为促进区域旅游创新发展的关键因素。以中国长三角、珠三角和京津冀城市群为例,运用区位商、数据包络分析法、探索性空间数据分析法和空间计量模型等方法,对知识密集型服务业集聚和旅游创新的时空演变特征与两者之间的空间关联性深入分析。结果表明：① 三大城市群知识密集型服务业集聚特征明显,集聚程度由强到弱依次为珠三角、长三角和京津冀,且城市群内部各城市间的集聚存在不均衡特征。② 三大城市群旅游创新的生产效率变化主要由技术进步推动,旅游创新均表现出一定的空间集聚特征,长三角城市群具有明显空间集聚性,但空间集聚模式存在差异,珠三角和京津冀旅游创新集聚不明显。长三角城市群内部各城市大多属于高高和低低空间集聚模式,珠三角和京津冀城市群内部各城市大多属于高低和低高的空间集聚模式。③ 知识密集型服务业集聚对城市群旅游创新水平的提高具有一定的促进作用但存在地区差异性,三大城市群旅游创新水平呈现空间溢出效应,但其对周边城市的辐射带动作用有待加强。 相似文献
16.
城镇化是城镇和乡村人口变动共同作用的结果。本文从城乡人口变动的视角提出了城镇化地域类型的划分方法,基于历次全国人口普查数据,考察了中国城镇化地域类型的时空演变及其影响因素。研究发现中国的城镇化于1990年后进入快速阶段且当前仍在加速,但城镇化的实现路径存在较强的时空动态性：① 随着人口自然增长减缓和乡城迁移扩张,全国城镇化地域类型由城乡扩张型转变为城镇吸引型,乡村人口减少对城镇化的贡献持续增强;② 城镇吸引型是各地最主要的城镇化地域类型,但2010年以来大量地区因乡村人口加速外流而转变为乡村流失型,城乡扩张型地域的空间范围大幅收缩至西藏、上海等地,而城乡收缩型地域在东北地区的非省会城市大范围扩张;③ 经济性因素仍是当前中国城镇化的核心驱动因素,经济增长带动乡村人口外迁,工业化长期有利于城乡协调共进,而公共服务等社会性因素的作用仍然有限;④ 新型城镇化和乡村振兴的政策效应还有待发掘,西部城市群、中小城市的吸引力以及乡村地区的人口发展等问题仍需更多的研究关注。本文最后对中国城镇化的趋势性、动力机制和未来研究重点展开了讨论。 相似文献
17.
基于经济普查数据,应用地理加权回归模型实证研究了中国区域创新来源因素对创新绩效影响的空间异质特征。结果发现当前中国区域创新主要来源是自主研发,国内技术引进和技术吸收对区域创新有正向作用,外国技术引进、出口、外国直接投资存在一定负效应。不同的省域,创新来源因素对创新绩效的影响存在空间异质。创新来源因素对区域创新的影响大体呈现从东部发达地区向西部后发地区梯度递减特征。在东、中部地区,自主研发成为主要创新来源因素,正效应显著;西部地区的创新来源除自主研发,国内技术转移和吸收仍发挥重要作用,地理加权回归较好揭示了创新影响的空间异质特点。 相似文献
18.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):179-185
The vegetation of Norway varies along three main gradients: from south to north, from the lowlands to the mountains, and inland from the coast. The underlying criteria used in preparing the enclosed new map of the vegetational regions of Norway in the scale 1:1.5 mill, are discussed, especially with regard to Central Norway. On the major maps of the vegetational zones of the Nordic countries so far published, Norway has received different treatment. A new zonal map based on the abovementioned regional map is presented and discussed. A coastal section is distinguished in the far west of Norway, and on the regional map this section is subdivided into three separate altitudinal belts. The remaining part of Norway is split into regions on the detailed regional map or into zones on the zonal map, as follows: nemoral, present only in the far south of Norway; boreonemoral, which extends north to the Trondheimsfjord; southern boreal, as far north as Salten; middle boreal, from the Østlandet area northwards up the major valleys into Central Norway and northeastwards to Alta in North Norway; northern boreal, up to the altitudinal (climatic) forest limit; and finally the low, middle and high alpine regions in the mountains. The vegetational regions of Central Norway are thereafter described in more detail and contour maps (isohypses) presented for the upper limits of the regions. 相似文献
19.
企业是区域经济发展的微观基础。企业生产率增长会影响区域长期经济发展,因此有必要深入分析企业生产率变动的影响因素和内在机制。基于中国工业企业年度调查数据（ASIF）,通过两阶段回归模型（2SLS）探讨企业与区域产业环境间的技术关联对企业生产率的影响,并分析不同交通类型的区域可达性的调节作用差异。结果显示：① 企业与区域间的技术关联越高,企业的全要素生产率会越高。② 区域可达性能够调节技术关联与企业生产率间的关系,且异质性交通网络的调节效应不同。在公路可达性高的区域内,企业生产率受到企业与区域间技术关联的影响较强;相反,提升区域铁路可达性则主要表现为削弱技术关联对企业生产率的作用。③ 区域可达性的调节效应还存在产业和空间异质性。比起劳动密集型企业,资本、技术密集型企业的生产率与技术关联间的关系受区域可达性的影响更明显。对于不同区域,公路可达性会使东部企业的生产率更依赖技术关联,而中西部企业刚好相反;铁路可达性则能促使东部企业发生“突破性”的生产率变化,对中西部企业没有明显影响。 相似文献
20.
中国农村空心化综合测度与分区 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
随着城镇化进程加快,广大农村地区出现了以土地资源粗放利用、人口过疏化、经济发展动力不足为主要特征的农村空心化现象。论文基于农村土地利用、社会经济发展数据,采用子系统综合评价与层次逐级判断组合研究方法,综合评价了中国县域尺度的农村空心化程度,并进行了地域分区。研究表明:中国农村空心化地域分异特征明显,高值区集中于北方边境和东部沿海发达县域,两湖平原、中部传统农区空心化也较为突出;低值区集中在南疆地区、青藏高原、西南山区等落后山区。按照土地、人口、经济子系统的交互特征,可将全国划分为新疆经济平稳发展型空心化中低值区等10个农村空心化大区,以及北疆农村空心化出现区等47个亚区。研究结果可为有序、分区、分类推进中国农村空心化整治提供科学支撑。 相似文献