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1.
广东韶关市农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
环境磁学方法具有快速、经济、非破坏性等优点,在农业土壤方面具有较高的研究价值与应用潜力。选取广东省韶关市范围内的32个耕地和65个林地表层土壤样品进行环境磁学分析,测试其高、低频磁化率,非磁滞剩磁与饱和等温剩磁等磁学参数,分析农业土壤磁学性质的空间分布特征及其影响因素,以及磁学指标之间的相关性。结果表明：韶关市农业土壤磁学参数在空间上存在较大变异性,曲江、新丰和乐昌北部的磁性矿物质量分数较高,乳源、武江、始兴南部和翁源北部的磁性矿物粒度较细。土地利用方式是研究区内农业土壤磁学性质的主要影响因素,耕地的磁性颗粒粒径比林地粗,磁性矿物质量分数比林地低。母质类型对农业土壤磁学性质的影响程度不及土地利用类型,可能由于农业土壤受人为因素的影响比母质更显著。人为排放源,包括工业活动和交通运输,对农业表层土壤磁性有明显的增强效应,对磁性物质的粒径分布也有一定的影响。 相似文献
2.
武夷山脉土壤磁学特征及环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山地学报》2019,(5)
中亚热带的武夷山脉山地土壤具有典型的垂直地带性,对该地的研究有助于弥补当前亚热带地区以及垂直地带性土壤磁学研究的不足。本文以武夷山脉北段为研究区,在不同海拔采集三个土壤剖面样品,进行系统的环境磁学测量,并结合色度指标,探讨武夷山脉不同海拔山地土壤磁学特征差异和环境意义。研究结果表明:(1)三个剖面所含磁性种类大体相同,主要为强磁性的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿、弱磁性的赤铁矿和针铁矿及顺磁性矿物。不同剖面、同一剖面的不同层位,磁性矿物含量比例不同。(2)随着海拔升高,剖面磁颗粒变粗,这是由于不同气候条件下磁性矿物转化途径不同。(3)降水和气温的配置控制赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量及相对比例,湿冷条件下,针铁矿相对比例更高而使土体呈黄色。(4)亚铁磁性矿物对气候的响应比反铁磁性矿物更为复杂,局部小环境对磁性矿物也产生了较大的影响。色度指标b~*/a~*(黄度/红度)是具有明确意义的气候代用指标。 相似文献
3.
昆明市松华坝水源区表土磁学特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘勇 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(3):33-37
采用环境磁学研究方法研究了昆明市松华坝水源区表土的磁学特征,结果表明,松华坝上游地区表土未受或很少受到污染,土壤磁化率偏低,土壤中的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿,另外还含有少量弱磁性的磁黄铁矿和针铁矿。松华坝下游坝区土壤受到了一定程度的污染,污染表土的磁学特征表现为：高磁化率,磁化率与频率磁化率呈现较强的负相关,污染土壤中的主要载磁矿物为强磁性的磁铁矿。松华坝下游土壤污染主要局限于距水面2m的范围之内．污染物主兽来源干农业面源污染． 相似文献
4.
北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用环境磁学方法对北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征进行了系统研究,并通过与北京市朝阳区、兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征的对比,对环境磁学在污染物来源解析及扩散条件研究中的应用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,大兴区大气降尘磁性矿物含量明显高于本区表土,人为源影响显著;降尘样品磁学特征主要受磁铁矿控制,并含有一定数量的磁赤铁矿,磁性矿物为准单畴和多畴颗粒;大兴区降尘样品的磁性矿物含量明显低于朝阳区,且样品颗粒相对较细,表明人口密度、车流量、城市发达度对大气污染程度存在显著影响;大兴区与兰州市大气降尘磁性矿物含量的季节变化差异表明,燃煤取暖对北京大气质量的影响显著减弱,燃煤锅炉改造是大气污染防治的重要措施之一。气象因素对大气颗粒物浓度变化有重要影响,降水、低气压和高风速利于大气颗粒物的清除和扩散,低气温对大气颗粒物污染的负面影响显著。 相似文献
5.
北疆地区城市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
应用环境磁学方法,系统地研究了乌鲁木齐市和木垒县大气自然降尘所含磁性矿物的类型、晶体粒径和含量及其环境意义。结果表明:①乌鲁木齐市和木垒县降尘中铁磁性矿物含量高,其磁学特征主要受磁铁矿控制。②乌鲁木齐市降尘中磁性矿物含量高,尤其冬季降尘,而木垒县降尘中磁性矿物含量相对较低。③乌鲁木齐市降尘样品中磁性矿物的晶体颗粒较粗,磁学特征显示多畴（MD）和假单畴（PSD）颗粒的等效特性,季节差异性小;木垒县降尘样品中磁性矿物的晶体粒径较细,为单畴（SD）颗粒,季节性差异大。研究指示乌鲁木齐市人类活动过程中排放了大量的磁性矿物,并对其降尘的磁学特征产生了明显影响,冬季表现的尤为明显。 相似文献
6.
兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用环境磁学方法系统研究了兰州市区大气自然降尘的磁学特征（包括磁化率、无磁滞磁化率、等温剩磁、磁滞回线和热磁曲线）。结果表明：兰州市大气降尘中磁性矿物含量较高,磁参数的贡献主要来自磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿,磁性矿物的粒度较粗,为准单畴颗粒;兰州市大气污染严重,磁化率等磁学参数较好地反映了兰州市大气污染状况;兰州市空气污染防治近年来已取得了一定成效,空气质量有了较大改善,冬季污染在逐年减轻,而夏季污染变化不大。环境磁学作为一种简单、快速且无破坏性的研究手段,可以为城市污染防治研究提供许多有价值的信息。 相似文献
7.
南方第四纪红土是记录南方古环境信息的良好载体和第四纪古气候环境研究的重要内容。本文对采自福建北部闽江流域大横第四纪红土剖面的样品进行磁化率、等温剩磁、饱和等温剩磁和代表样品的κ-T曲线等多磁学参数的详细测量和分析,研究结果表明:大横剖面的磁化率范围为8.87~35×10-8m3·kg-1,饱和等温剩磁范围为51.77×10~(-5)~294.51×10-5Am~2·kg~(-1),总体偏低,说明大横剖面的磁性矿物含量较低,可能是福建北部化学风化作用强烈且温暖湿润的环境导致的;频率磁化率、非磁滞磁化率及χARM/SIRM比值说明剖面自上而下,磁性矿物颗粒大小总体上呈现变粗趋势,由SP+SD颗粒到SD+MD颗粒的转变,剖面磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,并含有磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和纤铁矿等。本文探讨了红土剖面的不同沉积层磁学特征变化及对环境的指示意义,对认识该地区第四纪红土的风化特征及发育环境有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
8.
《干旱区地理》2017,(3)
中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物存在磁性矿物种类复杂和磁化率普遍偏低等问题,使得利用环境磁学手段重建古环境、古气候的方法受到了限制。选择新疆博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔顶部岩芯(深度0~2.5 m)不同沉积相的代表性样品,进行载磁性矿物富集,并将原样品和富集获得的样品分别做XRD(X荧光衍射)岩石矿物检测。结果显示,所有湖相样品中均有黄铁矿和磁铁矿检出,而没有磁黄铁矿和针铁矿检出,说明博斯腾湖全新世湖相沉积物的主要磁性矿物是磁铁矿,并含有少量黄铁矿;富集获得的样品中粘土矿物(如绿泥石等)含量明显增加,石英、长石和方解石含量降低,富集后的残留样品的磁化率大幅度降低,说明粘土矿物对干旱区湖泊沉积物的磁学贡献不容忽视。结合沉积物粒度、色度、硫元素含量以及沉积物磁性矿物的组合特征推断,黄铁矿可以作为湖泊高水位的指示矿物种类,因而具有重建湖泊古水位变化的潜力,并应用到博斯腾湖的全新世湖泊环境重建,发现博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔位置早全新世为接近氧化环境的浅湖相环境,而中晚全新世为深湖相沉积环境并存在一个浅水的湖滨相沉积环境。研究结果说明,利用载磁性矿物富集的方法对干旱区湖泊沉积物中所含磁性矿物进行富集后检测是开展干旱区湖泊环境磁学研究的可行手段,对研究湖泊环境变化具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
谢海超魏海涛王强黄小忠彭卫陈发虎 《干旱区地理》2017,(3):512-522
中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物存在磁性矿物种类复杂和磁化率普遍偏低等问题,使得利用环境磁学手段重建古环境、古气候的方法受到了限制。选择新疆博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔顶部岩芯(深度0~2.5 m)不同沉积相的代表性样品,进行载磁性矿物富集,并将原样品和富集获得的样品分别做XRD(X荧光衍射)岩石矿物检测。结果显示,所有湖相样品中均有黄铁矿和磁铁矿检出,而没有磁黄铁矿和针铁矿检出,说明博斯腾湖全新世湖相沉积物的主要磁性矿物是磁铁矿,并含有少量黄铁矿;富集获得的样品中粘土矿物(如绿泥石等)含量明显增加,石英、长石和方解石含量降低,富集后的残留样品的磁化率大幅度降低,说明粘土矿物对干旱区湖泊沉积物的磁学贡献不容忽视。结合沉积物粒度、色度、硫元素含量以及沉积物磁性矿物的组合特征推断,黄铁矿可以作为湖泊高水位的指示矿物种类,因而具有重建湖泊古水位变化的潜力,并应用到博斯腾湖的全新世湖泊环境重建,发现博斯腾湖BST12B钻孔位置早全新世为接近氧化环境的浅湖相环境,而中晚全新世为深湖相沉积环境并存在一个浅水的湖滨相沉积环境。研究结果说明,利用载磁性矿物富集的方法对干旱区湖泊沉积物中所含磁性矿物进行富集后检测是开展干旱区湖泊环境磁学研究的可行手段,对研究湖泊环境变化具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
对乌鲁木齐市建成区和郊区不同用地类型土壤样品的磁学特征、空间变化规律及初步的环境指示意义进行了研究。结果表明:城市土壤磁性矿物平均含量适中,主要以多畴亚铁磁性矿物主导,同时含有少量不完全反铁磁性矿物。建成区土壤磁性矿物中超顺磁性矿物粒度含量非常少,郊区由超顺和粗磁颗粒共同构成。从磁性参数的空间分布特征来看,磁性矿物含量呈现出工业区、交通密集区以及其他人类活动强烈地区含量高,北部的耕地和其他3个方向的未利用地含量低的变化规律,而且建成区特别是工业区附近存在较多的多畴亚铁磁性矿物和相对较高的不完全反铁磁性矿物。通过对磁性参数空间分布特征的分析,初步得出建成区比受人为因素影响相对较少的郊区土壤磁性强,与建成区工矿企业生产、汽车尾气和其他人为活动产生的粗颗粒亚铁磁性的污染物相关。 相似文献
11.
Heavy metals,one of the most toxic classes of pollutants,are resistant to degradation and harmful to the biological environment.The lakes that have developed on the Tibetan Plateau are ideal regions to investigate historic heavy metal pollution,particularly through the use of the reliable 210 Pb dating technique.Environmental magnetism has been successfully applied to estimate heavy metal pollution in different environmental systems due to its characteristics of simple processing steps,good sensitivity,and non-destructibility.However,it has not yet been applied to assess heavy metal pollution in lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau.A series of environmental magnetic investigations of Qiangyong Co Lake sediments(southern Tibetan Plateau) was therefore conducted to explore the relationship between magnetic minerals and mercury(Hg) concentrations.The results showed that the magnetic mineral species in lake sediments remained stable,with similar levels of four different components from 1899 to 2011.However,the proportion of component 1(C1,hematite) increased continuously with the corresponding decrease in the proportion of C2(goethite),while the proportions of C3 and C4(magnetite) did not change significantly.As a result,the bulk magnetic signals(e.g.,SIRM and clf) were unsuitable for the evaluation of the Hg concentration;however,the proportion of hematite had a strong positive correlation with the Hg concentration.It is possible that the Qiangyong Glacier(the main water supply for Qiangyong Co Lake) has experienced faster melting with global and local warming,and the Hg trapped in cryoconite and ice was released.Hematite,with a large specific surface area,has a strong capacity for absorbing Hg,and both materials are ultimately transported to Qiangyong Co Lake.The proportion of hematite in a sample is therefore a suitable semi-quantitative proxy that can be used to evaluate the Hg concentration in Qiangyong Co Lake sediments.This study confirmed that the variation of magnetic minerals can provide a new method to estimate the variation of Hg concentrations and to study the process of Hg deposition in lakes in the southern Tibetan Plateau on the basis of a detailed environmental magnetic analysis. 相似文献
12.
应用环境磁学方法对北疆昌吉地区和南疆阿克苏地区大气降尘的磁学特征进行对比研究。结果表明：2012年春夏季昌吉地区大气降尘样品磁性矿物以磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,阿克苏地区样品除受到磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿主要控制外,还含有更多赤铁矿等高矫顽力磁性矿物。两地降尘样品都以假单畴颗粒PSD和多畴颗粒MD为主。昌吉地区大气降尘样品的磁性矿物含量明显高于阿克苏地区。阿克苏地区大气降尘样品以天然降尘为主,强磁性矿物含量较低;昌吉地区降尘样品人为源输入强度高,磁学信号强。大气降尘的磁学特征包含大量环境信息,可以作为粉尘环境监测的重要手段。严格控制工业污染物排放,合理规划工业布局,依旧是治理城市大气污染的重要措施。 相似文献
13.
Magnetic susceptibility of soil: an evaluation of conflicting theories using a national data set 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
J. A. Dealing K. L. Hay S. M. J. Baban A. S. Huddleston E. M. H. Wellington P. J. Loveland 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,127(3):728-734
Magnetic susceptibility values for topsoils across England arc combined with data for soil type, geochemistry and concentrations of magnetotactic bacteria in order to evaluate different theories for explaining soil magnetism. Strongly magnetic soils in unpolluted areas are found over weakly magnetic substrates and are dominated by ultrafine superparamagnetic grains. Magnetotactic bacteria are present in insufficient concentrations to account for strongly magnetic soils, and crop burning is discounted as a major factor. A small number of samples show high values associated with either airborne magnetic particulates from pollution or residual primary ferrimagnetic minerals from igneous substrates. The results are used to construct a new mechanism for the formation of secondary ferrimagnetic minerals that links abiological weathering and biological fermentation processes. The fundamental driving force in the mechanism is Fe supply, which may be linked to climate. Observed causative associations between climate and the magnetic susceptibility of loess-palaeosol sequences are supported by the findings. 相似文献
14.
重金属污染物因具有持久性和难降解性,严重影响生态系统健康。青藏高原湖泊远离人类污染区,是研究人类污染物远端效应的理想区域。基于定年数据,湖泊沉积物可以追踪近百年内的人类污染物变化趋势。环境磁学具有经济、快捷和无损耗的特点,被广泛证实可以有效指示重金属污染;但目前还缺乏对青藏高原湖泊沉积物中的相关环境磁学研究。为此,选取青藏高原南部枪勇错1899—2011年的沉积物,进行系统的环境磁学分析,探讨磁性矿物与重金属Hg的相关关系及环境指示意义。结果表明：1899—2011年磁性矿物的类型没有发生变化,可分为4类组分,其中：组分C1（赤铁矿）占比不断增多,C2（针铁矿）占比相应减少,C3和C4（磁铁矿）的占比基本保持不变。样品的饱和等温剩磁和低频磁化率与Hg含量相关性较低。然而C1组分与Hg含量呈现良好的正相关关系。本文认为在近百年全球和青藏高原气温不断增高的趋势下,枪勇错的主要补给——枪勇冰川融化加速,导致原来被冰川或冰尘封存的人类污染产生的Hg重新释放。在这个过程中,C1（赤铁矿）组分因表面积大而易于富集Hg,最终二者一同随融水进入到枪勇错。本研究表明,环境磁学可以应用于青藏高原南部湖泊的重金属研究,并为揭示Hg在青藏高原南部湖泊中的富集过程提供新的视角。 相似文献
15.
从环境容载力理论探讨入手,论述了环境容载力的概念、定义及其功能,特别是就环境容量与环境承载力的各自特征及其相互关系和彼此差异进行了详细分析。在理论研究的基础上,根据城市环境系统的特点,进一步论述其综合功能与作用。在提出城市环境系统有效规模概念的基础上,对环境系统要素的环境容量以及由环境资源与生物、人文构成的复合系统的承载力进行了计量方法上的探索性研究。 相似文献
16.
塔里木盆地是北半球中、高纬度粉尘的重要源区。本研究在盆地南部的民丰县设置现代粉尘采样点,于2006年1月至2007年12月逐月采集样品。研究结果表明民丰县自然粉尘的月沉降通量为49.95 g·m-2,春、夏、秋季数值接近,冬季最低。粉尘中磁性矿物含量低,晶体粒径粗,矫顽力高,赤铁矿含量低。塔里木盆地自然粉尘和黄土高原黄土的磁学性质对比分析结果显示：黄土高原黄土的初始磁化率略低于塔里木盆地的现代降尘,二者的原生强磁性矿物的晶体粒径较粗,约为5 μm。粉尘在黄土高原沉积后,随着成壤过程中的生物化学风化作用加强,大量细粒强磁性矿物生成。同时,赤铁矿含量的增加也是指示成壤作用强度的重要标志。在塔里木盆地,人为源粉尘的磁性特征主要表现在强磁性和较低的矫顽力两方面。对盆地边缘地区的城市粉尘调查结果发现：北部城市粉尘的人为源输入强度高,磁学信号强;南部城市相对较弱。这与当地的经济发展状况、人口密度具有良好对应关系。环境磁学是进行粉尘环境监测和物源示踪的有效手段。 相似文献
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18.
Frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility for populations of single-domain grains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John K. Eyre 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,129(1):209-211
A recent paper (Dearing et al . 1996) on the use of frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility (Xfd) in magnetic grain-size investigations of environmental materic has proposed a fundamentally new model for the magnetic susceptibility of single-domain (SD) grains measured at different frequencies, and is divergent from the no well-established theory of SD behaviour. This new model appears to be founded on a confusion about the behaviour of SD grains, as predicted by theory, and magnetic measurements of real materials, which naturally have a distribution of magnetic grain sizes. Here I try to clear up this confusion by showing how different log-normal distributions of magnetic grain sizes affect the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility measurement. This analysis highlights that the limiting maximum Xfd value of ˜ 15 per cent obtained for environmental materials can be explained simply as a constraint imposed by the magnetic grain-size distribution having a finite minimum width (˜1.0 on a natural log scale). There is no reason to suppose that if the grain-size dispersion was narrower higher Xfd values could not be observed. Furthermore, the Xfd value is non-unique and so cannot be used quantitatively to determine the amount or grain-size distribution of SD grains in a sample 相似文献
19.
Mineral magnetic properties of mixtures of environmental and synthetic materials: linear additivity and interaction effects 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Joan A. Lees 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,131(2):335-346
Mineral magnetic properties have been used recently to classify and to attempt to quantify the sources of sediments through environmental systems. Linear modelling techniques could be used with a wide range of concentration-dependent magnetic measurements to quantify the sources of sediments. To investigate wider application of linear modelling techniques using mineral magnetic properties, research has been conducted using laboratory mixtures of up to six source materials, including both natural environmental materials and synthetic compounds. While six sources may seem ambitious, this figure was used as an absolute upper limit rather than giving a real prospect of mathematically unmixing six sources. It has been found that even with the most magnetically differentiable materials, large errors are encountered when modelling the sources of the mixtures. This paper investigates the causes of 'non-additivity' of certain magnetic measurements and the failure of the linear modelling of the sources of the mixtures. Possible reasons for this failure include source homogeneity, calibration and linearity of equipment, magnetic viscosity of materials and/or the changing physical characteristics of the source materials once mixed together (interaction effects). In testing linear additivity, low-frequency susceptibility is the most reliable mineral magnetic measurement, while remanence measurements suffer from a systematic error in the expected results. Results have shown that in the best controlled conditions where the sources are identified and are artificially mixed together, the results of linear modelling are quite poor and at best four sources can be 'unmixed' with reasonable success. It is suggested that interaction within the mixtures, especially when containing highly ferrimagnetic burnt environmental materials, causes some of the non-additivity phenomena. 相似文献
20.
Natural environmental changes and human impact reflected in sediments of a high alpine lake in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
From the high alpine Sägistalsee (1935 m a.s.l.), 13.50 m of continuously laminated sediments comprising the last 9050 years, were analyzed. Even though Sägistalsee is a high elevation site, human-induced environmental changes start as early as 4300 cal. BP and leave a clearly detectable signal in the mineralogy of the sediments, which is much stronger than the signal from natural environmental changes that occurred before this time. Variations in the physical and mineralogical sediment properties of this clastic sequence reflect erosional changes in the catchment, where almost pure limestone contrasts with carbonaceous, quartz-bearing marl, and shist. The calcite/quartz (Cc/Qz) ratio was found to be most indicative of these changes, which occurred around AD 1850 and at 650, 2000, 3700, and 6400 cal. BP. The first four are interpreted as erosion events, which are related to human-induced changes in the vegetation cover and land use. We associate them to the recent development of tourism and grazing, the medieval intensification of pasturing, Roman forest clearance, and Bronze Age forest clearance, respectively. The Cc/Qz-ratio increases significantly within less than 100 years during these events, reflecting the erosion of unweathered or poorly weathered soils. The time intervals in between are characterized by a gradually decreasing Cc/Qz-ratio and reflect the stabilization or formation of new soils. Only the change at 6400 cal. BP, which represents the initial gradual stabilization of the catchment, is related to the immigration of Picea abies. 相似文献