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利用14C测年技术对驻马店市地热流体年龄进行计算,结合热储沉积时代、地热流体赋存深度可以判断流体补给来源、径流速度及可更新能力,对研究区域地热赋存规律、资源评价有重要意义。结果显示,驻马店市自西向东地热流体年龄从26ka增加到54ka,遂平县赋存深度1,400m的地热流体较上蔡县、汝南县、平舆县、新蔡县赋存深度1,000m的地热流体更为年轻,表明驻马店市地热流体以侧向缓慢径流为主,垂向交替作用极为微弱。在工程实践中,以不考虑侧向补给、垂向补给的弹性释水量作为地热流体的可开采量更为可靠。 相似文献
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论文根据土右旗所处区域区域地热地质条件及土右旗地热地质条件,对土右旗热储层分布情况,热储层盖层,热流通道,热源及热水补给条件进行分析研究,包头市土默特右旗主要为盆地型地热增温型地热田,盆地内地热储层分布广,沉积稳定,从现有资料分析其热储温度较高,地热储层厚度分布稳定,面积大,地热条件较好,可望成为较大型的地热田。 相似文献
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对黔东南州北西部出露的12处温泉的水化学特征、同位素特征进行了分析,得出黔东南州北西部温泉水的来主要为大气降水补给、年龄以现代水为主。黔东南州北西部温泉水与围岩矿物未达到完全平衡,不适宜用Na、K、Mg地热温标,玉髓的地热温标显示黔东南州北西部温泉热储温度在42.3℃~75.6℃。对下一步黔东南州北西部的温泉地热勘查、开发利用具有指导意义。 相似文献
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为了阐明华北隐伏型煤矿深部含水层补给条件,以淮北煤田临涣矿区任楼煤矿为例,采用水化学系统聚类分析与氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合采矿活动影响,分析与探讨煤矿深部含水层中的地下水补给源及其变化机制。研究表明:矿区深层地下水形成机制为大气降水直接但不均匀入渗、滞留入渗以及古地下水混合。矿区深层地下水当总溶解固体(TDS)小于1 000 mg/L时,氢氧稳定同位素组成(δ值)随着TDS的增大而减小;当TDS大于1 000 mg/L时,δ值在平均值线附近。矿区深层地下水平均δD与δ18O分别为-67.4‰与-8.68‰,小于大气降水年平均δD与δ18O(δD=-52.4‰,δ18O=-7.80‰)。在未经采矿活动影响下,矿区深层地下水主要来源于大气降水直接但不均匀入渗补给形成的;经采矿活动影响后深部含水层长期向采空区充水,原地下水循环条件已被打破,在补给区水力交替加快,滞留于地表或土壤层的大气降水补给深部含水层。 相似文献
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以仁怀市南部新城湿地公园DR1号井地热水为研究对象,从地热水所在区域地质、地热地质背景入手,分析该地热水的水文地球化学和热储结构特征,结果表明:该地热水具有断裂(裂隙)型温泉特征,补给来源为大气降水,热储含水层为震旦系灯影组,其形成主要受岩性及区域性断裂控制。 相似文献
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地下水稳定同位素组成的时空变化特征可以反映不同时期、不同区域地下水补给来源的差异。通过青海湖沙柳河流域浅层地下水氢氧稳定同位素组成的时空变化特征以及地下水、河水与降雨之间的补给关系的分析，结果显示：季风时期，地下水主要受降雨入渗和河流侧向补给为主，在补给过程中蒸发作用是影响地下水稳定同位素值的主要因素；非季风期，冰雪融水对低值区的地下水影响显著，同时降水的快速入渗则是该时期高值区地下水的主要补给方式之一。地下水同位素高值区，地下水与河水间补给作用较弱，补给时间超过5个月；地下水同位素低值区，地下水与河水补给关系较为密切，补给时间在1~4个月间。本文所得结论可初步反映干旱半干旱内陆流域地下水稳定同位素特征以及补给方式的基本规律，在一定程度上可为流域地下水及其他水体间的转换研究提供科学依据，并为地下水资源管理和水环境治理提供一定理论指导。 相似文献
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采用环境同位素示踪技术研究旱区不同土地利用类型下的土壤水来源与运移机理,通过以新疆三工河流域为研究区,对三工河流域四个土壤剖面分层采集了不同土地利用类型的土壤水,测定了其稳定同位素(δD、δ^(18)O)的含量,分析了非饱和带土壤水稳定同位素沿土壤剖面的垂向变化规律。结果表明:区内非饱和带中的土壤水在入渗的同时经历了明显的混合作用,荒地土壤水比耕地受蒸发作用影响更强烈,荒地蒸发影响深度为1.2~1.6 m,耕地蒸发影响深度为0.8~1.2m;荒地与耕地土壤水中氢氧同位素在垂向上呈现旋回变化,每个旋回经历了一次新水入渗补给的过程,即新水入渗与土壤老水混合-土壤水氢氧同位素逐渐变小直到贫化极值-地表入渗补给结束,土壤水向下运移并逐渐与土壤老水混合同时受蒸发作用-同位素逐渐富集直到土壤老水本底值;耕地土壤剖面补给水δD值为-112.93‰^-102.58‰,荒地土壤剖面补给水δD值为-111.07‰^-94.44‰,比地下水、地表水同位素值更贫化,可见土壤水中的补给水主要来源于大气降水;灌溉水入渗地表后,在强烈的蒸发作用下,很难向非饱和带深部运移对地下水补给,节水灌溉方式改变了绿洲内土壤水入渗补给机制。研究结论为进一步厘定绿洲内垂向补给量,准确评价三工河流域水资源量提供重要依据。 相似文献
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西部中国沙棘叶片稳定碳同位素组成的空间特征及其气候意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分析了西部中国沙棘（Hippophate rhamnoides sinensis）叶片稳定碳同位素组成特征及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值在-30.40‰~-24.91‰之间变化,平均值约为-27.62‰,属于C3植物。随纬度和经度的升高,中国沙棘叶片δ13C值明显升高,而随海拔的升高而降低,具有明显的空间分布特征。中国沙棘叶片δ13C值与温度没有明显的关系,随蒸发量和日照时间的升高而升高,随降水量的升高有降低趋势,具有明显的气候意义。表明中国沙棘具有较高的水分利用效率,水分是控制中国沙棘δ13C值变化或生长的主导因子。 相似文献
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盐生荒漠土壤水稳定氢、氧同位素组成季节动态 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对准噶尔盆地东南缘降水和土壤水稳定氢、氧同位素组成（δ18O和δD）进行了测定,分析了降水中δ18O和δD值的季节变化规律,表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值对降水脉冲的动态响应以及不同深度土壤水中δ18O和δD值的变化特征。结果表明：该区域大气降水线为δD=7.691δ18O+4.606;降水与表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值表现出明显的季节变化特征;表层土壤水中δ18O和δD值、质量含水量对降水脉冲响应显著,且不同量级的降水导致不同程度的响应。利用LSD法对0~300 cm土层内土壤水中δ18O和δD值进行多重比较分析,可将土壤在垂直方向上分为3层,表层（0~50 cm）土壤水分活跃,稳定同位素值随深度的增加而迅速减小;中间层（50~180 cm）土壤水分相对活跃,既受到降水入渗和蒸发作用的影响,也有地下水的补给;深层（180~300 cm）水分来源稳定,土壤水中δ18O和δD值基本不变。 相似文献
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One-dimensional models of groundwater flow, sediment thermal history and petroleum generation within continental rift basins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigate the effects of convective heat transfer on the thermal history of sediments and petroleum formation within continental rift basins using one-dimensional mathematical modelling. The transport equations used in this study to describe vertical groundwater flow and conductive/convective heat transfer are solved by the finite element method. Sediment thermal history is quantitatively represented using first-order rate kinetic expressions for kerogen degradation and an empirical fanning Arrhenius model for apatite fission track annealing. Petroleum generation is also represented in the model by a suite of first-order rate kinetic expressions. The analysis provides insights into how pore fluid circulation patterns are preserved in the rock record as anomalies in palaeogeothermometric data within continental rifts. Parameters varied in the numerical experiments include the ratio of conductive to convective heat transfer (thermal Peclet number; Pe) and the composition of the disseminated organic matter in the sediment (type II and III kerogen). Quantitative results indicate that vertical groundwater flow rates on the order of a mm/yr cause a change in computed vitrinite reflectance of the rocks and a shift in the depth to oil generation by as much as 3000 m. Differences in thermal gradients between recharge and discharge areas (Pe= 0.6) also change the width of the zone of oil generation by a factor of two. Even more dramatic, however, are the large changes in predicted apatite fission track length distributions and model ages between recharge and discharge areas. For example, a sediment package buried to a depth of 2400 m over 200 Myr within the groundwater recharge column had a fission track length distribution with a computed mean and standard deviation of 12.83 μm and 0.77 μm, respectively. The fission track model age for this sediment package was 209 Ma. The same sediment package in the discharge area has a distribution with a mean track length of 5.68 μm, a standard deviation of 3.37 μm, and a fission track model age of 2.6 Ma. Transient groundwater flow simulations, in which fluid circulation ceases after a period of time within the rift basin, are also presented to illustrate how disturbances in palaeogeothermometric parameters are preserved on geological time-scales. Vitrinite reflectance profiles require about 10 Myr to return to conductive conditions within groundwater recharge areas while the convective disturbances are preserved indefinitely along the discharge column, as long as further subsidence does not occur. Ancient groundwater flow systems are preserved as anomalies in computed apatite fission track model ages and distributions much longer after groundwater flow stops, relative to organic-based geothermometers. Significant differences exist in model ages between recharge (145 Ma) and discharge (90 Ma) areas 200 Myr after flow has ceased. However, calculated fission track histogram distributions are virtually identical in recharge and discharge areas after about 50 Myr. Our study suggests that ancient groundwater flow systems can be detected by comparing thermochronometric data between suspected recharge and discharge areas within continental rifts. Vitrinite reflectance profiles, observed offsets in the depth to the onset of petroleum generation, and apatite fission track annealing studies are all well suited for detecting groundwater flow systems which have been relatively long lived (107 years). Apatite fission track age data are probably best suited for identifying ancient groundwater flow systems within rifts long (>200 Myr) after flow ceases. 相似文献
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The Paleoproterozoic (Statherian) Thelon Basin is located in the Churchill Province of the Canadian Shield, formed following the Trans‐Hudson Orogeny. Basin formation followed an interval of felsic volcanism and weathering of underlying bedrock. The diagenetic evolution of the Thelon lasted about one billion years and was punctuated by fluid movement influenced by tectonic events. Early quartz cements formed in well‐sorted, quartz‐rich facies during diagenetic stage 1; fluids in which these overgrowths formed had δ18O values near 0‰ (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). Uranium‐rich apatite cement (P1) also formed during diagenetic stage 1 indicating that oxygenated, uranium‐bearing pore water was present in the basin early in its diagenetic history. Syntaxial quartz cement (Q1) formed in water with δ18O from ?4 to ?0.8‰ in diagenetic stage 2. Diagenetic stage 3 occurred when the Thelon Formation was at ca. 5 km depth, and was marked by extensive illitization, alteration of detrital grains, and uranium mineralization. Basin‐wide, illite crystallized at ～200 °C by fluids with δ18O values of 5–9‰ and δD values of ?60 to ?31‰, consistent with evolved basinal brines. Tectonism caused by the accretion of Nena at ca. 1600 Ma may have provided the mechanism for brine movement during deep burial. Diagenetic stage 4 is associated with fracturing and emplacement of mafic dikes at ca. 1300 Ma, quartz cement (Q3) in fractures and vugs, further illitization, and recrystallization of uraninite (U2). Q3 cements have fluid inclusions that suggest variable salinities, δ18O values of 1.5–9‰, and δD values of ?97 to ?83‰ for stage 4 brines. K‐feldspar and Mg‐chlorite formed during diagenetic stage 5 at ca. 1000 Ma in upper stratigraphic sequences, and in the west. These phases precipitated from low‐temperature, isotopically distinct fluids. Their distribution indicates that the basin hydrostratigraphy remained partitioned for >600 Ma. 相似文献
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Karina Apolinarska 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(3):353-364
Stable carbon and oxygen isotope studies are among the major proxies in investigations of recent and ancient freshwater environments. Mollusc shells are one the most frequently studied carbonates. In the present paper, stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) shells, regarded as the most aggressive freshwater invader worldwide, is compared with the stable isotope composition of ambient water. Macrophytes with modern D. polymorpha shells attached were sampled twice, in June and August 2011, from four transects established within the littoral of Lake Lednica (western Poland). The macrophytes were sampled between 0.5 and 7 m of depth at each site from the restricted area of the lake bottom. In order to avoid the influence of ontogeny on the results obtained the stable isotope compositions of shells of equal or nearly equal sizes within one population were compared. A significant spread was observed in the stable isotope signatures in the D. polymorpha shells, particularly in the δ13C values derived from one population. The spread in δ13C and δ18O values was observed in both juvenile and adult shells; however, it increased with age. It is suggested that stable isotope investigations of D. polymorpha shells should not be performed on single shells, as the isotope values will not be representative of the coeval individuals within population. While the shells of D. polymorpha were close to oxygen isotope equilibrium with the ambient water, they were characterised by a 1.5–2 ‰ depletion in 13C relative to δ13CDIC. Both the spread in δ13C values in the shells and the 13C depletion observed in the shells are interpreted as resulting from a strong metabolic influence on shell composition. Because the offset observed between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and shells is relatively constant, the stable carbon isotope composition of D. polymorpha shells may reflect environmental conditions and thus may be used as a palaeolimnological proxy. 相似文献
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Paleoenvironmental implications of new OSL dates on the formation of the “Shell Bar” in the Qaidam Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A geological feature in the Qaidam Basin known as the “Shell Bar” contains millions of freshwater clam shells buried in situ. Since the 1980s, this feature in the now hyper-arid basin has been interpreted to be lake deposits that provide evidence for a warmer and more humid climate than present during late marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Global climate during late MIS 3 and the last glacial maximum, however, was cold and dry, with much lower sea levels. We re-investigated the feature geomorphologically and sedimentologically, and employed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to verify the chronology of the sediments. We interpret the Shell Bar to be a remnant of a river channel formed by a stream that ran across an exposed lake bed during a regressive lake phase. Deflation of the surrounding older, fine-grained lacustrine deposits has left the fluvial channel sediments topographically inverted, indicating the erosive nature of the landscape. Luminescence ages place the formation of the Shell Bar in MIS 5 (~113–99 ka), much older than previous radiocarbon ages of <40 ka BP, but place the paleoclimatic inferences more in accord with other regional and global climate proxy records. We present a brief review of the age differences derived from 14C and OSL dating of some critical sections that were thought to represent a warmer and more humid climate than present during late MIS 3. We attribute the differences to underestimation of 14C ages. We suggest that 14C ages older than ~25 ka BP may require re-investigation, especially dates on samples from arid regions. 相似文献
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根据广西北部山地泥炭沼泽沉积的有机碳同位素组成、TOC和C/N等古气候指标对末次盛冰期以来该区植被与气候演变过程进行研究,结果发现：末次盛冰期（21―14 cal. ka B.P.）偏正的δ13Corg数据反映了山地植被面貌曾发生显著变化,指示冰期气候的冷干变化,但并未导致山地森林向地带性草地退化,C3植物仍占优势。沉积物岩性和TOC等数据表明：在14―10 cal. ka B.P.期间沼泽湿地逐渐形成,指示了东亚夏季风降雨的增强,与石笋指示的季风增强起始年代基本一致。冰消期碳同位素曲线负偏的变化要早于TOC指示的泥炭沼泽堆积,即10―9 cal. ka B.P.前后富有机质的泥炭堆积进入旺盛期。碳同位素组成在9―8 cal. ka B.P.存在一个正偏的变化波动,可能与8.2 ka降温事件或局地物源输入变化有关。7.0―2.8 cal. ka B.P.期间古田湿地的有机质输入较高,碳同位素偏负,指示气候暖湿。从1.7 cal. ka B.P.至今,δ13Corg值的再次正偏可能指示夏季风强度减弱,但考虑到该阶段为人类农业活动快速发展期,因此不排除人为因素的影响。此外,末次盛冰期广西山地与雷州半岛沿海低地的碳同位素值对比发现：沿海平原区与华南山地的沉积记录存在明显差别,其主要原因是山区因山地降雨效应使山区的湿度即便在盛冰期也能保持较高水平;而低地平原冰期阶段的降雨则显著减少,加上平原区较高的蒸发量使干旱程度增加,C4草本也相应增多。实际上,影响亚热带山地沼泽δ13Corg值变化的原因比较复杂,在利用δ13Corg值推论古气候时需要同时考虑气候因素和湿地沉积体的物源及其地貌环境等背景。 相似文献
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用D、18O同位素确定黑河中游戈壁地区植物水分来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2008年7月在黑河中游临泽县平川镇戈壁地区采集降雨、地下水、土壤和植物茎干样品并进行水分的D、18O同位素测试,分析戈壁地区不同深度土壤水分的来源,确定泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）、红砂（Reaumuria soongorica）等荒漠植物的吸水层位及其对降雨和地下水的依赖程度。研究发现：①土壤剖面0~130 cm深度范围内的土壤水主要接受降雨的补给;130 cm以下,可能接受潜水蒸发补给,或者是前期较大降雨入渗与潜水蒸发补给的叠加;②土壤水的δD、δ18O值与深度呈指数关系;降雨入渗补给会打乱剖面的稳态,土壤水的δD、δ18O同位素组成是现存土壤水和降雨的混合;③泡泡刺和红砂都是利用深度大于185 cm的土壤水,泡泡刺吸水层位比红砂更深,表明荒漠植物的生长主要依赖更为稳定的潜水水源。 相似文献