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不同植物恢复模式下香溪河消落带土壤种子库特征及其对水位消涨的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《湿地科学》2016,(2)
三峡工程修建所引起的库区水位消涨幅度和节律的改变,导致了消落带植物和土壤种子库的退化,恢复消落带植物和土壤种子库成为消落带生态保护的关键问题。通过样方调查和种子库萌发实验,研究了三峡库区香溪河人工和自然植物恢复模式下消落带土壤种子库的组成与分布特征、土壤种子库与地上植物相似性以及它们对库区反季节水位消涨节律的响应。研究结果表明,植物恢复模式对消落带土壤种子库的物种组成和物种多样性及其空间分布有一定程度的影响;在植物人工恢复采样地,土壤种子库含有44种物种的种子,以消落带上部的物种最丰富;在植物自然恢复采样地,土壤种子库含有50种物种的种子,以消落带中部的物种最丰富。在水位消涨的影响下,消落带土壤种子库的物种组成和物种多样性都趋于简单,物种生活型以一年生草本植物为主。植物恢复模式和水位消涨还引起消落带土壤种子库种子数量空间分布格局、种子库与地上植物相似性的变化。水位消涨增加了土壤种子库与地上植物的相似性,并使得两种植物恢复模式下的土壤种子库的最高种子密度都出现在消落带中部(海拔165 m处),但是人工恢复区土壤种子库的平均种子密度显著低于自然恢复区,其土壤种子库植物种子与地上植物的相似指数略高于自然恢复区。目前三峡库区所采用的消落带植物人工恢复技术在土壤种子库的恢复方面存在一定局限性,今后应在物种的配置上作进一步的改进。 相似文献
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额稀沟为雅砻江右岸一级支流,位于雅江县城北,近沟口一带及其沟口下游雅砻江两岸残存发育有堆积体。从堆积体总体分布形态、堆积体成分及结构的空间变化特征,恢复了发生于末次冰期晚期的额稀沟巨大古洪积扇,并根据洪积物的物质组成及结构特征,合理选取了岸坡坍岸预测的计算参数,计算参数选取实验数值中偏大值。采用geo-slope软件自动搜索危险滑面和王跃敏的图解法,预测了Ⅳ区堆积体岸坡在牙根水库蓄水条件下坍岸范围,结果表明：2602m水位条件下坍岸宽度为28m,仅比2587m蓄水位条件下坍岸宽度20m扩大了8m。成果将直接应用于雅江县安全评价、县城搬迁范围划定以及牙根水库2587m、2602m水位线比选,亦对雅江县城环境地质条件认识具有一定意义。 相似文献
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2010年4～8月,采用种子萌发法,研究太湖岸带的长期恢复的芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、短期恢复的芦苇沼泽和天然芦苇沼泽地上植被与土壤种子库的物种组成及两者之间的关系。结果表明,太湖岸带芦苇沼泽地上植被的物种数多于0～15cm深土壤种子库中的物种数;在太湖岸带芦苇沼泽0～15cm深土壤种子库中,共发现19种植物;土壤种子库种子密度为1440～7440粒/m2;土壤种子库中优势物种的生活型以一年生草本和多年生草本植物为主,而二年生草本植物相对缺乏;太湖岸带芦苇沼泽地表植被中,共有24种物种,优势科为禾本科;以多年生草本生活型为主;不同恢复期芦苇沼泽地表植被与土壤种子库的物种组成相似性较小。太湖岸带长期恢复的芦苇沼泽、短期恢复的芦苇沼泽和天然芦苇沼泽地上植被的物种数分别为13种、19种和7种;它们的0～15cm深土壤种子库的植物种数分别为8种、14种和7种,其中,一年生草本植物分别占所有生活型植物物种的37.50%、42.86%和42.86%;多年生草本植物分别占62.50%、57.14%和57.14%;土壤种子库种子密度分别为(1440±740.63)粒/m2、(7440±1972.74)粒/m2和(3600±2881.64)粒/m2;长期恢复的芦苇沼泽、短期恢复的芦苇沼泽和天然芦苇沼泽的土壤种子库种子密度差异不显著。随着土壤深度的增加,长期恢复的芦苇沼泽、短期恢复的芦苇沼泽和天然芦苇沼泽土壤种子库的植物种数在减少,其0～5cm深土壤种子库的植物种数分别占0～15cm深土壤种子库的植物种数的88.89%、45.16%和68.89%。太湖岸带短期恢复的芦苇沼泽的土壤种子库种子密度最大,其次为天然芦苇沼泽,长期恢复的芦苇沼泽的土壤种子库种子密度最小。处于恢复期的芦苇沼泽土壤种子库种子密度随着恢复年限的增加而减少。 相似文献
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探讨不同治理措施（林地采用等高草带、乔灌草、封禁等措施,园地采用隔坡梯田、水平梯田、梯田＋竹节沟等措施）对植被恢复和土壤性质的影响,并对植物多样性和土壤性质进行了相关分析,结果表明：不同治理措施对植物多样性（丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数）和土壤性质都有较大影响。林地以林草＋封禁措施效果最佳,其次是乔灌草措施;园地以隔坡梯田的综合效益最好,再次是水平梯田。在紫色土丘陵地区侵蚀地植被和土壤恢复时,以工程措施和林草措施并用为宜,如隔坡梯田＋乔灌草模式。 相似文献
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长白山西坡小叶章侵入苔原带调查与机理分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受火山活动干扰,长白山各坡向植被演替进程表现出较大差异,东坡植被演替处于早期阶段;而北坡出现岳桦(Betula ermanii Charm.)上侵现象;南坡植被演替处于二者之间。经过多年野外调查对比分析,首次提出长白山西坡苔原带出现小叶章(Deyeuxia.angustifolia(Kom.)Y.L.Chang)侵入苔原的现象。调查显示小叶章呈现从低海拔处向高海拔逐渐侵入的趋势,威胁牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.)及笃斯越橘(Vaccinium uliginosum Linn.)等苔原带植物的生存,并导致苔原带景观变化。在调查长白山西坡小叶章侵入苔原带的基础上,根据苔原带的环境变化设计了小叶章移栽与增温实验、小叶章种子着床实验。实证了小叶章上侵是火山喷发后植被演替的一个特殊阶段,并提出长白山苔原带西坡小叶章上侵代表了岳桦林带上移的理论。 相似文献
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黄土丘陵区坡面尺度上不同植被格局下植物群落和土壤性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西延安羊圈沟小流域坡面上退耕还林还草后形成的林地(单一种植刺槐人工林)、草地(单一的撂荒草地)、草地-林地-草地(上坡位和下坡位撂荒草地,中坡位种植刺槐人工林)及林地-草地-林地(上坡位和下坡位种植刺槐人工林,中坡位为撂荒草地)四种不同的植被格局下植物物种多样性及土壤理化性质变化的研究,旨在揭示植被恢复过程中,坡面上植被不同的空间配置模式对植物物种的组成及土壤环境变化的影响.研究发现,4种植被格局下植物物种的多样性以单一的撂荒草地坡面最高,人工林的种植一定程度上影响了林下植物物种多样性的恢复,但整个灌木和草本的群落结构4种植被格局之间均未达到极不相似水平.土壤有机碳及总氮含量均以坡面上草地-林地-草地的空间配置格局最高且有机碳存在显著差异,而撂荒草地则在土壤水分的保持及改善土壤pH值上优于其他3种植被格局. 相似文献
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水库库区形成以后,由于水位的上升变动往往触发相当数量的坍塌和滑坡,对库岸稳定性造成严重影响.以小湾水电站库区新民坝子滑坡为例,在岸坡地质条件及变形破坏特征调查的基础上,对其变形破坏机制和稳定性进行分析和评价,得出其变形破坏方式为前缘一后缘逐级后退式失稳模式,且现状处于欠稳定状态;通过概化其地质模型,采用FLAc3D数值模拟手段进行流固耦合分析,得出水位上升至调查水位1 160 m高程和正常蓄水位1 240 m高程时的岸坡稳定性状况,计算结果表明蓄水至1 240 m高程后岸坡存在产生较大规模失稳的可能.这对类似库岸滑坡的调查分析具有一定参考意义. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1988,40(4):471-499
Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne . 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):488-489
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey. Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer. Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed. The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale. Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds. Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds. Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds. Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small. Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz. World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken. Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein. South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair. Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor. Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig. The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston. Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb. Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer. China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang. A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West. Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied. Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves. Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor. Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran. Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada: Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo. The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest. Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke. Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels. The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen. The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester. Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman. Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli. 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):488-524
Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli . 相似文献
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《寒旱区科学》2014,(4):I0001-I0001
Permafrost engineering has been developing rapidly in recent years. Many projects have been undertaken with the latest technologies and show their importance in supporting regional social and economical development. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been a milestone project in permafrost engineering. However, when designing and building infrastructures in cold regions, 相似文献
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HAYASHI Hiroaki 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):395-397
<正>1 Characteristics of Kunisaki GIAS and aims of this research Kunisaki GIAHS in the Kunisaki peninsula and Usa area,Oita,Japan,is a system where forestry,agricultural production,and fisheries are sustained by the strong connection between Sawtooth Oak forest,multiple interlinked irriga tion ponds,and Seto Inland Sea(Vafadari 2013a;2013b;Hayashi 2013).This area receive around 1,500 mm of annual precipitation with a 相似文献
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P. Guilizzoni A. Marchetto A. Lami N. G. Cameron P. G. Appleby N. L. Rose Ø. A. Schnell C. A. Belis A. Giorgis L. Guzzi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(3):245-264
A palaeoecological study of an oligotrophic alpine lake, Paione Superiore (Italy), provided a record of historical changes in water quality. Historical trends in lake acidification were reconstructed by means of calibration and regression equations from diatoms, chrysophycean scales and pigment ratios. The historical pH was inferred by using two different diatom calibration data sets, one specific to the alpine region. These pH trends, together with the record of sedimentary carbonaceous particles and chironomid remains, indicate a recent acidification of this low alkalinity lake.Concentration of total organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, biogenic silica (BSiO2), chlorophyll derivatives (CD), fucoxanthin, diatom cell concentration and number of chironomid head capsules increased during the last 2–3 decades. When expressed as accumulation rates, most of these parameters tended to decrease from the past century to c. 1950, then all except P increased to the present day. A marked increase in sedimentary nitrogen may be related to atmospheric pollution and to the general increases in output of N in Europe. High C/N ratios indicate a prevailing allochthonous source of organic matter.Finally, the increase in measured air temperature from the mid-1800's appeared to be related to lake water pH before industrialization: cold periods generally led to lower pH and vice-versa. The more recent phenomenon of anthropogenic acidification has apparently decoupled this climatic-water chemistry relationship. 相似文献
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K. F. Walker I. G. Dunn D. Edwards T. Petr H. Z. Yang 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(3):169-222
Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (snow trout). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species. 相似文献